Optical soliton with group delay in microring coupled-resonator optical waveguides

This paper derives the dispersion relation of microring coupled-resonator optical waveguides (CROWs) without any approximation by using the transfer matrix method. Based on the established dispersion relation of CROWs it obtains the slow group velocity and dispersion coefficient. It finds that the effect of dispersion on optical pulses can be adjusted to balance the effect of nonlinearity by changing coupling coefficient or loss, so optical soliton with group delay can be obtained in microring CROWs. The optical soliton with group delay is of great significance for applications of microring CROWs in delay lines and optical buffers of future all-optical communication systems.     

Quantum Discord in Optical Coherent States

We study the dynamics of quantum correlation of optical coherent-state qubits affected by the environment. It consists in sending these states via a decohering quantum channel. The states used as the support of the encoding information are affected by an amplitude damping channel. The quantum discord is one of type of quantum correlations between the qubits. The discord and its dynamics of two qubits in non-Markovian environments are evaluated.     

Fermionic Coherent States in Optical Lattice

We discuss the coherent state of an attractive superfluid Fermi gas. In order to explain the time evolution of the Fermi atomic gas in the optical lattice, we present mathematical relations for the autocorrelation function and first-order correlation function. The analytical results show a dependence of the oscillation time on the controlling parameters, which may be achieved experimentally.     

Optical crosstalk influence in fiber imaging endoscopes design

Medical endoscopy constitutes a basic and powerful medical tool for the development of minimally invasive procedures for a wide range of medical applications. Fiber endoscopes show a high flexibility, but are severely limited by optical crosstalk. Although they have been manufactured for decades, some of their quality limiting factors have not been exhaustively studied yet, and no design curves have been published so far. In this work, we apply a theoretical model for the study of coupling between multimode optical waveguides to the analysis of crosstalk influence in fiber imaging endoscopes. The fundamental equations and novel design curves will be obtained, enabling the adjustment of the fiber endoscope parameters in order to fulfill the quality requirements for a certain application.     

Optical broadband analog-digital conversion on the base of microring resonator

We propose the fast method of analog-digital conversion of optical signals by the use of waveguide ring resonators of micron size. The results of calculation are presented which allow optimization of the parameters of such optical analog-digital converter (ADC) for specific applications. Conversion operating speed of the ADC proposed is limited by the time of steady output signal establishing. For microresonator of 10 μm radius this time is about 10 ps. Analysis of the proposed optical method of analog-digital conversion shows that such optical ADC is capable to operate with the conversion frequency above 10⁹ counts/s in a broad spectral range. Optical loss in resonator reduces its switching time. However, the switching contrast also decreases. To keep the switching contrast constant it is necessary to increase discretization step of the analog signal power.     

A large bandwidth photonic delay line using passive cascaded silicon-on-insulator microring resonators

This paper investigated the design and the characterization of a photonic delay line based on passive cascaded silicon-on-insulator (SOI) microrings.We considered the compromise of group delay,bandwidth and insertion loss.A 3-stage double channel side-coupled integrated spaced sequence of resonator (SCISSOR) device was optimized by shifting the resonance of each microring and fabricated with electron beam lithography and dry etching.The group delay was measured to be 17 ps for non-return-to-zero signals at different bit rates and the bandwidth of 78 GHz was achieved.The experiment result agreed well with our simulation.     

Optical microfiber passive components

Optical microfiber waveguides with diameters close to the wavelength of light possess an intriguing combination of properties, such a tight modal confinement, tailorable dispersion, and high nonlinearity, which have been utilized in many passive applications. Here, the key fabrication techniques and optical properties of microfibers are introduced, followed by a discussion of the various passive microfiber devices and sensors. Applications exploiting their strong confinement are reviewed, including harmonic generation, supercontinuum sources, gratings, tips for optical trapping and intracellular sensing and subwavelength light sources, as well as devices based on large evanescent fields such as couplers, interferometers, optical manipulators, sensors, and resonators. Furthermore, the properties and practical intricacies of manufacturing various microfiber resonators are evaluated, with a focus on their applications in sensing ranging from temperature monitoring to current, pressure, refractive index and chemicals detection.     

望远镜干涉阵中光程调制的研究

提出了在单模光纤联接的望远镜干涉阵中通过拉伸红外单模光纤实现光程调制的方法。简要分析了该方法的机理及存在的问题，如偏振效应，色散等，用少模光纤和单模光纤分别代替马赫－陈德尔（Ｍａｃｈ－Ｚｅｈｎｄｅｒ）干涉仪的两个臂，并且其中一臂的光纤缠在直径为６ｃｍ的ＰＺＴ圆柱上，给ＰＺＴ圆柱施加三角皮电压后，首次得到干涉条纹，并证明了方法的可行性。     

PV型HgCdTe线阵探测器的光学串扰

针对MCT红外焦平面阵列器件普遍存在的光串扰问题进行研究,从器件内部结构上,建立了线阵器件理论计算模型,并基于载流子连续性方程,利用Comsol软件对光串扰的大小进行了数值定量计算,研究了不同探测器结构尺寸、温度和材料等参数对光串扰的影响;从器件外部结构上,利用几何光学,研究了外部光学结构对光串扰的影响。研究结果表明,器件内部的衬底外延层厚度与器件外部的真空层对光串扰的影响最大,为今后红外焦平面器件结构的改进提供了一定的理论指导。     

A novel accelerometer based on microring resonator

A novel microring resonator accelerometer is proposed. It is realized by a suspended straight waveguide coupled with a microring resonator. Under the external acceleration, the coupling coefficient is a function of gap spacing between the two waveguides. The mathematical model of the sensing element is established. Both the finite element method and coupled mode theory are adopted to analyze and optimize the proposed structure. Simulation results show that the mechanical sensitivity is 0.015 μm/g with the working frequency below 500 Hz and cross-axis sensitivity less than 0.001%, which is promising in seismic related applications.     

All-optical flip-flop composed of a single nonlinear passive microring coupled to two straight waveguides

Microrings can have different hysteresis characteristics at their different resonance frequencies. They can be used as a multi-hysteresis optical component. In this paper an optical D-flip-flop circuit composed of a single nonlinear passive microring coupled to two straight waveguide based on the Kerr effect is proposed. The proposed circuit can operate as an optical digital circuit which synchronizes input DATA with the CLOCK of the circuit. A simple analytical model for hysteresis design and the transient analysis of the proposed D-flip-flop are presented. According to our model, the switching time of the flip-flop is in the order of 10 ps.     

相干光反馈系统模拟解泊松方程

本文利用相干光反馈系统成功地实现了光学方法获取泊松方程的模拟解，其解函数能以图像的形式实时显示。它展示了相干光反馈系统的广泛应用前景。     

Coherent underwater communication using passive time reversal over multipath channels

Passive time reversal exploits underwater acoustic channels’ spatial and temporal diversity. It can refocus multipath propagated signal at the receiver and can be realized simply by the passive phase conjugation (PPC) method. By the temporal focusing, time delay spread caused by multipath propagation is mitigated for spectral efficient coherent communications. However, the PPC method is unable to eliminate multipath and is limited by channel variations. An adaptive equalizer is therefore needed to compensate residual multipath after refocusing and to track channel temporal variations. Spatial diversity is obtained by using a vertical receiving array. In this paper we used 4-hydrophone array and demonstrated that the adaptive decision feedback equalization in conjunction with PPC significantly decreased the bit error rate.     

Bright photon-pair source based on a silicon dual-Mach-Zehnder microring

Single photons and photon pairs are typically generated by spontaneous parametric down conversion or quantum dots;however,spontaneous four-wave mixing(SFWM)in silicon microring resonators[1]is also an appealing source of entangled photons,offering a strong cavity-enhanced nonlinear interactions while maintaining features,such as compact,simple to fabricate,and allowing for thermal tuning.However,silicon ring-resonators usually suffer from a trade-off between providing a high pair generation rate(PGR)and high extraction efficiency.To achieve high PGR,devices are generally operated with the signal and idler photons in the undercoupling regime and pump photons at the critical coupling point,while high extraction rates require the converted photons to be overcoupled.Therefore,the optimal conditions for achieving maximal output photon pair flux are critical coupling for the pump photons and overcoupling for the converted photons[2,3].     

All-optical set-reset flip-flop based on frequency bistability in semiconductor microring lasers

The electric field of the modes of semiconductor microring lasers (SMRLs) in the presence of bus waveguide reflections are linear combinations of the clock wise (CW) and the counter clock wise (CCW) electric fields. The mode structures can be controlled by the waveguide reflection coefficients. The power ratio and phase difference of the CW and CCW fields of one mode is proportional to the ratio of the reflection coefficients of the left and right waveguides. It is shown that the degenerate CW and CCW modes in the presence of bus waveguide reflections are split into two modes with different frequencies. Employing these new modes, SMRL can be used as an element to design flip-flops used in photonic integrated circuits. For a symmetric structure, the inter-frequencies of CW and CCW waves relating to each mode can be considered as the output of the optical flip-flop. Output of asymmetric mode is zero while the symmetric mode has a nonzero output.     

New Approaches in Broadband Fiber-Optical Interferometry for Optical Coherent Tomography

We have developed new methods of IR ultrabroadband interferometry for increasing the limiting capabilities of optical coherent tomography (OCT). In particular, this permitted us to create an optical coherent microscope combining the principles of confocal microscopy and OCT. To increase the longitudinal resolution, we synthesized an ultrabroadband optical spectrum based on two superluminescent diodes with separated radiation spectra. The resulting longitudinal resolution was 3.4 m and the transverse resolution was 3.9 m. Images of the inner structure of biological tissues are obtained at the cellular level. Experimental results of a study of biological tissue by the cross-polarization OCT are described.     

Minimum Channel Spacing in an OFDM CPFSK Optical Coherent System

Channel spacing in optical frequency-division multiplexed (OFDM) coherent optical systems with continuous-phase frequency-shift-keying (CPFSK) is obtained both theoretically and experimentally. The bit error ratio is derived taking into account the non-Gaussian interference statistics, expressed in terms of the Marcum Q-function, and the sensitivity penalty is reported as a function of the signal-to-interference ratio and the channel spacing for different IF filters. Laboratory demonstration of a state-of-the-art fully engineered two-channel 2.5 Gb s^-1 CPFSK coherent system at 1550 nm has been performed, showing an inter-channel crosstalk measurement in agreement with the theoretical analysis. A 0.1 nm channel spacing is experimentally confirmed.     

光学相干控制中脉冲光束等相面的实时测控

描述了飞秒脉冲基频光、倍频光光束位相差对相干控制光电流注入的控制作用,提出一种控制基频光、倍频光在全光孔径干涉光场内的等相面保持一致的实验方案,制作了一套相位差稳定自动控制系统,并应用于光学相干控制光电流实验中,获得较好的实时控制结果.     

Coherent averaging of the passive fathometer response using short correlation time

The passive fathometer algorithm was applied to data from two drifting array experiments in the Mediterranean, Boundary 2003 and 2004. The passive fathometer response was computed with correlation times from 0.34 to 90 s and, for correlation times less than a few seconds, the observed signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) agrees with a 1D model of SNR of the passive fathometer response in an ideal waveguide. In the 2004 experiment, the fathometer response showed the array depth varied periodically with an amplitude of 1 m and a period of 7 s consistent with wave driven motion of the array. This introduced a destructive interference, which prevents the SNR growing with increasing correlation time. A peak-tracking algorithm applied to the fathometer response of experimental data was used to remove this motion allowing the coherent passive fathometer response to be averaged over several minutes without destructive interference. Multirate adaptive beamforming, using 90 s correlation time to form adaptive steer vectors which were applied to 0.34 s data snapshots, increases the SNR of the passive fathometer response.     

基于相干光时域反射计的光纤温度传感测量

研究了基于相干光时域反射计的光纤传感技术,分析了基于相干光时域反射计的分布式温度传感机理.根据传感系统的组成和原理,建立了仿真模型,利用MATLAB对传感系统的性能进行了仿真与分析,结果表明基于相干光时域反射计的传感系统可以达到温度测量分辨率为0.01℃,空间分辨率为1m的性能指标.