稀土顺-1,4-聚丁二烯的搅拌溶液结晶

本工作研究了稀土顺-1,4-聚丁二烯(Ln-PB)的搅拌溶液结晶行为,发现当结晶温度为-15—-79℃、搅拌速度为180转/分时,经过一段时间,就有乳白色的丝状物缠绕在搅拌棒上.在电镜下可以看到,这些丝状物是由平行排列的纤维晶组成的.沉积在搅拌棒上的Ln-PB的量随结晶温度的下降而增加,大约在-65℃左右达到极大值.而后又随结晶温度的下降而减少.结晶温度愈高、沉积在搅拌棒上的Ln-PB的平均分子量愈高,分布愈窄,所以可利用搅拌溶液结晶的方法对Ln-PB进行分级.     

稀土聚丁二烯的结晶行为与分子量及温度的关系

本工作研究了稀土催化聚合的聚丁二烯(Ln-PB)的结晶速率与分子量的关系。结果表明Ln-PB的结晶速率在_η=5.6×10⁵左右有一极小值,而在_η=3.4×10⁶左右有—极大值。 从实验中还发现,Ln-PB的结晶在-20℃左右,由单二维核生长逐渐转变为多二维核生长。 本作工根据结晶成核理论,计算了不同分子量Ln-PB结晶折叠面的比表面能,σ_e表明当 η<10⁶时,σ₃随分子量的变化很小;当_η>10⁶时,σ_e随分子量的增加明显增大。     

X-射线衍射法研究稀土顺-1,4-聚丁二烯低温结晶动力学

本文用广角X-射线衍射法(WAXD)研究了稀土催化聚合顺-1,4-聚丁二烯(Ln-PB)低温下分子量和温度对结晶过程的影响.随着分子量的改变,结晶速度在M_η=8×10~5左右有一极小值;在M_η=29×10~5左右有一极大值.最大结晶速度发生在T_(c,max)=-60～-70℃之间.最大平衡结晶度值,在M_η大于10~6以上与分子量无关,而最大平衡结晶度值所对应的温度与M_η呈线性关系.随着温度上升,晶胞参数略有增大.Ln-PB主级结晶属于非均相成核,以原纤状和盘状混合生长.     

A STUDY OF LOW-TEMPERATURE CRYSTALLIZATION BEHAVIOR THE cis-1,4 POLYBUTADIENE PREPARED WITH RARE-EARTH CATALYST SYSTEM

The effects of molecular weight and temperature on crystallization processes at low tempera-ture for cis-1,4 polybutadiene prepared with rare-earth catalyst (Ln-PB) have been studied by WAXDmethod. In the range of molecular weight from     

稀土顺1,4聚丁二烯的分子缠结与结晶

本文用电镜研究了经过分级得到的不同分子量及不同分子量分布的稀土顺1,4 聚丁二烯(Ln-PB)及镍顺1,4 聚丁二烯(Ni-PB)的低温结晶形态、结晶成核及生长机理。发现低分子量 PB以预现成核为主,而高分子量PB以大分子的缠结为中心的散现成核为主,得到两种不同片层缠结形态的PB球晶。其结晶形态及速率主要受高分子量中的大分子缠结影响。     

稀土顺-1,4-聚丁二烯的分子量及分子缠结对结晶行为的影响

本工作以线膨胀、体膨胀、DSC、扭辫等方法,在较宽的分子量和结晶温度范围内研究了稀土顺-1,4-聚丁二烯(Ln-PB)的分子量与结晶速率,结晶熔点,玻璃化温度及结晶比表面能之间的关系。进一步考察了分子链缠结对结晶速率的影响,并在结晶成核理论的基础上引入链缠结的影响,导出Ln-PB的结晶动力学方程,得到了与实验符合较好的结果。     

X-射线衍射法研究稀土催化丁二烯异戊二烯共聚物低温下的结晶

本工作用WAXD法对以环烷酸稀土盐为主的催化剂合成的丁二烯和异戊二烯共聚物(Ln-PBI)在低温下的结晶行为进行了研究。Ln-PBI室温下为非晶态,在低温下,异戊二烯含量(重量)>20%时不能生成结晶;含量(重量)<20%时,可观察到结晶的生成。并且结晶度随结晶温度的下降而增加,晶格常数则逐渐减小。Ln-PBI基本上保持了Ln-PB单斜晶系的结晶结构,其晶区由Ln-PB链段所贡献。     

THE SOLID STATE REACTIONS AND TRANSITIONS IN HIGH POLYMERIC SYSTEMS Ⅲ. THE BULK CRYSTALLIZATION OF LANTHANIDECATALYTICALLY POLYMERIZED POLYDIENES

For the mechanism of isothermal bulk crystallization of high polymers, beside the nucleation and growth steps, the unimpingement of growing crystal aggregates should be taken into account for the modification of the Avrami equation. Starting from Poisson distribution function of growing crystal aggregates, the probability of the unimpinging ones should be P(0)+P(1), then the Q-modified Avrami equation thus derived can be expressed aswhere V0 represents the volume fraction of crystal aggregates at crystallization time t at a given temperature, while the exponent n on t relates to the mode of nucleation and growth, and K_q is the corresponding shape factor. This Q-modified one is verified satisfactory by the isothermal bulk crystallization of lanthanidecatalytically polymerized polybutadiene (Ln-PB), polyisoprene (Ln-PIR) and their copolymers (LnPB/IR). Furthermore, the proposed mechanism is well identified by the change of morphological state during the course of crystallization of the corresponding east film of Ln-PB TR (92/8) at-60°(Fig. 1).Upon examination of the influence of the number of entanglement on crystallization rate, it reveals the existence of two stages of entanglementation, the primary and the secondary ones (Fig. 19)The equation for dependence of molecular weight and entanglement on bulk crystallization rate has been derived as Eq. 13 or 18 for Ln-PB, and verified by the experimental rate data of well fractionated Ln-PB samples crystallized at -9.1 to -15℃(Fig.20).     

CHAIN ENTANGLEMENT AND CRYSTALLIZATION OF cis-1, 4-POLYBUTADIENE

The morphological structure and mechanism of nucleation and growth of Ln-PB and Ni-PBwith different molecular weight were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The crys-tallization of low molecular weight fraction is primarily from predetermined nuclei, crystallizationfor the high molecular weight fraction is primarily from sporadic nuclei. Two types morphologyof spherulite with different lamellar entanglement have been observed. The entanglement of highermolecular weight fractions are found to be of significance in the morphology and rate of crystallizationof polymer.     

熔体温度对聚四氟乙烯结晶形态的影响

用小角光散射、电子显微镜等方法研究了熔体温度对熔融结晶的PTFE结晶形态的影响。结果表明,当熔体温度超过400℃时,PTFE的结晶形态从棒晶逐步向球晶转化,力学性能也随之变坏。DSC的研究阐明,形态与力学性能的变化是由于大分子的降解,而不是因为熔体中发生了物理转变所致。     

茂金属聚乙烯的非等温结晶行为及其动力学研究

为探索分子量和支链含量对聚乙烯非等温结晶过程的影响,选用3组样品:(1)不同分子量的无支链线形聚乙烯;(2)低分子量的支链含量不同的试样;(3)高分子量的支链含量不同的试样.用DSC研究了这3组样品的非等温结晶动力学.结果表明:(1)与支链含量相比,分子量大小对结晶的影响是次要的,但高分子量样品的结晶度比低分子量样品低;(2)支链对聚乙烯的非等温结晶有重要影响,在支化聚乙烯中起决定作用;(3)无论是高分子量试样还是低分子量试样,支化含量增加,聚乙烯的结晶温度、结晶度、结晶动力学以及晶体的熔点等显著降低.     

Morphology of polyethylene crystallized by solution stirring

Dilatometric and calorimetric studies have been made of the fusion process of linear polyethylene crystallized by stirring xylene solutions at elevated temperatures. It is shown that the melting point of the crystals increases rapidly from 139.5°C to 145°C in the crystallization temperature range of 100–103°C and levels off to 146 ± 0.5°C, provided that very slow heating rates are employed. Stirrer-crystallized samples treated with fuming nitric acid show higher crystalline contents. Comparison of their enthalpies of fusion and melting points indicate that higher molecular order along the fiber axis is associated with higher crystallization temperatures. This is in general agreement with corresponding results of other modes of crystallization. The attack of fuming nitric acid on stirrer crystals is characterized by weight-loss curves similar to those of dilutesolution crystals and bulk polyethylene. The linear molecular weight dependence on time of exposure to nitric acid suggests that the oxidation proceeds mainly from the chain ends at a constant rate for samples stirred in the lower crystallization range, but an increased rate is observed for a sample stirred from xylene at 105°C. It is suggested that the lamellar overgrowths, most evident at low crystallization temperatures, are epitaxially attached to the fiber axis, whereas the smaller crossbandings observed at higher crystallization temperatures are possibly made up of elements of chains that are only partly incorporated in the highly ordered fibrous core.     

由乙烯高效催化聚合而得的超高分子量聚乙烯的研究

本工作系研究以高效催化聚合获得的超高分子量聚乙烯的结构和性能。用扫描电子显微镜观察了高效催化剂及初生聚乙烯的形态。透射电子显微镜观察了初生聚乙烯粉未,发现毛遂边缘的超分子原纤维状织态结构。用偏光显微镜观察了不同分子量聚乙烯粉末的熔融和冷却结晶过程,生成的球晶随分子量增大而增大。用X-射线衍射、差热分析、倒换气相色谱测定了初生聚乙烯的结晶度随分子量而增大;用X-射线衍射、差热分析及密度梯度法测定经退火或热压制的聚乙烯样品的结晶度均随分子量增大而下降。X-射线衍射测定其晶粒尺寸亦随分子量增大而减小。差热分析和倒换气相色谱测定超高分子量聚乙烯粉末的结晶熔点温度(T_m)要比普通分子量聚乙烯高8-12℃。不同分子量聚乙烯的热形变曲线表明,超高分子量聚乙烯在熔融温度后出现明显的橡胶态。此外,还用差热与热重分析研究了超高分子量聚乙烯的热老化行为。测定了超高分子量聚乙烯的优异抗冲强度和沙浆磨耗量。并用扫描电镜对比观察了常规分子量和超高分子量聚乙烯试样的冲击断面的织态结构。     

热处理对聚偏氟乙烯-酰胺类溶剂所制薄膜结晶行为的影响

使用红外光谱和偏光显微镜对PVDF(聚偏氟乙烯)-DMF(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)和PVDF-DMAc(N,N-二甲基乙酰胺)体系结晶行为的研究表明,PVDF薄膜的结晶受制备溶剂,后期热处理温度和膜厚度等因素的影响;升高温度,β相含量减小;当温度低于90℃时,PVDF-DMF体系的F(β)值较DMAc体系大,在90~160℃之间则相反,且两种体系的F(β)值分别在约90℃和80℃发生“突变”;同时,结晶还明显受到薄膜厚度的影响,厚度大,结晶较完善.     

HE－1型催化剂异相聚合乙烯结晶性能研究 Ⅱ．超高分子量PE结晶行为

用小角Ｘ－射线散射，广角Ｘ－射线衍射，差示扫描量热法，研究了ＨＥ－１型钛系催化剂异相聚合超高分子量聚乙烯的稀溶液的结晶和熔融结晶的熔点，熔化热，结晶度，长周期，晶区厚度和非昌区厚度随分子量与结晶温度的关系．并着重讨论了熔融结晶和初生态结晶的不同过程机理．结果表明：ＵＨＭＷＰＥ稀溶液结晶的结晶度（Ｘｃ％），长周期（Ｌ）和晶区厚度（Ｌｃ）与分子量Ｍｗ无关，随结晶温度升高而增加，非晶区厚度（Ｌａ）与分子量和结晶温度均无关，熔点Ｔｍ随分子量增大稍有升高．熔融结晶样品长周期与分子量无关，却和结晶温度和时间有关．其结晶度和晶区厚度随分子量增大而下降，非昌区厚度和熔点均随分子量增大而增大，初生态粉末中没发现长周期，却发现有较高熔点．     

HE－1型催化剂异相聚合乙烯结晶性能研究 Ⅱ．超高分子量PE结晶行为

用小角Ｘ－射线散射，广角Ｘ－射线衍射，差示扫描量热法，研究了ＨＥ－１型钛系催化剂异相聚合超高分子量聚乙烯的稀溶液的结晶和熔融结晶的熔点，熔化热，结晶度，长周期，晶区厚度和非晶区厚度随分子量与结晶温度的关系，并着重讨论了熔融结晶和初生态结晶的不同过程机理，结果表明：ＵＨＭＷＰＥ稀溶液结晶的结晶度（Ｘ％），长周期（Ｌ）和晶区厚度（Ｌｃ）与分子量Ｍｗ无关，随结晶温度升高而增加，非晶区厚度（Ｌａ）与分子量     

Light scattering studies of mixtures and fractions of linear polyethylene

Previous work on the small-angle light scattering of polyethylene films, to determine the supermolecular structure, has been continued. One of the main efforts has been the study of a binary mixture whose low molecular weight component forms well defined spherulites and whose high molecular weight component yields a poorly defined rod-like morphology. The addition of the high molecular weight fraction causes a progressive deterioration of the initial spherulitic morphology; a relatively small amount of the high molecular weight species causes a major decrease in the spherulitic size. However, there are no indications of any spherulitic structures when the weight fraction of the high molecular weight species is 0.5 or greater. The isothermal crystallization of a fraction M = 6.6 × 10⁵ was also studied. Spherulites were formed at low crystallization temperatures while at the higher crystallization temperatures the morphology became nondistinct. Preliminary studies with solvents indicate that high molecular fractions, which do not form spherulites when crystallized in the pure state, do so when crystallized from highly swollen solutions.     

SAPO-5分子筛的晶化过程研究

采用X射线衍射、X射线荧光光谱、扫描电子显微镜和固体核磁共振波谱等方法对SAPO-5分子筛的晶化过程进行了研究.结果表明, SAPO-5分子筛的生成遵循液相晶化机理.在晶化前期首先生成一种具有较为规整形貌的无定形磷酸铝(记为Am),晶化温度大于200℃后开始出现SAPO-5,同时无定形物质Am的量也明显增加,随后Am逐渐溶解并贡献于SAPO-5的生长;硅原子在晶化初期直接参与晶化进入SAPO-5分子筛骨架,随着晶化时间延长,分子筛晶体中硅含量逐渐增加; SAPO-5骨架仅能容纳少量的Si(4Al)物种,在样品含有较低硅含量时骨架中即出现硅岛. XPS分析进一步揭示SAPO-5分子筛存在表面富硅现象,硅在晶体中从核到壳含量递增.研究结果也表明,分子筛的拓扑结构和硅源选择影响晶体表面富硅程度.     

A Facile Method for Preparation of Polymer Particles Having a “Cylindrical” Shape

A facile and novel approach to prepare monodisperse polystyrene (PS) particles having a “cylindrical” shape was discovered. Spherical PS particles prepared by dispersion polymerization were stirred in a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) aqueous solution for several hours using a magnetic stirrer at room temperature. In the presence of PVP, the spherical PS particles deformed into cylindrical shapes following stirring; however, the particles did not deform in the absence of PVP. The deformation rate of the particles was affected by the molecular weight of the dissolved PVP. This stirring method is not only highly efficient and high yielding, but also applicable to other materials such as polymethyl methacrylate. Moreover, the cylindrical particles were successfully applied as particulate surfactants in a Pickering emulsion system, which exhibited excellent stability in comparison to a system using spherical particles as a surfactant. In the first case, the emulsion was left standing for more than 4 months.     

全氟乙丙烯共聚物的超分子结构与结晶性质

本文用激光小角光散射技术研究了全氟乙丙烯共聚物的超分子结构。发现它的结晶形态主要依赖于熔体温度。当共聚物从315—320℃以下降温结晶时得到无规排列晶片所固有的圆对称散射图象。从315—320℃以上温度冷却时,形成球晶结构。这些结果与DSC测得的结晶性质之间存在对应关系。结晶性质在上述温度区间上下也有突变。这些结果可用熔体中存在有序微区来解释,它在结晶时起晶核的作用,在温度高于315—320℃时消失。