稀土尾矿砂放射性活度的测量与计算分析

准确测量并计算稀土尾矿砂的放射性活度浓度及其变化规律对制定相应的豁免标准和日后的处理处置具有重要的意义。根据选取的特征 射线,分析对比平衡与非平衡状态下铀系、钍系、锕系三个天然衰变系的总活度浓度,结合衰变链的一般动力学方程,计算总放射性活度与每个核素的放射性活度,并研究钍系各核素在平衡被不同程度破坏的情况下随时间的变化规律。结果显示,按照非平衡情况下计算得出的总α 和总β 放射性活度浓度比平衡情况下的更接近实际测量结果,此外,钍系核素在平衡被破坏后的放射性活度随时间变化情况与母体和228Ra 的初始放射性活度浓度有关,若228Ra 小于232Th,则总放射性活度在60 a再次平衡后达到最大值,为10 倍的母体活度;若228Ra 大于232Th,则总放射性活度在3.82 a 出现最大值,为4.57 倍母体活度与5.25 倍第一子体228Ra 的初始活度浓度之和。因此,可知稀土尾矿砂放射性活度已经遭到破坏,其总活度浓度应该采用非平衡情况下的几个特征核素的活度浓度共同计算得到,并且需计算分析其随时间变化出现的最大值,以此来确定是否超过相关法规标准。It is of great significance to measure and calculate rare earth tailing radioactivity for the development of appropriate standards and exemption disposal. The total activity concentration of the three natural decay series (uranium series, thorium series, actinium series) was analyzed under the equilibrium and disequilibrium state according to the selected characteristic  γ-rays. At the same time, we calculated the total activity concentration and the radioactivity for each radionuclide based on the general kinetic equations of decay chain and studied the trend of each radionuclide of thorium-series under different degrees of disequilibrium with time. The results demonstrated that the total radioactivity of and calculated in disequilibrium state was more closed to the actual measurement results compared to that in equilibrium state. In addition, the activity changes with time of thorium series in disequilibrium state are related to the initial activity concentration of the mother nuclide and 228Ra. If the activity concentration of 228Ra is less than that of 232Th, the total activity peak will be 10 times to maternal activity and appear after 60 a when the thorium series become balance again. If the activity concentration of 228Ra is greater than that of 232Th, the maximum total activity will appear in 3.82 a, and will be the sum of 4.57 times of the initial activity concentration of the mother nuclide and 5.25 times of the initial activity concentration of the first daughter 228Ra. Therefore, the rare earth tailings have been in disequilibrium state, and its total activity concentration should be determined based on the activity concentration of several  feature radionuclides. In addition, the maximum value of the activity concentration is profitable to judge whether the activity concentration is fit with relevant regulations and standards.     

Dynamics of ensemble of inhibitory coupled Rulkov maps

The motif of three inhibitory coupled Rulkov elements is studied. Possible dynamical regimes, including different types of sequential activity, winner-take-all activity and chaotic activity, are in the focus of this paper. In particular, a new transition scenario from sequential activity to winner-take-all activity through chaos is uncovered. This study can be used in high performance computation of large neuron-like ensembles for the modeling of neuron-like activity.     

基于卷积神经网络的蛋胚活性精准检测方法研究

孵化的蛋胚是生产禽流感疫苗的载体,蛋胚的活性检测是疫苗生产中的关键环节,通过光电容积脉搏法检测蛋胚活性是提高蛋胚活性检测准确率的关键.为了提高蛋胚活性检测效率和检测准确率,采用滑动功率谱方法(PSD)将蛋胚脉搏波可视化,基于卷积神经网络对蛋胚活性进行精准分类.实验结果显示,采用卷积神经网络对单个蛋胚信号的计算时间仅为1...     

Contrast Adaptation Decreases Complexity in Retinal Ganglion Cell Spike Train

The difference in temporal structures of retinal ganglion cell spike trains between spontaneous activity and firing activity after contrast adaptation is investigated. The Lempel-Ziv complexity analysis reveals that the complexity of the neural spike train decreases after contrast adaptation. This implies that the behaviour of the neuron becomes ordered, which may carry relevant information about the external stimulus. Thus, during the neuron activity after contrast adaptation, external information could be encoded in forms of some certain patterns in the temporal structure of spike train that is significantly different, compared to that of the spike train during spontaneous activity, although the firing rates in spontaneous activity and firing activity after contrast adaptation are sometime similar.     

Towards an understanding and control of cavitation activity in 1 MHz ultrasound fields

Various industrial processes such as sonochemical processing and ultrasonic cleaning strongly rely on the phenomenon of acoustic cavitation. As the occurrence of acoustic cavitation is incorporating a multitude of interdependent effects, the amount of cavitation activity in a vessel is strongly depending on the ultrasonic process conditions. It is therefore crucial to quantify cavitation activity as a function of the process parameters. At 1 MHz, the active cavitation bubbles are so small that it is becoming difficult to observe them in a direct way. Hence, another metrology based on secondary effects of acoustic cavitation is more suitable to study cavitation activity. In this paper we present a detailed analysis of acoustic cavitation phenomena at 1 MHz ultrasound by means of time-resolved measurements of sonoluminescence, cavitation noise, and synchronized high-speed stroboscopic Schlieren imaging. It is shown that a correlation exists between sonoluminescence, and the ultraharmonic and broadband signals extracted from the cavitation noise spectra. The signals can be utilized to characterize different regimes of cavitation activity at different acoustic power densities. When cavitation activity sets on, the aforementioned signals correlate to fluctuations in the Schlieren contrast as well as the number of nucleated bubbles extracted from the Schlieren Images. This additionally proves that signals extracted from cavitation noise spectra truly represent a measure for cavitation activity. The cyclic behavior of cavitation activity is investigated and related to the evolution of the bubble populations in the ultrasonic tank. It is shown that cavitation activity is strongly linked to the occurrence of fast-moving bubbles. The origin of this “bubble streamers” is investigated and their role in the initialization and propagation of cavitation activity throughout the sonicated liquid is discussed. Finally, it is shown that bubble activity can be stabilized and enhanced by the use of pulsed ultrasound by conserving and recycling active bubbles between subsequent pulsing cycles.     

弹丸注入对HL－1等离子体锯齿活性的影响

本文叙述了氢弹丸注入氘等离子体后锯齿活性的变化。测量表明，注入导致锯齿周期拉长或锯齿抑制。杂质聚中是锯齿活性变化的主要原因。注入改善了等离子体的能量和粒子约束性能。     

LaFe1-xCuxO3的光催化性及正电子湮没研究

研究ＬａＦｅＯ３及微量掺铜ＬａＦｅＯ３的光催化活性,利用正电子湮没谱分析掺杂的影响,发现随着掺杂百分比的增加,正电子奉命逐渐下降达到一最小值,然后又上升;而光催化活性随掺杂百分比的增加逐渐上升达到最大值,然后下降,结果表明：ＬａＦｅＯ３掺杂后光催化活性得以提高;正电子湮没技术是研究点阵缺陷结构的有效方法之一。     

基于马铃薯叶片光纤光谱信息的晚疫病患病程度预测

针对马铃薯晚疫病害的早期检测和防治问题,利用光谱技术对马铃薯晚疫病叶片过氧化物酶(POD)活性进行预测,并基于POD酶活性实现了马铃薯晚疫病的患病程度预测.采集和测定处于不同温湿度及接菌时间的马铃薯叶片样本的光谱反射率和POD酶活性,选用中心化(MC)预处理方法以消除原始光谱数据的误差.为降低模型复杂程度,利用随机青蛙...     

Possible mechanisms of the influence of hexylresorcinol on the structure-dynamic and functional properties of lysozyme protein

The influence of hexylresorcinol on the structure, equilibrium fluctuations, and functional activity of water-soluble enzyme lysozyme was studied over a wide range of hexylresorcinol concentrations. Hexylresorcinol was found to be not only a stabilizer of lysozyme. At low hexylresorcinol concentrations (2 to 10 molecules per lysozyme globule), the activity of lysozyme sharply increased; activity began to decrease as the concentration grew. The influence of hexylresorcinol on the structural, dynamic, and functional lysozyme characteristics is well described by models of preferential hydration and preferential protein interaction with hexylresorcinol. The hexylresorcinol molecule consists of hydrophobic (alkyl radical) and hydrophilic (aromatic nucleus) moieties, which has additional regulatory action on the functional activity of lysozyme. As the concentration of hexylresorcinol increases, the effect of regions with preferential hydration begins to noticeably predominate over the effect of preferential interaction with hexylresorcinol. At hexylresorcinol concentrations higher than 100 molecules per lysozyme globule, the activity of lysozyme is fully inhibited. This is caused by the preferential hydration of the protein with the displacement of hexylresorcinol from direct contacts with it. The displacement of hexylresorcinol causes the formation of high-density hexylresorcinol micelles. Dense micelles interfere with the approach of substrates to the protein and fully inhibit its functional activity. The complete inhibition of lysozyme activity occurs at hexylresorcinol concentrations lower by an order of magnitude than glycerol inhibiting concentrations.     

Ice-active proteins from New Zealand snow tussocks, Chionochloa macra AND C. rigida

The ice active protein profile of New Zealand snow tussocks Chionochloa macra and C. rigida consisted of ice nucleation activity but no antifreeze or recrystallization inhibition activity. The ice nucleation activity was similar in the two species, despite them being collected at different altitudes and at different times. The activity is intrinsic to the plant and is associated with the surface of the leaves. Snow tussocks collect water from fog. Nucleation sites on the surface of their leaves may aid the efficiency of this process.     

Origin of Antibacterial Activity of ZnO Nanoparticles: The Roles of Protonic and Electronic Conductions

To elucidate the origin of antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) mechanism is systematically investigated based on electronic and protonic conductions. While the enhancement of antibacterial activity by an increase in electronic conductivity is marginal, an apparent improvement is observed by in the increase of protonic conductivity in terms of the surface basicity. This study first demonstrates that antibacterial activity can be enhanced by controlling the surface basicity of solid particles. The basicity of ZnO can be modulated by doping alkaline‐earth oxides such as MgO and CaO, and it results in the increase of hydroxyl defects on the surface of solid particles. The basicity shows a strong dependency on mobile OH concentrations. The increase of ROS hydroxyl radicals is confirmed by Mg (ZMO) or Ca‐doping (ZCO), which shows high antibacterial activity, and Ca‐doped ZnO exhibits the highest performance. It is clearly observed that the antibacterial activity is proportional to the basicity, which is controlled by the mobile OH formation. While both electrons and hydroxyl species are required for ROS reactions, it is concluded that the formation of hydroxyl species is a key factor in improving the antibacterial activity in ZnO.     

四种新芳氧羧酸类除草剂的拉曼光谱研究

对除草剂的研究是提高我国粮食作物产量的一种有效途径,我国的现状要求我们加大对除草剂研究的力度。采用共聚焦拉曼光谱仪对四种新合成的芳氧羧酸类除草剂进行了研究,得到了拉曼光谱信息,并对谱峰进行了归属,得到了此类化合物的特征谱峰的位置;此外,还测试了这四种除草剂的除草活性,发现I_2,I_3的除草活性最好,I_4次之,I_1最差,并用拉曼谱峰所给出的信息对除草活性的差异进行了解释。认为在所研究的这类除草剂中,芳氧乙酸类化合物的生成有利于增加除草活性。     

Neural networks with low levels of activity: Ising vs. McCulloch-Pitts neurons

The performance of neural networks used as associative memory for uncorrelated patterns with prescribed mean activity is analyzed within the replica symmetric mean field theory. The optimal representation of the possible states of the neutrons, active or inactive, is found to depend on the mean activity. For activity equal one half Ising neurons and for low activities McCulloch-Pitts neurons are optimal. In this optimal representation the noise due to noncondensed patterns is reduced.     

Decomposition of biospeckle images in temporary spectral bands

We present a method of analysis of images of dynamic speckle based on the filtering in frequency bands of the temporary history of each pixel. Butterworth filters are applied to the temporary evolution, and different images are constructed showing the energy in each frequency band. Different degrees of activity of the sample in study, presumably attributed to different origins, are found. The method is exemplified with images of bruising damage in fruits and of biological activity in germinating corn seeds. It is found that the activity in the bruised region of an apple differs from the activity of healthy regions in a certain characteristic frequency range. The activity of the embryo can also be distinguished from that of the endosperm in corn seeds during germination.     

Sex Differences in Physical Activity in People After Stroke: A Cross-sectional Study

OBJECTIVE: Adequate physical activity after stroke is critical for cardiovascular health. Although sex is a potential factor associated with post-stroke physical activity, its mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to examine sex differences in human physical activity following stroke. METHOD: A cross-sectional study with 62 participants (men: 42, women: 20) was conducted. Physical activity was measured for three consecutive days using a step activity monitor. The walking durations per day in light physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and total physical activity were calculated. Sex differences in walking duration were compared using Welch''s t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS: Women had a significantly greater walking duration in light physical activity and in total than did the men. In contrast, no significant differences were found in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. CONCLUSION: This study reported sex differences in the walking duration after stroke. Moreover, it found that women spent more time in low intensity physical activity than men. Our results will be useful for planning interventions to increase physical activity and decrease sedentary behavior after stroke.     

Conditions for the emergence of spatially asymmetric retrieval states in an attractor neural network

In this paper we show that during the retrieval process in a binary symmetric Hebb neural network, spatially localized states can be observed when the connectivity of the network is distance-dependent and a constraint on the activity of the network is imposed, which forces different levels of activity in the retrieval and learning states. This asymmetry in the activity during retrieval and learning is found to be a sufficient condition to observe spatially localized retrieval states. The result is confirmed analytically and by simulation.     

太阳高纬和低纬活动现象的混沌与分形特征

为了研究太阳高纬度和低纬度活动现象在南北半球的混沌与分形特征, 结合递归分析方法与Grassberger-Procaccia算法两种技术对1952年2月至1998年6月的极区光斑和黑子数目两种太阳磁活动指标进行了详细分析和比较. 主要结论如下: 1)由于太阳活动现象与磁场的时空演化密切相关, 导致太阳活动在南半球和北半球的混沌与分形特征具有不对称性, 太阳高纬度和低纬度活动现象的混沌与分形特征具有差异性; 2)太阳高纬度活动现象比低纬度活动现象具有更强的混沌程度和更复杂的分形结构, 其中太阳高纬度活动现象在北半球具有最强的混沌程度和最复杂的分形结构.     

场耦合忆阻神经网络的电活动

神经元之间除了突触耦合,还存在磁通耦合.因此在传统的神经元模型中引入磁通量,并研究场耦合下神经网络的放电活动具有实际意义.建立一个含场耦合的Hodgkin-Huxley忆阻神经网络,引入神经元节点之间的距离权重,用磁通量描述时变电磁场,采用磁控忆阻器实现膜电位和磁通量之间的耦合.探讨距离权重和系统大小对神经网络放电活动的影响.研究发现,随着权重增大,神经网络放电活动增强,且系统规模越大,诱导神经元兴奋性的权重阈值越大,系统大小不影响神经网络活性随距离权重变化的规律.在不同的权重值下,神经网络活性随系统大小变化的规律明显不同.研究表明,距离权重和系统大小对含场耦合的忆阻神经网络放电活动有重要影响,其中距离权重起主导作用.     

光谱法研究BLM解旋酶的稳定性

BLM解旋酶是RecQ家族DNA解旋酶中的一个重要成员,在维持染色体的稳定性中具有重要的作用,其突变会导致Bloom综合症.Bloom综合症是一种罕见隐性常染色体遗传疾病,患者易患各种类型癌症.本研究利用紫外吸收光谱法研究了pH、反应时间、NaCl浓度对BLM解旋酶的稳定性和ATP酶活性的影响.结果显示,pH会影响BL...     

Fe/Co/Ni-N共掺杂石墨烯氧还原反应活性的DFT研究

为了研究Fe/Co/Ni-N掺杂石墨烯的氧还原反应(ORR)活性,比较单金属原子和氮不同的掺杂方式对石墨烯ORR活性的影响.利用Materials Studio软件建立了Fe/Co/Ni-N掺杂石墨烯模型,然后将氧气分子分别吸附在Fe/Co/Ni-N掺杂石墨烯模型表面上.采用CASTEP模块对构建的模型进行结构优化并模拟计算,分析了Fe/Co/Ni-N掺杂石墨烯的吸附能、脱附能和导电性变化规律.基于模拟计算,发现单金属原子掺杂石墨烯时,Fe掺杂石墨烯的ORR活性优于Co和Ni;单金属原子和氮共掺杂石墨烯时,Fe-N掺杂石墨烯的ORR活性高于Co-N和Ni-N掺杂石墨烯,且M-N₄-G形态的ORR活性优于M-N₁-G、M-N₂-G和M-N₃-G.