乙酸正丁酯的合成

以乙酸和正丁醇为原料,在硫酸氢钾催化下合成了乙酸正丁酯;考察了反应时间、醇酸比、催化剂用量、带水剂用量及催化剂的重复使用对酯化率的影响.结果表明:当正丁醇用量为0.1mol,乙酸用量为0.135mol,催化剂硫酸氢钾用量为0.8g,带水剂环己烷用量为8mL时,反应的酯化率达95.2%.     

磷钨酸催化合成乙酸戊酯

以磷钨酸为催化剂,冰醋酸和戊醇为原料,催化合成了乙酸戊酯.探讨了催化剂用量、醇酸比、反应时间等对酯化反应的影响.研究结果表明:取冰醋酸40mL,正戊醇25mL,磷钨酸2.0g,反应时间为2h时,酯的产率大于80%.     

乙酸异丙酯的合成

以乙酸和异丙醇为原料,硫酸氢钠为催化剂,合成了乙酸异丙酯;考察了反应时间、酸醇比、催化剂用量、带水剂用量对酯化率的影响,确定了最佳酯化反应条件:反应时间60min,酸醇的物质的量的比1∶0.8,催化剂用量0.8g,带水剂用量8mL.在最佳反应条件下,酯化率最高可达84.3%.     

双磺酸基功能化多酸类离子液体的制备及其催化合成乙酸正丁酯

制备了四种多酸类离子液体,并应用于乙酸与正丁醇的酯化反应,发现双磺酸基功能化的多酸类离子液体[BS_2DABCD]HPW_(12)O_(40)呈现出最高的催化活性.研究了反应温度、催化剂用量、乙酸与正丁醇的物质的量的比和反应时间等因素对乙酸正丁酯产率的影响.在最佳反应条件下,乙酸正丁酯的产率达到82%.催化剂重复使用4次后,乙酸正丁酯的产率没有明显降低,显示出良好的重复利用性.     

ZnMn2O4纳米催化剂制备及催化合成乙酸正丁酯

本文以共沉淀法制备了四方晶系锌锰复合氧化物ZnMn2O4纳米催化剂。采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)测试技术对样品进行了分析表征,结果表明所合成的催化剂为粒径均匀的纳米粒子,平均粒径在20-50 nm,具有较好的分散性。实验考察了所制备的ZnMn2O4纳米催化剂对乙酸和正丁醇酯化反应的催化活性,表明ZnMn2O4对乙酸正丁酯的合成有较高的催化活性;探讨了催化剂焙烧温度、催化剂用量、酸醇摩尔比以及反应时间对酯化率的影响,确定了适宜的酯化反应条件,以焙烧温度为300 ℃制备的ZnMn2O4为催化剂,在催化剂用量为0.3%(以反应物总质量计)、酸醇摩尔比n(酸):n(醇)=1.8:1、反应时间为4 h、酯化反应温度120 ℃的条件下,酯化率可达92.53%。     

酸功能化离子液体催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯

合成并表征了酸功能化离子液体,用于催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯(TBC).通过考察各种离子液体的催化活性及重复使用性能,选定酸功能化离子液体[HSO3-pmim]HSO4为催化合成TBC的催化剂.研究了催化剂用量、醇酸摩尔比、反应时间等因素对酯化反应的影响,得到其较佳工艺条件为:催化剂用量为反应物总质量的8·0%,醇酸摩尔比为5·5∶1,反应温度110~150℃,反应时间3h.此条件下,酯化率达到99·0%.分离出的离子液体未经任何处理重复使用8次后,酯化率仍为95·2%.     

稀土固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2/La3 +催化合成丙酸苄酯

采用浸渍法制备了稀土固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2/La3+,并运用IR、XRD和Hammett指示剂法对其进行了表征.以制备的固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO23+为催化剂、丙酸和苯甲醇为原料合成了丙酸苄酯.考察了催化剂的制备条件及合成条件对酯化率的影响,结果显示催化剂最佳制备条件:钛前体氧化物的浸渍液为含0.07 mol·L-1 La3+的硫酸溶液,焙烧时间3 h,焙烧温度500℃.最佳反应条件:醇酸摩尔比为1:2、催化剂用量为苯甲醇用量的9.3%、反应时间3 h、反应温度120℃,酯化率达84.0%以上.用IR、1H-NMR等手段对产品进行了表征.     

稀土固体超强酸SO4^2-／TiO2／La^3＋催化合成丙酸苄酯

采用浸渍法制备了稀土固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2/La3+,并运用IR、XRD和Hammett指示剂法对其进行了表征.以制备的固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO23+为催化剂、丙酸和苯甲醇为原料合成了丙酸苄酯.考察了催化剂的制备条件及合成条件对酯化率的影响,结果显示催化剂最佳制备条件钛前体氧化物的浸渍液为含0.07 mol·L-1 La3+的硫酸溶液,焙烧时间3 h,焙烧温度500℃.最佳反应条件醇酸摩尔比为12、催化剂用量为苯甲醇用量的9.3%、反应时间3 h、反应温度120℃,酯化率达84.0%以上.用IR、1H-NMR等手段对产品进行了表征.     

乙酸异戊酯的合成

以乙酸和异戊醇作为原料,利用SnCl4催化作用下的酯化反应合成了乙酸异戊酯;研究了反应时间、酸醇的物质的量之比、催化剂用量、带水剂用量等因素对产物收率的影响,并确定了优化反应条件.结果表明,优化反应条件为:反应时间60min,酸醇物质的量之比1∶0.8(乙酸5.76mL),催化剂用量0.35g,带水剂用量10mL.在优化反应条件下,产物收率最高可达86.3%.     

活性炭负载硅钨酸催化合成乙酸正丁酯

以活性炭负载硅钨酸为催化剂,乙酸和正丁醇为原料合成乙酸正丁酯.优化的反应条件如下:在冰乙酸0.253mol、正丁醇0.22mol、催化剂用量为反应物总量的1.5%(质量分数)、反应温度115℃,反应时间为90min的条件下,酯化率可达97.8%.产品纯度>98%,并且催化剂可以多次使用活性没有明显下降.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.