2,3-二氰基-2,3-二苯基丁酸二乙酯引发苯乙烯的本体 聚合反应

在70～90℃对标题化合物外消旋异构体引发的苯乙烯本体聚合反应进行了研究,并与内消旋异构体、过氧化二苯甲酰和偶氮二异丁腈进行比较。结果表明,在本反应条件下,上述四种引发剂均能使聚合物分子量随反应时间的延续而增大,但C－C键引发剂对聚合物分子量及其链增长的影响远大于BPO和AIBN,这一现象应与α－氰基-α-乙氧甲酰基苄基自由基的结构特点有关。     

2,3-二氰基-2,3-二(p—X苯基)丁二酸二乙酯类碳—碳键型引发剂

合成了2,3-二氰基-2,3-二(p—X苯基)丁二酸二乙酯(X=OCH_3,CH_3,Cl,H和NO_2),分离出它们的meso-和dl-异构体,分别对这些异构体的分子结构和构型进行了鉴定,测定了它们分子的中心C—C键均裂反应动力学及其对苯乙烯等的引发作用。     

内消旋和外消旋2,3-二氰基-2,3-二苯基丁二酸二乙酯对苯乙烯聚合反应的影响

测定了题目化合物立体异构体在80℃和90℃引发苯乙烯的自由基聚合反应。在相同条件下, 较活泼的meso-体为引发剂时, 聚合速率大, 产物分子量小; 而较稳定的dl-体则聚合速率小, 产物分子量大。且在所有反应条件下分子量均随反应时间增长。研究结果认为它们不同的聚合性能主要与异构体热分解速率对聚合动力学的影响有关。     

内消旋和外消旋2,3-二氰基-2,3-二苯基丁二酸二乙酯对苯乙烯聚合反应的影响

测定了题目化合物立体异构体在80℃和90℃引发苯乙烯的自由基聚合反应.在相同条件下,较活泼的meso-体为引发剂时,聚合速率大,产物分子量小;而较稳定的dl-体则聚合速率小,产物分子量大.且在所有反应条件下分子量均随反应时间增长.研究结果认为它们不同的聚合性能主要与异构体热分解速率对聚合动力学的影响有关.     

碳-碳键引发剂23-二氰基-23-二苯基丁二酸二异丁酯的合成、结构及引发性能研究

合成了具有较大空间位阻的碳-碳键型引发剂23-二氰基-23-二苯基丁二酸二异丁酯,测定了其分子结构,其中心碳-碳键长达0.1592nm.对其引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯进行自由基聚合的研究结果表明,聚合物分子量随反应时间的延长而逐步增大,而聚合物分子量分布则逐渐变小.聚合反应按照自由基“活性”聚合反应历程进行.     

2,3-二氰基-2,3-二(对-硝基苯基)丁二酸二乙酯的分子结构和晶体结构

我们曾报导了2,3-二氰基-2,3-二苯基丁二酸二乙酯的分子结构,并对该化合物对烯烃单体进行自由基聚合的引发作用,热分解动力学和固态变温ESR谱等进行了研究。为了进一步探讨这类新型引发剂的结构与性能间的关系,我们继续用X射线衍射方法研究了2,3-二氰基-2,3-二(对-硝基苯基)丁二酸二乙酯的两种异构体1和2的分子结构和晶体结构。并讨论了分子中空间立体效应和电子效应对该化合物稳定性的影响。实验异构体1从乙酸乙酯和四氯化碳(9∶1,V/V)混合溶剂中重结晶,在空气中基本稳定。     

乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯-α-烯烃三元共聚物

以乙烯、醋酸乙烯酯和α-烯烃为原料,以偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,通过高压本体聚合制备三元聚合物.考察了聚合条件对共聚物数均分子量和醋酸乙酯(VA)质量分数的影响.结果表明:在引发剂用量为1.1g,反应压力为6 MPa,反应温度95℃,醋酸乙烯酯和α-烯烃的质量比为2:1的条件下能得到数均分子量为8 600和VA质量分数为0.35的产物.实验证明该产物性能优良,可作为蜡的添加剂.     

meso-和dl-2.3-二氰基-2,3-二(p-取代苯基)丁二酸二乙酯的红外光谱

meso-和dl-2.3-二氰基-2,3-二(p-X取代苯基)丁二酸二乙酯(X=OCH_3,CH_3,H,Cl和NO_2),除X为NO_2以外,都是乙烯基单体自由基聚合反应的有效引发剂。这些异构体分别在苯乙烯中的热分解动力学研究结果表明,meso-异构体的中心C-C键均裂活性大于相应dl-异构体的活性。为了用IR谱来     

ATRP技术制备末端和中间功能化的温度敏感性聚N,N-二乙基丙烯酰胺

合成了2种含有二硫吡啶结构的原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)引发剂,ATRP引发剂结构采用核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)表征.结果显示,二硫吡啶结构被成功引入引发剂结构末端或链中间.利用2种ATRP引发剂分别制备了链末端功能化和链中间功能化的聚N,N-二乙基丙烯酰胺(pDEAAm).采用1H-NMR和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对聚合物结构和分子量进行了表征.1H-NMR结果显示,二硫吡啶基团被引入聚合物链末端或中间.GPC结果表明,末端功能化和中间功能化的聚N,N-二乙基丙烯酰胺(pDEAAm)分子量分布指数分别为1.21和1.23,实现了分子量的可控聚合.并且,具有2个引发位点的引发剂引发单体得到聚合物的分子量较大.采用紫外-可见分光光度法研究了聚合物在溶液中的温度响应性.紫外-可见分光光度法结果说明,pDEAAm溶液在28°C发生相分离,在溶液中表现出温度响应性,且最低临界溶解温度(LCST)为28°C.在末端功能化和中间功能化温敏型pDEAAm可用于嵌段共聚物的合成以及与生物大分子的定位结合.特别对于中间功能化的pDEAAm,有望用于星型聚合物和多臂聚合物的设计和制备.     

N-叔丁基-α-苯基硝酸酮调控氯乙烯悬浮聚合

以过氧化新癸酸α-异丙苯酯(Lup188)作为引发剂,聚乙烯醇(PVA)和羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)作为复合分散剂,加入N-叔丁基-α-苯基硝酸酮(PBN)用氮氧自由基在40～70℃下调控氯乙烯(VC)悬浮聚合.PBN能有效控制聚氯乙烯链增长,聚合后期无自加速现象,体现出可控/"活性"自由基聚合的特点.用重量法测定转化率、GPC测定聚合物分子量与分布,研究了引发剂用量、PBN用量以及聚合温度对聚合动力学和聚合物分子量及分布的影响.得到该聚合体系下VC、Lup188、PBN的最佳摩尔配比为10000∶7∶1,最佳聚合温度为50℃,将转化率控制在50%以下时,能得到较窄分子量分布的聚氯乙烯产物.     

Alternating copolymers of styrene with tricyanoethylene and ethyl 2,3-dicyanoacrylate

Ethyl 2,3-dicyanoacrylate was prepared from ethyl 2,3-dicyanopropionate. High molecular weight, 1:1 alternating copolymers of styrene with tricyanoethylene and ethyl 2,3-dicyanoacrylate were prepared by bulk polymerization with the use of free-radical initiators. Solution polymerization of styrene with ethyl 2,3-dicyanoacrylate in acetonitrile gave the highest molecular weight copolymer (η_inh = 0.74). The copolymers showed unusual thermal properties, i.e., an initial break that was 50–75°C lower than that of polystyrene followed by the formation of an intermediate product that was fairly stable to approximately 500°C.     

Crystal Structure of Diethyl [2,3-Di(Ethoxycarbonyl)-2,3-di(p-nitrophenyl)] Succinate

Controlled free radical polymerization (CFRP) is an effective means to synthesize polymers of predetermined molecular weight, narrow molecule weight distribution and well-defined architecture. One of the most important milestones in the development of CFRP was the discovery of the iniferter (initiation-transfer-termination) reactions1. Iniferter avoi- ds ordinary bimolecular termination and undergoes initiation, chain tran- sfer to the initiator, and primary radical termination, so it may…     

Rare Earth Complex Initiated Ring-Opening Polymerization of 2,2-Dimethyltrimethylene Carbonate

Aliphatic polycarbonate is a series of useful biodegradable materials attracting more interests recently. Poly(2,2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate) (polyDTC) has been studied for a long time. Polymerization of DTC can be catalyzed by alkyl metals1, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and its esters2, alcohol/methylaluminum diphenolate system3 and etc. Herein tris(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxo) lanthanides (Ln(OAr)3, Ln=La, Nd) are firstly applied to initiate the polymerization of DTC. Ln(O…     

本体溶液法合成超高分子量聚苯乙烯

对２，３－二氰基－２，３－二苯基丁二酸二乙酯引发苯乙烯本体溶液聚合，合成超高分子量聚苯乙烯的宏观动力学进行了研究。结果表明，这种引发剂在苯乙烯中引发聚合性能温和，在一定条件下，随反应时间的增长，聚合产物的分子量不断增高，可形成超高分子量聚合物。     

环状三过氧烷引发剂热分解和引发苯乙烯聚合

用气相色谱质谱联用仪 (GC MS) ,分析新型环状三过氧基团引发剂 (3,6 ,9 triethyl 3,6 ,9 trimethyl 1,4 ,7 triperoxonane ,简称TETMTPA)在乙苯和苯中的分解产物 .根据产物的分子结构 ,提出了涉及氧氧、碳碳和碳氧断键的分解机理 ;考察该引发剂引发苯乙烯本体聚合的速率和分子量 ,并与单过氧基团的过氧化二特丁基引发和热引发进行比较 ,发现用TETMTPA可以使分子量增加 ,对形成高分子量聚苯乙烯的原因作了解释 ;通过差示扫描量热仪 (DSC)和核磁共振仪 (NMR)聚合产物进行分析 ,验证了所提出的TETMTPA引发机理     

“Living” radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate with diethyl 2,3-dicyano-2,3-diphenylsuccinate as a thermal iniferter

The bulk polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) initiated with diethyl 2,3-dicyano-2,3-diphenylsuccinate (DCDPS) was studied. This polymerization showed some “living” characteristics; that is, both the yield and the molecular weight of the resulting polymers increased with reaction time, and the resultant polymer can be extended by adding MMA. The molecular weight distribution of PMMA obtained at high conversion is fairly narrow (M_w/M_n = 1.24≈1.34). It was confirmed that DCDPS can serve as a thermal iniferter for MMA polymerization by a “living” radical mechanism. Furthermore, the PMMA obtained can act as a macroinitiator for radical polymerization of styrene (St) to give a block copolymer. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 4610–4615, 1999     

The Radiation Polymerization of 4-Methyl-1-pentene, 2-Methyl-1-butene,and 2,3-Dimethyl-1-butene under Conditions of Extreme Dryness

The γ-ray initiated polymerization of 4-methyl-1-pentene, 2-methyl-1-butene, and 2,3-dimethyl-1-butene has been studied under conditions of extreme dryness. Only low yields of oily low molecular weight polymers were obtained. It is suggested that the low propagation rate constants are responsible for the results obtained.     

Benchmarking of ruthenium initiators for the ROMP of a norbornenedicarboxylic acid ester

The kinetic study of ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of a diester functionalised norbornene derivative, (±)-exo,endo-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester, with a series of ruthenium benzylidene complexes revealed the applicability of these initiators for well defined polymerization reactions. Values for the rate of initiation as well as the rate of propagation of the initiators were determined and correlated to the molecular weight and polydispersity of the isolated polymers. As the only initiator providing an entry to virtually monodisperse polymers the classical “first generation Grubbs-catalyst” was identified, while N-heterocyclic carbene based initiators polymerized with a rate of propagation much higher than the rate of initiation yielding polymers with a broader molecular weight distribution.