从晕中子核引起核反应中提取对称势

利用同位旋相关量子分子动力学理论研究了中子晕核引起核反应机制中重要的同位旋效应以提取对称势. 因为同位旋相关量子分子动力学理论中的相互作用和介质中核子-核子碰撞截面都灵敏地依赖于碰撞系统的密度分布, 本项研究工作基于中子晕核扩展的密度分布. 该密度分布包含了反应机制中同位旋效应和疏散内部结构的平均特征. 为了弄清楚晕核引起核反应机制的同位旋效应, 在完全相同的入射道条件下, 比较了由中子晕核炮弹引起的同位旋效应和由相等质量的稳定核炮弹引起同位旋效应. 结果发现中子晕核炮弹引起的发射中子-质子比和同位旋分馏比明显大于相等质量稳定弹核产生的结果. 因而可以通过理论结果与实验数据的系统比较提取对称势.     

Effects of Isospin Equilibrium on Cold Fusion of Superheavy Nuclei

The neutron flow model predicts that neutrons start to flow freely between the approaching nuclei ^58Fe and ^208 pb at s=3fm, a length in which the effective surfaces of these nuclei are 3 fm apart. As a result of neutron flow, the N/Z value rapidly reaches an equilibrium distribution. Meanwhile the system, originally in the fusion valley, is injected into the asymmetric fission valley. The dynamic process of the composite nucleus in the asymmetric fission valley is treated with a two-parameter Smoluchowski equation. It is shown that the probability to overcome the asymmetric fission barrier and to achieve compound nucleus configuration, hence the fusion cross section is obviously suppressed due to the effect of isospin equilibrium.     

有限核多重碎裂的同位旋效应和临界现象的分析

利用非对称核物质状态方程及同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型对有限核112Sn和132Sn在不同温度下多重碎裂的同位旋效应进行了研究，发现随着温度的升高同位旋效应逐渐消失，并给出了在一定温度下不同密度对产生中等质量碎片的影响. 通过碎片的关联分析,对中高能重离子碰撞中的临界现象做了初步研究.     

丰质子核反应中轻带电粒子发射的同位旋效应

采用同位旋相关的Boltzmann—Langevin方程计算了核素^12-15N和^17-20Ne反应中轻带电粒子发射的同位旋效应。^12-15N与^28Si靶的反应结果显示轻带电粒子的产生截面有明显的同位旋效应,^12N的轻带电粒子产生截面突然增大,与实验得出的结论相同,由此检验了所采用的计算方法的可行性。同时还计算了^17-20Ne与^9Be靶的反应,发现^17Ne的轻带电粒子产生截面也是突然增大,并且其质子分布有较大的弥散,据此认为^17Ne可能具有晕结构。 Within the Boltzmann-Langevin equation, the isospin effects on the production cross sections of light charged particles （LCP） in the reaction of proton rich nuclei were studied. We have calculated the LCP productio n cross sections of the reaction ^12-15N ＋ ^28Si at 55 MeV/u and ^17-20Ne ＋ ^9Be at 60 MeV/u. The LCP production cross sections of ^12N increase abnormally in comparison with those of ^13-15N. The result accorded with experimental one. It also happened to ^17-20Ne. It suggests that ^17Ne is probably a proton halo nucleus.     

离子注入对黑松花粉粒细胞核的损伤效应

利用激光扫描共聚焦显微技术和碱性单细胞凝胶电泳技术对经过离子注入后的黑松花粉粒内细胞核的直接损伤效应进行了观察鉴定。 研究结果表明, 离子注入后可以直接损伤细胞核结构, 导致细胞核裂解。 细胞核的损伤程度与注入离子的剂量密切相关, 即细胞核DNA分子的损伤程度随着注入离子剂量的增加而提高。 The damage of pollen nuclei of Pinus thunbergii induced directly by ion implantation were measured by the laser confocal microscopy technique and the single cell gel electrophoresis test. The results showed that ion implantation caused the nuclei structure to be damaged, leading to the nuclei degradation. The results of statistical analysis showed that the damage grade of nuclei was very correlative with the ion dosage. The damage degree of DNA in the nuclei at the level of single cells was increased with the increase of the ion implantation dose.     

Total Nuclear Reaction Cross Section Induced by Halo Nuclei and Stable Nuclei

We develop a method for calculation of the total reaction cross sections induced by the halo nuclei and stable nuclei. This approach is based on the Glauber theory, which is valid for nuclear reactions at high energies. It is extended for nuclear reactions at low energies and intermediate energies by including both the quantum correction and Coulomb correction under the assumption of the effective nuclear density distribution. The calculated results of the total reaction cross section induced by stable nuclei agree well with 30 experimental data within 10 percent accuracy.The comparison between the numerical results and 20 experimental data for the total nuclear reaction cross section induced by the neutron halo nuclei and the proton halo nuclei indicates a satisfactory agreement after considering the halo structure of these nuclei, which implies quite digerent mean fields for the nuclear reactions induced by halo nuclei and stable nuclei. The halo nucleon distributions and the root-mean-square radii of these nuclei can be extracted from the above comparison based on the improved Glauber model, which indicates clearly the halo structures of these nuclei. Especially,it is clear to see that the medium correction of the nucleon-nucleon collision has little effect on the total reaction cross sections, induced by the halo nuclei due to the very weak binding and the very extended density distribution.     

Total Nuclear Reaction Cross Section Induced by Halo Nuclei and Stable Nuclei

We develop a method for calculation of the total reaction cross sections induced by the halo nuclei and stable. nuclei. This approach is based on the Glauber theory, which is valid for nuclear reactions at high energies. It is extended for nuclear reactions at low energies and intermediate energies by including both the quantum correction and Coulomb correction under the assumption of the effective nuclear density distribution. The calculated results of the total reaction cross section induced by stable nuclei agree well with 30 experimental data within 10 percent accuracy. The comparison between the numerical results and 20 experimental data for the total nuclear reaction cross section induced by the neutron halo nuclei and the proton halo nuclei indicates a satisfactory agreement after considering the halo structure of these nuclei, which implies quite different mean fields for the nuclear reactions induced by halo nuclei and stable nuclei. The halo nucleon distributions and the root-mean-square radii of these nuclei can be extracted from the above comparison based on the improved Glauber model, which indicates clearly the halo structures of these nuclei. Especially,it is clear to see that the medium correction of the nucleon-nucleon collision has little effect on the total reaction cross sections induced by the halo nuclei due to the very weak binding and the very extended density distribution.     

弱束缚原子核引起的熔合反应机制研究

弱束缚原子核引起的熔合反应机制研究是近几十年中实验核物理研究的重要课题之一。相比于放射性核束,加速器提供的稳定弱束缚原子核束流的强度要高几个数量级,利用稳定弱束缚原子核作为弹核进行反应机制的研究,可以在保证统计性和准确性的基础上,深入研究原子核的破裂、转移等反应道对熔合过程的耦合作用。已有很多实验数据表明,在库仑位垒附近,弱束缚原子核引发的熔合反应有很多有趣的现象,例如完全熔合截面的“垒下增强”和“垒上压低”。本文主要回顾近年来弱束缚原子核“垒上压低”的研究结果,并探讨造成“垒上压低”的可能原因。完全熔合截面“垒上压低”的主要原因是弱束缚原子核在进入熔合位垒之前发生破裂,从而降低了完全熔合反应道的入射通量。同时,实验研究表明完全熔合截面压低的程度可能与靶核质量数以及靶核结构相关。目前,在实验上对弱束缚原子核引起的熔合反应研究主要有3种测量方法,分别为$\gamma$射线测量方法、带电粒子测量方法以及带电粒子-$\gamma$射线符合测量的方法。其中,带电粒子-$\gamma$射线符合测量的方法在反应道鉴别方面具有明显的优势。本文对这3种测量方法进行了概要介绍,并就国内外对运用这3种方法开展的研究进行了介绍,包括本研究组在此方面的研究工作。此外,对弱束缚原子核引起的熔合反应近期在理论方面的研究工作也做了些介绍。     

Isospin Effects in the Isospin Fractionation Process in Intermediate Energy HeavyIon Collisions

Based on the isospin dependent quantum molecular dynamics model we investigated the isospin effects of isospin fractionation (N/Z)_gas/(N/Z)_liq from the neutron-proton ratio of colliding system and impact parameter. Here (N/Z)_gasand (N/Z)_liq is the neutron-proton ratio of nucleon emission for gas phase and that of fragment emission for liquid phase, respectively. Our results show that the (N/Z)_gas/(N/Z)_liq increases with the neutron-proton ratio of colliding systems when the system mass, incident energy and impact parameters are fixed. For the neutron-rich systems, the (N/Z)_gas/(N/Z)_liq depends sensitively to the form of symmetry potential and weakly on the isospin effect of the in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section; For the neutron-poor colliding system, however, the (N/Z)_gas/(N/Z)_liq is not sensitive to both the form of symmetry potential and the isospin effect of the in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section. We also found that the dependence of (N/Z)_gas/(N/Z)_liq on the impact parameter is not obvious. Detailed discussion and explanation for leading to these results are presented in the paper. According to these results, we propose that (N/Z)_gas/(N/Z)_liq can be directly compared with the experimental data to get the information about symmetry potential.     

径向膨胀流的同位旋效应

利用同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型,研究了¹²⁴Ba+¹²⁴Ba和¹²⁴Sn+¹²⁴Sn两个系统在不同入射能量下对心碰撞的径向膨胀流.发现丰中子系统¹²⁴Sn+¹²⁴Sn的径向膨胀流系统性地小于系统¹²⁴Ba+¹²⁴Ba的径向膨胀流.同时发现这种差别主要来自于核子–核子碰撞截面的同位旋相关性而几乎与对称能无关.     

中能重离子碰撞中同位旋分馏的同位旋效应

基于改进的同位旋相关量子分子动力学模型,研究了中能重离子碰撞中同位旋分馏强度(N/Z)_气(N/Z)_液随着碰撞系统中子–质子比和碰撞参数的变化所呈现出的同位旋效应,得到了一些有兴趣的结果.如在碰撞系统质量、入射能量和碰撞参数固定的条件下,(N/Z)_气(N/Z)_液随碰撞系统中子–质子比的增加而增加.对于丰中子系统而言,(N/Z)_气(N/Z)_液灵敏地依赖于对称势而较弱地依赖于核子–核子碰撞截面;而缺中子系统,(N/Z)_气(N/Z)_液对于对称势和介质中核子–核子碰撞截面都不灵敏.对于造成这种现象的物理机制进行了分析和讨论.一般核反应中,碰撞参数是各种物理观测量的灵敏函数,但计算结果表明同位旋分馏强度对于碰撞参数并不灵敏,故对于丰中子系统而言,同位旋分馏强度是提取对称势知识的灵敏物理观测量.     

轻系统多重碎裂的同位旋效应

利用同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型,对⁴⁰Ca+⁴⁰Ca和⁴⁰Ar+⁴⁰Ar系统在不同入射能量时,同位旋效应对多重碎裂的影响进行了讨论.低能区的多重碎裂由于多种同位旋相关的因素相互抵消,因此多重碎裂的同位旋效应不明显.随着能量的增加,同位旋相关的截面造成多重碎裂的明显差别.     

Comparison ofβ-decay and Charge-exchange Reactions in Mirror T =2 Nuclei and Isospin Mixing

We have carried out β decay studies of proton rich nuclei in the fp shell at different laboratories.Here we present our recent results on the decay of Tz =-2 nuclei performed at GANIL and compare them with the Charge Exchange reactions on their stable, mirror-partner targets, performed at RCNP. In one of the cases, the 56Zn - 56Fe pair, a strong isospin mixing has been observed. The results are well reproduced in the framework of Shell Model calculations     

重离子碰撞中的同位旋效应

在量子分子动力学模型中考虑了同位旋依赖的对称能项和库仑相互作用项，讨论了对称能对２０Ｎｅ（３０ＭｅＶ／ｕ）＋２０Ｎｅ和２８Ｎｅ（３０ＭｅＶ／ｕ）＋２０Ｎｅ对头碰撞系统质量分布及集团形成的影响，预言了形成丰中子同位素的有利条件     

重离子碰撞中的同位旋效应

根据近年来利用同位旋相关输运理论在中能重离子碰撞同位旋效应研究方面的成果 ,并结合国际上在该问题上的进展 ,综合介绍和分析了中能重离子碰撞中的多重碎裂、原子核阻止和前平衡发射中子-质子比的同位旋效应及其随入射道条件:入射能量、碰撞参数、碰撞系统的质量 ,特别是随中子-质子比的演化过程.讨论了利用以上物理观测量在提取同位旋非对称核物质状态方程知识方面的可能性 ,并对其发展进行了展望. Based on the achievements for the intermediate energy heavy ion collision in our recent work and the progresses in the world, the isospin effects and the dependence of the entrance channel conditions on them in the intermediate energy heavy ion collisions were introduced, analysed and commended. From the calculation results by using isospin dependence quantum molecular dynamics, it is clear to see that the nuclear stopping power strongly depends on the in medium isospin dependence...     

密度分布对原子核阻止同位旋效应的影响

利用同位旋相关的量子分子动力学（IQMD）模型,分析了中能重离子碰撞过程中相对论平均场和SkyrmeHartrere－Fork等核结构模型给出的核密度分布对原子核阻止的影响。研究表明,从费米能到的较大能量范围内,无论小质量体系还是大质量体系,原子核阻止对同位旋相关的核子－核子碰撞截面都非常灵敏,而不同模型给出的核密度分布对原子核阻止影响不大,说明原子核阻止作为提取同位旋相关核子－核子碰撞截面的灵敏探针是与原子核结构模型无关的。 Influence of densitydistributionwhichisgivenbyRMFandSkyrme－Hartrere－Fork etalnuclearstructuremodelonnuclearstoppinginheavy－ioncollisionsatintermediateenergiesarestudiedbyusingisospin－dependentquantummoleculardynamics(IQMD)model.ResearchshowsthatrangeformtheFermienergytothelargerenergyof 100 Mev/u, for bothsmallandlargemasssystem,nuclearstoppingisfoundtobestronglydependentonthenucleon－nucleoncrosssections,andweaklyondifferentdensitydistribution.ThisshowsthatnuclearstoppingcanbeusedasaprobetoextracttheinformationontheisospindependenceN－Ncrosssectionsandhasnorelationshipwithnuclearstructuremodels.