Capacitive beam position monitors for the low-β beam of the Chinese ADS proton linac

Beam Position Monitors(BPMs) for the low-β beam of the Chinese Accelerator Driven Subcritical system(CADS) Proton linac are of the capacitive pick-up type.They provide higher output signals than that of the inductive type.This paper will describe the design and tests of the capacitive BPM system for the low-β proton linac,including the pick-ups,the test bench and the read-out electronics.The tests done with an actual proton beam show a good agreement between the measurements and the simulations in the time domain.     

Does a light beam of very narrow bandwidth always behave as a monochromatic beam?

We show by analyzing coherence and polarization properties of narrow-band stochastic electromagnetic beams that a light beam of a very narrow bandwidth does not necessarily behave as a monochromatic beam with regards to its coherence and polarization properties. Our analysis also provides a new insight into the relation between the theories of coherence and polarization in the space-time domain and in the space-frequency domain.     

First-order approximation in studying beam spreading of cosh-Gaussian and cos-Gaussian beam in Kolmogorov turbulence

With the help of extended Huygens–Fresnel principle and the expansion of the mutual coherence function in a Taylor series, the analytical expression of the first-order approximation for the average intensity of a cosh-Gaussian and cos-Gaussian beam in Kolmogorov turbulence has been obtained. Based on the analytical expression of the first-order approximation, the variation of average intensity in Kolmogorov turbulence has been examined. Comparing with numerical integration, the relative error due to the quadratic structure function and first-order approximation of the mutual coherence function is studied and discussed. It is shown that the analytical expression of the first-order approximation provides a more precise approach to study the beam spreading of the cosh-Gaussian and cos-Gaussian beam in Kolmogorov turbulence, no matter whether the effect of turbulence is weak or strong.     

Imaging an atomic beam using fluorescence

A fluorescence detection scheme is applied to image an atomic beam. Using two laser diodes as the sources of detection light and pumping light respectively, the fluorescence image of the atomic beam is then observed by a commercial CCD-camera, which is corresponding to the atomic state and velocity distribution. The detection scheme has a great utilization in the experiments of cold atoms and atomic optics.     

Quantum-enhanced interferometry with asymmetric beam splitters

In this paper,we investigate the phase sensitivities in two-path optical interferometry with asymmetric beam splitters.Here,we present the optimal conditions for the transmission ratio and the phase of the beam splitter to gain the highest sensitivities for a general class of non-classical states with parity symmetry.Additionally,we address the controversial question of whether the scheme with a combination of coherent state and photon-added or photon-subtracted squeezed vacuum state is better or worse than the most celebrated one using a combination of coherent state and squeezed vacuum state.     

Deceleration of a continuous-wave （CW） molecular beam with a single quasi-CW semi-Gaussian laser beam

We propose a promising scheme to decelerate a CW molecular beam by using a red-detuned quasi-cw semi-Gaussian laser beam （SGB）. We study the dynamical process of the deceleration for a CW deuterated ammonia （ND3） molecular beam by Monte-Carlo simulation method. Our study shows that we can obtain a ND3 molecular beam with a relative average kinetic energy loss of about 10% and a relative output molecular number of more than 90% by using a single quasi-cw SGB with a power of 1.5kW and a maximum optical well depth of 7.33mK.     

Intense DC beam nonlinear transport-analysis & simulation

The intense dc beam nonlinear transport was analyzed with the Lie algebraic method, and the particle trajectories of the second order approximation were obtained. Based on the theoretical analysis a computer code was designed. To get self-consistent solutions, iteration procedures were used in the code. As an example, we calculated a beam line (drift-electrostatic quadrupole doublet-drift). The results agree to the results calculated by using the PIC method.     

Nd-glass belt lasers with improved beam quality

Thermal aberrations, thermal induced birefringence, anddamage of laser medium are well-known limitations forhigh power diode-pumped solid-state lasers. Severalnew types of lasers have been designed to solve theseproblems in the past years. Double-clad fiber laser withlarge ratio of surface to volume presents excellent coolingproperties[1]. Good beam quality is achieved by usingsingle-mode cores in the double-clad fibers. For a multi-mode core fiber laser, good beam quality can be obtainedby us…     

Carrier-envelope phase of ultrashort pulsed Laguerre-Gaussian beam

The carrier-envelope phase of the ultrashort pulsed Laguerre-Gaussian beam is studied.The order of Laguerre function affects seriously the variations of the carrier-envelope phase with the propagation dis- tance increasing.The beam waist also affects the carrier-envelope phase in a few Rayleigh distances.The variation of the carrier-envelope phase is larger on the axis than on the beam periphery in propagation.     

The nonparaxial property of chirped pulsed beam

The nonparaxial property of the chirped pulsed beam is analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Through the qualitative investigation of the paraxial approximation condition, we show there are chirp-induced changes in the nonparaxial propagation of the chirped pulsed beam. A quantitative nonparaxial correction was developed by use of the perturbational technic and the Fourier transform for a few-cycle chirped pulsed beam with relative small chirp parameter. It was shown that the nonparaxial corrections were enhanced near the leading or trailing edge of pulse depending on weather the chirp parameter is positive or negative. An example for pulsed Gaussian beam driven by a chirped Gaussian pulse is shown in the numerical result to confirm our analysis.     

Output beam analysis of high power COIL

As the output power of a chemical oxygen iodine laser (COIL) increases, the output laser beam instability appears as the far-field beam spot drift and deformation for the large Presnel number unstable resonator. In order to interpret this phenomenon, an output beam mode simulation code was developed with the fast Fourier transform method. The calculation results show that the presence of the nonuniform gain in COIL produces a skewed output intensity distribution, which causes the mirror tilt and bulge due to the thermal expansion. With the output power of COIL increases, the mirror surfaces, especially the back surface of the scraper mirror, absorb more and more heat, which causes the drift and deformation of far field beam spot seriously. The initial misalignment direction is an important factor for the far field beam spot drifting and deformation.     

梯度轴棱锥产生单个Bottle beam

首次提出一种新的梯度轴棱锥模型,这种梯度轴棱锥在传统的轴棱锥基础上,将轴棱锥顶点的锥角设计成具有一定的梯度.平面波入射到这种梯度轴棱锥,其衍射场会形成两个区域的Bessel光,并且在这两个Bessel光之间形成一个Bottle beam（局域空心光束）.由于Bottle beam具有三维封闭的空心区域和极高的强度梯度,可用作激光导管、光镊和光学扳手等,在生命科学和纳米科技中有重要应用.从几何光学角度分析了梯度轴棱锥形成单个Bottle beam的原理,由衍射及相干理论,分析和模拟了纵向剖面光强分布和横截面光强分布.研究结果对梯度轴棱锥的设计和应用具有指导意义. 关键词： 梯度轴棱锥 Bottle beam 轴棱锥 Bessel光     

Nonparaxial propagation of a super-Lorentz-Gauss SLGmode beam

Based on the vectorial Rayleigh-Sommerfeld integral formulae,this paper derives the analytical nonparaxial propagation equation of a super-Lorentz-Gauss (SLG) SLG 01 mode beam in free space.The far field expression and the scalar paraxial result are treated with special cases of the general formulae.According to the obtained analytical representation,the nonparaxial propagation properties of the SLG 01 mode beam are illustrated and analysed with numerical examples.This research provides an approach to investigate the propagation of the SLG 01 mode beam within the framework of the nonparaxial regime.     

干涉理论对bottle beam的描述

对轴棱锥产生的贝塞尔光聚焦特性的描述，我们提出一种有别于惠更斯-菲涅耳衍射积分理论的解析表达.这种解析表达基于干涉理论的基础，它能够模拟计算出聚焦透镜置于最大准直距离之外以及在聚焦透镜焦平面以后的光束行为，能够更好地描述bottle beam的形成过程，这些结果用衍射积分理论是得不到的.我们还得到了与Wei用几何光学分析所得出的当z_0max将产生hollow beam的不同结论.所有理论计算结果都得到实验的有力验证. 关键词： bottle beam 贝塞尔光 轴棱锥 光镊     

Bending wave intensity in a thick beam

I.IntroductionMeasurementSofbendingwaveintensityinoneortwodimensi0na1structuresbecomequitepopularandgetavarietyofindustria1app1icati0ns.Theexistingintensitytheory['-']wasderivedbasedontheclassicaIBernou11i-Eu1ertheorywhichisanapproximatetheoryforana-lyzingstructuralvibration.Inthe1ow-frequencylimitwherebendingwavelengthsaremuchlongincomparisonwiththethicknessofthestructurealongwhichtheypr0pagate(i.e.,thinstructurcs),theuse0ftheclassica1theorywi1lresu1tinanegligiblyerro/`].Forshortwave-1ength…     

Electron acceleration in a tightly focused laser beam

Electron acceleration in a tightly focused ultra-intensity linear polarized laser beam is investigated numerically. It has been found that the acceleration is strong phase dependent and is periodic to the variety of the initial laser field phase. When optimal initial parameters are chosen, the electron can be accelerated effectively. The accelerated electrons are emitted in pulses of which the full width is less than the half period of the laser field.     

A multi-purpose phase modulator for one beam ESPI

This paper proposes a simple, compact, practical, less nonlinear, less decorrelation and multi-purpose phase modulator for one beam ESPI which can be used perform both phase shifting and fringe carriering techniques. Theory together with experimental demonstrations are presented.     

Spatial beam shaping by quartz crystal piano-convex lens

Based on the optical activity of quartz crystal,we proposed a scheme for shaping the spatial intensity distribution of a linearly polarized laser beam by utilizing a quartz crystal piano-convex lens in combination with a polarizer.The intensity profile of the shaped laser beam can be easily switched from one profile to another by controlling the polarization direction of the incident laser beam.     

On the influence of the electron-velocity spread in a beam on the mechanism of Cherenkov beam–plasma interaction

The instability of an electron beam in cold plasma is considered in the linear potential approximation with different velocity-distribution functions of beam electrons. It is demonstrated that the mechanism of beam instability in plasma changes as the electron-velocity spread is increased: the hydrodynamic single-particle instability mode evolves into the hydrodynamic collective mode or the single-particle kinetic one. Instability growth rates in different modes are determined analytically and numerically.