Indeterministic Objects in the Category of Effect Algebras and the Passage to the Semiclassical Limit

We consider a category of effect algebras and formulate an abstract-hidden variables problem for an object of this category. A notion of indeterministic object is introduced as of an object which induces a Kochen–Specker-type contradiction. A sufficient condition for an object to be indeterministic is derived. An abstract algebraic point of view on a no-hidden variables example constructed by Mermin is given. The notion of a passage to the semiclassical limit is analyzed and refined.     

Influence of the Background Gas Pressure on the Expansion of the Arc-Cathode Plasma

Experimental evidence is presented for the effect of the background gas on the expansion of the metallic plasma cloud produced at the cathode spot of an arc (50 A, 25-300 ?s, 0-50 torr He) with or without an applied magnetic field (850 G). Streak and frame high-speed photography and electrostatic probes were used. It appears that the background gas is swept up by the expanding plasma slowing it down. A snow-plow model is derived which accounts satisfactorily for the results.     

A new approach to the calculation of the gain of an energy amplifier

A new view upon an energy amplifier (based on a subcritical reactor driven by an accelerator motivated source of neutrons) as a system united by the energy flow between the accelerator and the subcritical reactor is given in the paper. A new approach to the calculation of the gain of the energy amplifier using the neutron balance equation is also introduced. The expression for the gain obtained here is compared with an expression derived earlier [C. Rubbia et al.: Rep. ISC 93-31, ISC/P 57, CERN, 1993].     

Dependence of the temperature behaviour of the sputtering ratio on the channelled fraction of the ion beam

A method of calculation is presented for the yield of an electron excitation process by a channelled particle in a single encounter with an atomic row or plane in a crystal. It is shown that, if ψ is the initial angle between the ion trajectory and the row or plane, the number of inner-shell electrons excited is an increasing function of ψ whereas the number of outer electrons excited may decrease with increasing ψ.     

HL-2A 装置偏滤器改造的初步设计

根据HL- 2A 装置的结构特点, 提出了HL- 2A 装置偏滤器系统改造的基本方向。对HL- 2A 极向场线圈系统进行了优化设计, 计算了单零平衡位形, 进行了开放式偏滤器的结构设计, 并对新的偏滤器系统进行了热分析和结构分析。结果表明, 新的偏滤器系统新的偏滤器系统能够满足具有一定拉长比和三角形变的等离子体放电要求。     

Chronogeometry and the dyad method in the theory of relativity

A connection of the dyad method and chronogeometry is revealed which is based on the definition of distance by means of an observer's measurement of the time of emission and reception of a signal, propagating along isotropic geodesics and reflected from an observed subject. A number of examples of defining distance by a moving observer are considered. It is shown that the distance and time in chronogeometry defined between nearby points of a reference frame are equivalent to distance and time in the monad method of prescribing the reference frame.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 5, pp. 87–94, May, 1978.The author is grateful to A. A. Sokolov and Yu. S. Vladimirov for useful suggestions and discussion of the results.     

Republication of: On the physical significance of the Riemann tensor

This Golden Oldie is a reprinting of a paper by F. A. E. Pirani first published in 1956. It is accompanied by a reprinting of a paper by J. L. Synge first published in 1934. Together these papers pointed the way to the interpretation of geodesic deviation and its relation to the curvature tensor. These two Golden Oldies are accompanied by an Golden Oldie Editorial containing an editorial note written by A. Trautman, and by the biography of F. Pirani written by himself and commented by A. Trautman. An editorial note to this paper and a biography can be found in this issue preceding this Golden Oldie and online via doi:. Original paper: F. A. E. Pirani, Acta Physica Polonica 15, 389–405 (1956). Reprinted with the kind permission of the Editors of Acta Physica Polonica, and of Felix Pirani.     

Investigation of the fragmentation of 20Ne and 40Ar ions at the COMBAS setup

Properties of the COMBAS fragment separator are compared with respective properties of similar setups. Results of experiments aimed at obtaining products of one-proton-stripping reactions induced by a beam of ⁴⁰Ar ions with an energy of 35 MeV/A and two-neutron-stripping reactions induced by a beam of ²⁰Ne ions with an energy of 52 MeV/A are presented. A high resolution of the fragment separator in obtaining secondary neutron-rich ³⁹Cl and neutron-deficient ¹⁸Ne ion beams is demonstrated.     

Method of the ratio of envelopes of the reflection spectrum for measuring optical constants and thickness of thin films

A spectrophotometric method is proposed that uses the ratio of envelopes of minima and maxima of the interference reflection spectrum for measuring optical constants of a film on a substrate. Because this ratio does not contain the instrumental function of a spectrophotometer, there is no need in careful calibration of the spectrophotometer. In the case of a transparent isotropic film on an absorbing substrate, the inverse problem has an analytic solution. A simple method is proposed for numerical calculations of the optical constants and thickness of an absorbing film.     

On the state space of the dipole ghost

A particular representation of SO(4, 2) is identified with the state space of the free dipole ghost. This representation is then given an explicit realization as the solution space of a 4th-order wave equation on a spacetime locally isomorphic to Minkowski space. A discrete basis for this solution space is given, as well as an explicit expression for its SO(4, 2) invariant inner product. The connection between the modes of dipole field and those of the massless scalar field is clarified, and a recent conjecture concerning the restriction of the dipole representation to the Poincaré subgroup is confirmed. A particular coordinate transformation then reveals the theory of the dipole ghost in Minkowski space. Finally, it is shown that the solution space of the dipole equation is not unitarizable in a Poincaré invariant manner.     

Studying the Dielectric Properties of the Curcubituril Cavity on the Basis of the Solvatochromic Effect of Styryl Dye upon the Formation of an Inclusion Complex

Optics and Spectroscopy - A new approach to the theoretical evaluation of the local dielectric properties of media that contain an organic dye acting as a nanoprobe is proposed. The method is...     

重整势力学第二定律理论体系的一种新方法

利用理想气体可逆过程的规律来建立热力学第二定律的理论体系并无必要。本提出一种新的方法。     

On the influence of viscosity on the characteristic time of the instability of a charged drop

A nonlinear integral equation describing the evolution of spheroidal deformation of a drop that is unstable with respect to its intrinsic charge is derived and solved for arbitrary values of viscosity. It was shown that, due to an essentially nonlinear character of the phenomenon, the characteristic time of instability develop-ment equals the time of tenfold increase in the amplitude of an initial, physically infinitesimal spheroidal deformation of an unstable drop. The dependence of the instability characteristic time on the drop viscosity is described by an increasing linear function.     

Influence of Lanolin and White Soft Paraffin on the Determination of Vitamin a in Fats

Pharmaceutical interaction of the most frequently used substances with fats: lanolin, white soft paraffin and vitamin A palmitate was studied. The mixtures were examined by TLC with different ratios of lanolin and vitamin A palmitate, and white soft paraffin and vitamin A palmitate. Vitamin A in the mixtures was determined by the UV spectrophotometric method according to BP 93. It was established that the rise of lanolin concentration resulted in an increased apparent content of vitamin A in fats as a consequence of lanolin absorption at the wave length of maximum absorption of vitamin A. By an increase of white soft paraffin concentration, an apparent decreased in the content of vitamin A in fats was obtained. Therefore, the suggested UV spectrophotometric method for vitamin A determination has a limited application on fats with high content of lanolin and white soft paraffin.     

Application of the Block Element Method to the Problem of Predicting the Preparation of a Tsunami

Doklady Physics - A model of preparation of an initial ocean earthquake is created for vertical impacts on the ocean layer and lithospheric plates, and the conditions of tsunami generation are found.     

On the formalism of knock-out reactions

A different approach to knock-out reactions is presented. A new equation of a distorted wave theory is obtained as well as the ordinary DWTA equation. Also obtained is an exact formal solution for the distorted wave theory.     

The application of the matrix method of successive approximations to the calculation of the force constants of tetramethylmethane

A study is made of the applicability of the matrix method of successive approximations to the calculation of force constants under conditions of insufficient experimentally measured vibrational frequencies using as an example the molecule tetramethylmethane and its deuteron modifications. A solution is guaranteed by fixing some of the force constants in each approximation. A procedure is proposed for the selection of the force constants to be fixed, and the assignment of values to them. The force constants obtained in this way completely satisfactorily reproduce the experimental vibration frequencies.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii Fizika, No. 7, pp. 59–62, July, 1971.     

加深光学速调管自发辐射谱调制的研究

相干谐波储存环自由电子激光的相干增强因子正比于光学速调管自发辐射谱调制率的平方,加深光学速调管自发辐射谱的调制是相干谐波储存环自由电子激光研究的重要一环.介绍在中国科学技术大学800MeV电子储存环上所进行的加深光学速调管自发辐射谱调制的研究工作,调制率已从0.236提高到了0.80,为相干谐波产生实验奠定了基础.     

HL-2A 装置可见光诊断方法初探

等离子体H_α 径向分布的测量是等离子体实验中的重要内容。在HL- 2A 实验中, 等离子体成像系统中的CCD 图片记录了等离子体辐射信息, 特别是H_α  线辐射信息( 在相机前加H_α 滤光片) 。因为光测量是辐射的线积分, 数据的处理和分析显得十分必要的。利用等离子体可见光成像系统, 采用Abel 变换, 得到H_α  在HL- 2A 装置中的径向分布, 提供了一项可靠的测量手段。     

On a static axisymmetric solution of the Einstein equations

A family of static, axisymmetric, asymptotically flat solutions of the Einstein equations is discussed. A source with an exterior described by a member of this family initially could have an area smaller than that of a n appropriately defined Schwarzchild surface. Intuition does not suggest the fate of the collapsing source.