β-环糊精聚轮烷的合成及其细胞摄取行为的研究

以聚丙二醇-双[3,4,5-三(炔丙氧基)苯甲酰胺]为轴,以小体积的2-叠氮乙醇为封端剂通过水相炔-叠氮点击化学反应(Cu AAC)生成的多个三氮唑进行封端,合成了新型的β-环糊精聚轮烷.利用核磁氢谱和旋转坐标系欧沃豪斯增益谱对所合成的β-环糊精聚轮烷进行了结构表征.进一步通过聚轮烷上的羟基,在聚轮烷上依次共价连接了水溶性聚合物聚乙二醇和荧光分子FITC,对聚轮烷进行了亲水化改性和荧光标记,研究了改性后的聚轮烷的细胞毒性和细胞摄取行为,结果表明,改性后的聚轮烷具有良好的细胞相容性,并可通过胞吞的方式被细胞摄取.     

环糊精超分子水凝胶*

本文综述了近年来基于环糊精包合作用的超分子水凝胶的研究进展,主要包括：环糊精与线性、星型、接枝、超支化聚合物包合形成的多聚(准)轮烷自组装制备超分子物理凝胶及功能化多聚(准)轮烷经交联反应制备超分子化学凝胶;环糊精、环糊精二聚体及其水溶性聚合物与带疏水性侧基的聚合物经“锁-钥匙”包合作用形成超分子物理凝胶;及其在药物、基因释放载体与组织工程支架中的应用。着重介绍了剪切、温度、pH值、光等刺激-响应性超分子水凝胶的设计与制备。     

利用可逆共价键PH响应性制备聚轮烷

合成了具有可逆酰腙键的2,4-二硝基苯甲醛封端的哑铃型聚乙二醇衍生物. 在60 ℃时将水溶液的pH值调节至酸性, 哑铃型聚合物上的酰腙键发生可逆的“断开”和“生成”. 在这个可逆过程中, 溶液中的α-环糊精逐步与聚乙二醇内含复合. 由于环糊精具有较强疏水作用的内部空腔, 可以与聚乙二醇形成稳定的内含结晶复合物, 在这种超分子作用力下, 哑铃型聚乙二醇衍生物的分子链上会动态地穿入更多的α-环糊精, 最终形成聚轮烷. 综合液体核磁共振、粉末X射线衍射、固体碳-13交叉极化/魔角自旋核磁共振及差示扫描量热分析结果证明, 这种利用可逆共价键pH响应性制备聚轮烷的方法是可行的. 与传统的聚轮烷制备方法不同, 这种利用动态的可逆共价键制备聚轮烷的方法并不需要预先合成准(聚)轮烷.     

含两个识别点的侧链准聚轮烷的制备

合成了侧链含烷基链(C₇)及偶氮基团(Azo)两个疏水基团修饰的聚合物4,并基于环糊精与两个疏水基团C₇、Azo的不同结合能力,制备了含两个识别点的侧链准聚轮烷.首先,在聚合物4的溶液中加入α-环糊精(α-CD),α-CD分别包结在C₇及Azo部分,得到了侧链准聚轮烷;第二步,在365 nm的紫外光光照下,聚合物4侧链端基的trans-Azo异构为cis-Azo,α-CD从Azo部分解离,但α-CD仍包结在C₇部分,得到了侧链聚轮烷;第三步,在侧链聚轮烷溶液中加入β-环糊精(β-CD),β-CD包结在cis-Azo部分,得到了α-CD、β-CD分别包结两个疏水识别点的侧链准聚轮烷.     

α-环糊精准轮烷/N-异丙基丙烯酰胺交联共聚温敏型超分子结构水凝胶的制备与表征

采用一锅法合成了甲基丙烯酰基封端的聚乳酸-聚乙二醇-聚孔酸(PLA-PEG-PLA)三嵌段大分子单体,然后再通过与α-环糊精进行超分子自组装,得到聚准轮烷.将制备的聚准轮烷悬浮在N-异丙基丙烯酰胺水溶液中,再加入适量的光引发剂,在紫外光的照射下,溶液快速固化,得到了具有超分子结构的温敏型凝胶体.采用FTIR、TG、XRD等分析手段对所得聚准轮烷及其水凝胶进行了表征.     

基于环糊精的(准)聚轮烷研究进展

环糊精聚轮烷作为超分子化学的重要成员由于可潜在应用于分子机器、组织工程支架、人体生物传感器及药物控制释放载体等智能生物材料已成为国际化学及高分子科学的一个热点.本文介绍了基于环糊精的(准)聚轮烷最新研究进展,包括(准)聚轮烷合成新方法,聚轮烷的多种类型(如嵌段型、金属软连接型、星形、pH敏感型、侧链型、聚轮烷聚集体等),以及(准)聚轮烷形成机理研究,并进一步探讨了该领域的研究前景及有待解决的问题.     

环糊精相关的超分子自组装最新进展

对基于环糊精的超分子自组装的最新研究进展作了综述.详细介绍了环糊精为轮、高分子为轴的聚轮烷的制备及其修饰的方法,同时还介绍了无高分子参与的环糊精的超分子自组装高分子化合物的制备.并且对这些超分子在智能材料、生物医药和聚合催化等方面的应用进行了介绍.     

Design and Synthesis of a-Cyclodextrin Modified Coumarin

以环氧氯丙烷为桥接,利用水溶性α-环糊精（α-CD）进行7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素的功能化修饰,得到新型α-环糊精修饰型香豆素衍生物（α-CD-C）.用傅里叶变换红外（FT-IR）光谱、氢核磁共振（1H NMR）、液质联用（LC-MS）等对该香豆素衍生物进行了结构表征.紫外光二聚实验表明,该α-环糊精修饰型香豆素可在365 nm光照下进行光二聚反应,且可在随后的254 nm光照下进行解二聚反应;同时通过比较该交替光照下的光二聚反应程度,可知该光二聚反应仅是部分可逆的.     

α-环糊精修饰型香豆素的设计合成

以环氧氯丙烷为桥接,利用水溶性α-环糊精(α-CD)进行7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素的功能化修饰,得到新型α-环糊精修饰型香豆素衍生物(α-CD-C).用傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱、氢核磁共振(1H NMR)、液质联用(LC-MS)等对该香豆素衍生物进行了结构表征.紫外光二聚实验表明,该α-环糊精修饰型香豆素可在365 nm光照下进行光二聚反应,且可在随后的254 nm光照下进行解二聚反应;同时通过比较该交替光照下的光二聚反应程度,可知该光二聚反应仅是部分可逆的.     

环糊精功能化单体制备的研究现状

环糊精聚合物是含有多个环糊精单元的高分子衍生物,兼具环糊精和高聚物二者良好的性能,在分子识别、分离分析技术、生物医学工程、环境等领域得到广泛的应用。环糊精聚合物的合成得到广泛关注,将环糊精单体功能化是制备环糊精聚合物的关键步骤。本文综述了β-环糊精单体功能化的几种制备方法,包括将环糊精修饰成带高反应活性的官能团、修饰成含乙烯基环糊精单体以及多取代官能团环糊精单体等。     

Preparation of polymer brushes on attapulgite surfaces via a combination of CROP and click reaction

<正>In this work,by a combination of controlled ring-opening polymerization(CROP) and click reaction,we reported a facile and useful method to synthesize linear poly(ε-caprolactone) at attapulgite nanocomposites with well-defined structures.For this,first, the chlorine terminated attapulgite was prepared by the self-assembly of 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysiIane from the surfaces of attapulgite.And then,the terminal chlorines of modified attapulgite were substituted with azido groups.As the second step,linear propargyl-terminated poly(ε-caprolactone)(PCLs) with different molecular weights were synthesized by the CROP ofε-CL monomer in toluene with Sn(Oct)_2 as a catalyst and propargyl alcohol as an initiator.Finally,the azido-terminated attapulgites were reacted with propargyl-terminated PCLs via the click reactions.     

An Efficient Approach for the Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triazole Moiety to Generate Uracil Molecular Architectures Through Cu‐Catalyzed Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition

A simple and efficient pathway to tether conjugates of monosaccharides or aromatic moieties to uracil establishing a 1,2,3‐triazole linker via click chemistry was reported. The reaction of arylimines of 5‐amino uracil with propargyl bromide in a basic medium gave a di‐propargylated uracil. The latter compound was converted into molecular architectures containing bis‐1,2,3‐triazole rings through Cu‐catalyzed 1,3‐cycloaddition reaction with different azides. The same arylimine of 5‐amino uracil yielded different products under reflux with propargyl bromide in acetonitril with the majority to 6‐propargylated‐5‐amino uracil.     

A convenient method for constructing novel tetrahydropyrido[4′,3′:4,5]thieno[2,3-d]-pyrimidinones-carbohydrate and amino acid conjugates via copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide ‘Click Chemistry’

Novel conjugates of tetrahydropyridothienopyrimidones and carbohydrates or amino acids linked by 1,2,3-triazoles were synthesized. After establishing the tetrahydropyridothienopyrimidones ring system by ring closure, propargyl groups were introduced by N-alkylation. Cu-catalyzed cycloaddition of the propargyl products with azido group containing hexoses or amino acids gives the corresponding 1,2,3-triazoles in high yields. This methodology also allowed attaching two carbohydrate molecules to the tetrahydropyridothienopyrimidone core. Interesting dependence of the regioselectivity of the N-propargylation of the pyrimidone ring on the exocyclic substituent found adjacent to the pyrimidine-N-atom was observed. A remarkable case of a non-catalyzed intramolecular [3+2]-cycloaddition of an alkyne with an azide to a 1,2,3-triazole was observed, which occurred in the solid state at rt or below.     

ATRP与点击化学相结合制备环状聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯

利用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)与点击反应相结合制备环状聚合物. 根据ATRP原理, 用含端炔的有机卤化物作为引发剂时, 产物的一端为炔基, 另一端则为卤素原子, 而卤素原子本身可作为叠氮化物的原料, 从而可利用点击反应使聚合物成环.     

Functionalized random copolymers from versatile one‐pot click chemistry/ATRP tandems approaches

Two complementary tandem strategies based on the one‐pot combination of click chemistry and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) are studied. Initially, functionalized random copolymers are obtained by copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and propargyl methacrylate simultaneously to the click chemistry coupling of a monofunctional azide. Then, an approach based on the copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and 11‐azido‐undecanoyl methacrylate simultaneously to the click chemistry coupling of a monofunctional alkyne is also investigated. For both the approach, polymerization and click chemistry coupling are catalyzed by CuBr and bipyridine (Bipy) in diphenylether at 90 °C. The [Bipy]/[CuBr] ratio is varied from 2 to 25 and the ratio of functionalized comonomer from 20 to 70 mol %. Both the tandem strategies proceed with good yields (50–80%) and allow a good control over the characteristics of the resulting random copolymers and macromolecular brushes (M_n ～ 15,000–40,000 g/mol and PDI ～ 1.3–2.0) as well as quantitative click functionalization as characterized by ¹H NMR and size exclusion chromatography analyses. Although the click process is generally completed at the early stage of the process, the rate of polymerization depends on the amount of bipyridine involved. It was found that extending most of the polymerization process out of the click reaction regime results in a better control of the polymerization, preventing the significant occurrence of side reactions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 3803–3813, 2009     

Synthesis of well-defined azido and amino end-functionalized polystyrene by atom transfer radical polymerization

Mono and difunctional polystyrenes containing active halogenated end groups were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Substitution reactions were explored to convert the halogen termini to azido groups, followed by readuction to form the amino functional polymer. Quantitative conversion of the end groups was observed in each transformation reaction. ¹H NMR demonstrated the formation of the azide from the bromide functionality without elimination. The difunctional α,ω-diaminopolystyrene was reacted with terephthaloyl chloride in a condensation process to produce chain-extended polystyrene containing amide bonds along the polymer backbone.     

Cyclic poly(ε‐caprolactone) synthesized by combination of ring‐opening polymerization with ring‐closing metathesis,ring closing enyne metathesis,or “click” reaction

This article described the synthesis of cyclic poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) via ring‐closing metathesis (RCM), ring closing enyne metathesis (RCEM), and “click” reaction of different difunctional linear PCL. Linear PCL precursors were prepared by ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of ε‐caprolactone in bulk using 10‐undecen‐1‐ol or propargyl alcohol as the initiator, followed by reacting with corresponding acyl chloride containing vinyl or azido end group. The subsequent end‐to‐end intramolecular coupling reactions were performed under high dilution conditions. The successful transformation of linear PCL precursor to cyclic PCL was confirmed by Gel permeation chromatography, ¹H NMR, and Fourier transform infrared measurements. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 3022–3033, 2009     

Preparation of poly(ε-caprolactone)@attapulgite nanocomposites via a combination of controlled ring-opening polymerization and click chemistry

In this work, by a combination of controlled ring-opening polymerization (CROP) and click chemistry, we report a facile and useful method to synthesize linear poly(ε-caprolactone)@attapulgite nanocomposites with well-defined structures. For this, first, the chlorine-terminated attapulgite was prepared by the self-assembly of 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane from the surfaces of attapulgite. And then, the terminal chlorines of modified attapulgite were substituted with azido groups. As the second step, linear propargyl-terminated poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCLs) with different molecular weights were synthesized by the CROP of ε-CL monomer in toluene with stannous octoate as a catalyst and propargyl alcohol as an initiator. The structural characteristics of the obtained linear PCLs have been determined by ¹H NMR and gel permeation chromatography analysis. Finally, the azido-terminated attapulgite was reacted with propargyl-terminated PCLs via the click reaction.     

Regioselective Deprotection and Acylation of Penta-N-Protected Thermopentamine

The synthesis of the penta-N-protected polyamide 1 (tert-butyl N-{9-allyl-16-azido-13-(trifluoroacetyl)-4-[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylsulfonyl]-4,9,13-triazahexadecyl]carbamate=tert-butyl N-{3-{{4-{allyl{3-[(3-azidopropyl)(trifluoroacetyl)aminopropyl}amino}butyl}{[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl]sulfonyl}amino}propyl}carbamate) is described, a derivative of thermopentamine (PA 3433) containing five independently removable amino-protecting groups. The selective deprotection of the five protecting groups used, i.e., of allyl, azido, (tert-butoxy)carbonyl (Boc), trifluoroacetyl, and [2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl]sulfonyl (SES), as well as the rapid transamidation reaction of the trifluoroacetyl group yielding secondary amides is discussed. Subsequent acylation with 4-methoxycinnamoyl chloride at each N-atom of the pentamine backbone is achieved. For the acylation of the terminal N-atom the azido group is replaced by a (2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl (Tcboc) group.     

Divergent synthesis of dendrimer‐like macromolecules through a combination of atom transfer radical polymerization and click reaction

This article describes a divergent strategy to prepare dendrimer‐like macromolecules from vinyl monomers through a combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and click reaction. Firstly, star‐shaped polystyrene (PS) with three arms was prepared through ATRP of styrene starting from a three‐arm initiator. Next, the terminal bromides of the star‐shaped PS were substituted with azido groups. Afterwards, the azido‐terminated star‐shaped PS was reacted with propargyl 2,2‐bis((2′‐bromo‐2′‐methylpropanoyloxy)methyl)propionate (PBMP) via click reaction. Star‐shaped PS with six terminal bromide groups was afforded and served as the initiator for the polymerization of styrene to afford the second‐generation dendrimer‐like PS. Iterative process of the aforementioned sequence of reactions could allow the preparation of the third‐generation dendrimer‐like PS. When the second‐generation dendrimer‐like PS with 12 bromide groups used as an initiator for the polymerization of tert‐butyl acrylate, the third‐generation dendrimer‐like block copolymer with a PS core and a poly (tert‐butyl acrylate) (PtBA) corona was afforded. Subsequently PtBA segments were selectively hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid, resulting an amphiphilic branched copolymer with inner dendritic PS and outer linear poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). Following the same polymerization procedures, the dendrimer‐like PS and PS‐block‐PtBA copolymers of second generation originating from six‐arm initiator were also synthesized. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3330–3341, 2007