气相色谱-质谱法对鲜水果中5种保鲜剂残留量的同时测定

建立了气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)同时测定鲜水果中对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、乙萘酚、4-苯基苯酚和联苯醚5种保鲜剂的分析方法。鲜水果样品经乙醚超声提取、浓缩后,活性炭柱净化,选择离子模式(SIM)下测定,外标法定量。在优化条件下,5种保鲜剂的线性范围为0.2～4.0 mg/L,相关系数(r2)大于0.991,联苯醚的检出限为0.05 mg/kg,其余4种保鲜剂的检出限均为0.1 mg/kg。5种保鲜剂的加标回收率为80.4%～104.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.2%～6.4%。该方法简便、快速、试剂价廉易得,且能消除鲜水果样品中色素等杂质的干扰,具有较高的准确度和精密度,适用于鲜水果中上述5种防腐保鲜剂残留量的测定。     

QuEChERS净化-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定柑橘中7种保鲜剂的残留量

提出了同时测定柑橘中多菌灵、2,4-滴、咪鲜胺、抑霉唑、噻菌灵、嘧霉胺、甲基硫菌灵等7种保鲜剂残留量的QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联四极杆质谱法。用5%(φ)甲酸-乙腈溶液提取样品中的保鲜剂后加入盐析剂分层,上清液放入盛有无水硫酸镁、N-丙基乙二胺吸附剂(PSA)、C18吸附剂的净化管中净化,采用Hypersil Gold C18色谱柱,以不同比例的0.15%(φ)甲酸溶液和乙腈组成的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。以电喷雾离子源正负离子切换多反应监测(MRM)模式进行质谱分析。7种保鲜剂的线性范围均在2.00~100μg·L~(-1)之间,测定下限(10S/N)为0.02~1.2μg·kg~(-1)。1.00,5.00,40.0μg·kg-1等3个添加水平的回收率在80.5%~120%之间,相对标准偏差(n=8)在2.8%~9.7%之间。     

固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定水果中9种菊酯农药残留量

采用固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定水果中9种菊酯农药的残留量。水果样品经丙酮-水(5+1)混合液匀质提取,二氯甲烷萃取,石墨碳柱净化。在气相色谱分离中用DB-5毛细管色谱柱为固定相,在质谱分析中采用选择离子监测模式。9种菊酯农药的质量浓度均在0.1~5mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.000 6~0.01mg·kg-1之间。方法用于水果样品的分析,加标回收率在75.0%~106%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在1.6%~4.2%之间。     

高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中4种禁用醛酮化合物

建立了同时测定化妆品中4种禁用醛酮化合物(巴豆醛、苯乙酮、2,4-二羟基-3-甲基苯甲醛和2-亚戊基环己酮)的高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析方法。样品使用50%乙腈(体积比)溶液提取,经AQ-C18(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm)色谱柱分离后,高效液相色谱/二极管阵列检测器检测,以保留时间和紫外吸收光谱定性,外标法定量,高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱法确证。结果表明,4种醛酮化合物在0.05~2.0 mg/L质量浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均不小于0.999 9;方法检出限和定量下限分别为0.5~1.0 mg/kg和1.5~3.0 mg/kg。样品加标回收率为89.0%~106.7%,相对标准偏差(RSDs,n=6)为2.0%~6.9%。该方法准确可靠,适用于化妆品中4种禁用醛酮化合物的测定。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定香蕉中咪鲜胺及2,4,6-三氯苯酚残留量

提出了固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定香蕉中咪鲜胺及2,4,6-三氯苯酚残留量的方法。香蕉样品经乙酸-乙腈(2+98)混合液提取,用基质分散固相萃取净化。以Agilent Eclipse AAA色谱柱为分离柱对所得净化液进行分离,以不同体积比的水和乙腈混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾正、负离子源多反应监测模式检测。咪鲜胺和2,4,6-三氯苯酚的线性范围分别为0.05~100mg·L-1和2.5~200mg·L-1,检出限(3S/N)分别为0.02,1.5μg·kg-1。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,测得咪鲜胺和2,4,6-三氯苯酚的回收率分别在90.3%~106%和85.5%~101%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)分别在3.3%~8.5%和3.6%~9.6%之间。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定水果中氯吡脲残留量

应用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定水果中的氯吡脲残留量。水果样品经乙腈均质提取,以N-丙基乙二胺、C18和无水硫酸镁作吸附剂净化。所得净化液以C18色谱柱为分离柱,以不同体积比混合的甲醇和5mmol·L-1乙酸铵溶液为流动相梯度洗脱进行分离,采用电喷雾正离子源多反应监测模式检测。氯吡脲的质量浓度在0.005~0.200mg·L-1范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)为1.0μg·kg-1。在0.01,0.05,0.10mg·L-1 3个浓度水平进行加标回收试验,回收率在86.4%~106%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在3.2%~9.5%之间。     

UPLC–MS–MS同时测定人参中4种植物生长调节剂残留量

建立超高效液相色谱–串联质谱法测定人参中4种植物生长调节剂残留的方法。样品以50%乙腈溶液室温振荡提取30 min,并采用分散固相萃取(DSPE)法净化,其中每毫升提取液加入50 mg C_(18)吸附剂,在优化后的仪器条件下进行测定。2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸、矮壮素、赤霉素、乙烯利分别在10~500,0.5~250,5~500,200~5 000μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数r~20.99,检出限分别为7.5,0.4,4.0,150.0μg/kg,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.05%~14.77%(n=6),加标回收率为69.6%~97.4%。该方法样品处理简单快速,检出限低,准确度和精密度高,适合于人参中2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸、矮壮素、赤霉素和乙烯利4种植物生长调节剂残留量的测定。     

固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定水果中5种植物生长调节剂残留量

建立了固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定水果中6-苄基腺嘌呤(6-BA)、噻苯隆、氯吡脲、多效唑和烯效唑5种植物生长调节剂残留量的分析方法。水果样品经乙腈提取,NH2固相萃取小柱进行富集、净化,以二氯甲烷-甲醇(92∶8)为洗脱溶液,浓缩定容后,用Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱分离,流速0.3 m L/min,以水-甲醇为流动相梯度洗脱,于UPLC-MS/MS仪多反应监测(MRM)模式测定,基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。结果表明,5种植物生长调节剂在5~500 ng/m L浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r2)为0.996 1~0.999 6。在0.004,0.02,0.1 mg/kg加标水平下,方法的回收率为75.6%~110.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.2%~12.8%,方法检出限(LOD,S/N≥3)为0.001~0.002 mg/kg,定量下限(LOQ,S/N≥10)为0.003~0.006 mg/kg。该方法操作简便、灵敏度高、准确可靠,适用于水果中5种植物生长调节剂残留量的同时测定。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定大蒜中40种农药残留

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定大蒜中40种农药的残留量。样品经磷酸酸化的乙腈提取后,采用QuEChERS方法净化,净化液采用Waters HSS T3C_(18)色谱柱分离,以甲酸-氨水-水(0.01+0.05+99.94)混合溶液和甲醇的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱中选择电喷雾电离源和多反应监测模式。40种农药的质量浓度均在5.0~400μg·L~(-1)范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)在0.1~5μg·kg~(-1)之间。加标回收率在70.1%~129%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.6%~9.3%之间。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定果蔬中异菌脲残留量

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定果蔬中异菌脲残留量的方法。样品用乙腈提取,C18固相萃取柱净化,甲醇-水(70:30,V/V)为流动相,经C18液相色谱柱分离,DAD紫外检测器(218 nm)检测。结果表明:异菌脲在0.1~2.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好(R2=0.9998),方法定量限(以S/N=10计)为0.05 mg/kg,在0.05,0.1,0.5 mg/kg添加水平下的加标回收率范围为81.3%~98.3%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为3.9%~8.9%。方法适用于大多数水果、蔬菜中异菌脲残留量的测定。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。