Thermal study in Eu3+-doped boehmite nanofibers and luminescence properties of the corresponding Eu3+:Al2O3

Eu³⁺-doped boehmite nanofiber materials with different Eu³⁺ concentrations were synthesized without any surfactant, and followed by a series of characterizations. It was found that the boehmite nanofibers became coarser with the increase of Eu³⁺ concentration, which resulted in a gradual decrease of their specific surface areas. Moreover, the thermal stability of the boehmite nanofibers was studied by thermogravimetry–differential scanning calorimetry. All materials showed the phase transition from γ-Al₂O₃ to other forms. Yet the transition temperature was increased with the increase of Eu³⁺ concentration. The Eu³⁺-doped boehmite nanofibers with the maximum Eu³⁺ concentrations showed the best thermal stability. Photoluminescence spectra showed that the 2 mol% of doping concentration of Eu³⁺ ions in Eu³⁺:Al₂O₃ nanofiber was optimum.     

Thermal study of boehmite nanofibers with controlled particle size

Boehmite nanofiber materials with controlled particle size were synthesized without any surfactant by careful tuning of the hydrothermal temperatures, and followed by a series of characterizations. It was found that the boehmite nanofibers became shorter and coarser with the increase of temperature, and resulted in a gradual decrease of their specific surface areas. Moreover, the thermal stability of the boehmite nanofibers was studied by in situ HT X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry–differential scanning calorimetry. All materials showed the phase transition from γ-Al₂O₃ to other forms. Yet the transition temperature was increased with the increase of hydrothermal temperature. The boehmite nanofibers with the largest diameter showed the best thermal stability.     

Uniaxially aligned carbon nanofibers derived from electrospun precursor yarns

Unlike conventional electrospun polymer fibers deposited on a target electrode as a randomly oriented mesh, poly(p‐xylenetetrahydrothiophenium chloride) was electrospun into centimeters‐long yarns vertically on the surface of the electrode but parallel to the electric field. The diameter of the yarn was strongly affected by the concentration, spinning rate, and viscosity of the polymer solution, but less dependent on the applied voltage. The subsequent carbonization of thus‐electrospun yarns at 600–1000 °C resulted in uniaxially aligned carbon nanofibers with average diameters of 127–184 nm. On the basis of Raman spectra, the graphitic crystallite size and the molar fraction of graphite were estimated to be 1.2–1.4 and 0.21–0.24 nm, respectively. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 305–310, 2008     

Fabrication of nanocomposite PAN nanofibers containing MgO and Al2O3 nanoparticles

This paper describes the effect of embedding MgO and Al₂O₃ nanoparticles on the diameter of electrospun composite polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers. Diameter of nanofibers determines the important properties of the nanofibrous mats used in a variety of developed applications such as tissue engineering scaffolds, drug delivery, catalysis, ultra filtration, sensors, and nanoelectronics. The results showed that the type and amount of nanoparticles dispersed in PAN solutions affect the conductivity as well as the viscosity of the electrospinning solutions. Increasing the amount of MgO and Al₂O₃ leads to higher conductivity and higher viscosity of the electrospinning solution and ultimately to a smaller nanofiber diameter. Moreover, the results showed that higher conductivity of the electrospinning solution overcomes the effect of higher viscosity. Finally, no interaction was detected between metal oxide nanoparticles and PAN macromolecules.     

Thermal Characterization and Physico-Chemical Properties of Fe2O3−Mn2O3/Al2O3 Systems

The effect of ferric and manganese oxides dopants on thermal and physicochemical properties of Mn-oxide/Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃ systems has been studied separately. The pure and doped mixed solids were thermally treated at 400–1000°C. Pyrolysis of pure and doped mixed solids was investigated via thermal analysis (TG-DTG) techniques. The thermal products were characterized using XRD-analysis. The results revealed that pure ferric nitrate decomposes into Fe₂O₃ at 350°C and shows thermal stability up to1000°C. Crystalline Fe₃O₄ and Mn₃O₄phases were detected for some doped solids precalcined at 1000°C. Crystalline γ-Al₂O₃ phase was detected for all solids preheated up to 800°C. Ferric and manganese oxides enhanced the formation of α-Al₂O₃ phase at1000°C. Crystalline MnAl₂O₄ and MnFe₂O₄ phases were formed at 1000°C as a result of solid–solid interaction processes. The catalytic behavior of the thermal products was tested using the decomposition of H₂O₂ reaction. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Thermal conductivity of Al2O3/water nanofluids

A considerable number of studies can be found on the thermal conductivity of nanofluids in which Al₂O₃ nanoparticles are used as additives. In the present study, the aim is to measure the thermal conductivity of very narrow Al₂O₃ nanoparticles with the size of 5 nm suspended in water. The thermal conductivity of nanofluids with concentrations up to 5 % is measured in a temperature range between 26 and 55 °C. Using the experimental data, a correlation is presented as a function of the temperature and volume fraction of nanoparticles. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is performed to assess the sensitivity of thermal conductivity of nanofluids to increase the particle loading at different temperatures. The sensitivity analysis reveals that at a given concentration, the sensitivity of thermal conductivity to particle loading increases when the temperature increases.     

具有良好热稳定性的Al2O3改性Fe2O3基金催化剂

通过共沉淀法和沉积-沉淀法制备出了具有良好热稳定性的Al2O3改性Fe2O3基金催化剂, 并通过透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、N2吸附-脱附及热重和差示扫描量热(TG-DSC)分析等表征手段对催化剂的结构与表面形貌进行了研究分析. TEM测试结果表明: 500 ℃焙烧后, 未掺杂Al2O3的催化剂中金颗粒粒径分布较宽, 平均粒径约为7.0 nm, 载体颗粒尺寸在50-100 nm范围内; 而掺杂Al2O3的催化剂中金颗粒粒径分布变窄, 平均粒径约为5.0 nm, 且载体颗粒大小也明显小于未掺杂Al2O3的催化剂, 保持在30-50 nm的范围内. N2吸附-脱附测试结果表明, Al2O3的掺杂有利于保持催化剂的介孔结构和比表面积, 从而提高了载体的热稳定性. XRD和TG-DSC测试结果表明, Al2O3的掺杂可以有效地抑制Fe2O3的结晶, 进而抑制了高温焙烧过程中金颗粒的长大. 选用CO低温氧化反应对催化剂的活性进行了评价, 即使在500 ℃高温下焙烧12 h, 掺杂了Al2O3的催化剂仍然可在26.7 ℃将CO完全转化, 而未掺杂Al2O3的催化剂CO最低完全转化温度(T100)高达61.6 ℃. Al2O3的掺杂显著提高了催化剂的热稳定性能.     

Thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity measurements of Al2O3 nanofluids

Thermal conductivities and specific heat capacities of nanoparticles of Al₂O₃ dispersed in water and ethylene glycol as a function of the particle volume fraction and at temperatures between 298 and 338 K were measured. The steady-state coaxial cylinders method, using a C80D microcalorimeter (Setaram, France) equipped with special calorimetric vessels, was used for the thermal conductivities measurements. The heat capacities were measured with a Micro DSC II microcalorimeter (Setaram, France) with batch cells designed in our laboratory and the “scanning or continuous method.” The Hamilton–Crosser model properly accounts for the thermal conductivity of the studied nanofluids. Assuming that the nanoparticles and the base fluid are in thermal equilibrium, the experimental specific heat capacities of nanofluids are correctly justified.     

不同含量Y2O3的ZrO2对Al2O3复合陶瓷热震稳定性的影响

含2% (摩尔分数) Y2O3的ZrO2 (简称TZP(2Y)) 和3% (摩尔分数) Y2O3的ZrO2 (简称PSZ(3Y)) 分别以15%(体积分数)添加到Al2O3基体中, 经1550 ℃真空烧结.实验表明, Al2O3复合材料的性能均高于单相Al2O3陶瓷, 并且Al2O3/PSZ(3Y)的抗热震性优于Al2O3/TZP(2Y). 提高改善复合材料的抗热震性是ZrO2(Y2O3)多种增韧机制的作用. 理论计算表明, Al2O3陶瓷和Al2O3/TZP(2Y), Al2O3/PSZ(3Y)复合材料的断裂功分别为38, 100.8, 126.2 J·m-2. Al2O3/TZP(2Y) 和 Al2O3/PSZ(3Y)复合材料的裂纹萌生阻力是Al2O3陶瓷的1.41倍和1.57倍, 而裂纹扩展阻力是Al2O3陶瓷的1.38倍和1.46倍, 与热震实验残余强度的结果一致.     

In situ ATR-IR study of prochiral 2-methyl-2-pentenoic acid adsorption on Al2O3 and Pd/Al2O3

Adsorption and desorption of trans-2-methyl-2-pentenoic acid (MPeA) in dichloromethane (CH(2)Cl(2)) were investigated by using in situ attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy. A liquid flow-through spectroscopic cell allowed for high quality spectra to be obtained from deposited thin films of Al(2)O(3) and 1 wt% Pd/γ-Al(2)O(3) on a ZnSe internal reflection element. The MPeA molecules adsorb on both Al(2)O(3) and Pd surfaces molecularly and dissociatively under the concentration range examined (2-16 mM). In the case of molecular adsorption, both monomer (ν(C=O) ~ 1720 cm(-1)) and dimer (ν(C=O) ~ 1685 cm(-1)) species are observed to adsorb, with the relative amount of monomer to dimer dependent on the surface and the liquid phase acid concentration. In the case of dissociative adsorption, the acid adsorbs predominantly in a bridged bidentate configuration, as adjudged by the ca. 150-220 cm(-1) separation between asymmetric and symmetric vibrational bands. All of these species are found to be strongly adsorbed on both Al(2)O(3) and 1 wt% Pd/γ-Al(2)O(3) surfaces, even under pure solvent flow after adsorption.     

Fe2O3/Al2O3氧载体制备方法的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法、共沉淀法、水热合成法、低热固相合成法、机械混合法、燃烧合成法和冷冻成粒法制备铁基氧载体Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃,并通过物理和化学表征手段来筛选和优化制备方法和制备工艺。对煅烧后的氧载体进行硬度测试,结果表明,溶胶-凝胶法、共沉淀法、机械混合法、燃烧合成法和冷冻成粒法制备的氧载体硬度较高;载体的X射线衍射(XRD)谱图表明,各种制备方法均能制得物相组成为Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃的氧载体,且随着煅烧温度的提高、煅烧时间的延长,氧载体的结晶度、晶体粒径逐渐增大,煅烧温度1 200℃的氧载体的机械性能、晶体结构、晶相组成更稳定。借助化学吸附仪的程序升温还原(TPR)实验表征氧载体的反应活性,并计算氧载体活性度。综合物理和化学表征实验结果表明,最优制备方法为溶胶-凝胶法和冷冻成粒法。     

尖晶石型衍生的Ni/Al2O3催化剂低温催化顺酐加氢合成丁二酸酐

开发高活性的顺酐加氢制丁二酸酐和γ-丁内酯催化剂具有重要的工业意义.顺酐加氢多采用Cu基和Ni基催化剂,但一般Cu基和Ni基催化剂存在反应温度高(170–260℃)和稳定性差等缺点,很有必要开发高活性的顺酐加氢催化剂.我们以拟薄水铝石作为Al2O3载体的前驱体,采用浸渍法制备了一系列镍铝尖晶石型衍生的不同Ni含量的Ni/Al2O3催化剂,并研究了它们在顺酐加氢反应中的催化性能.还原前Ni/Al2O3催化剂的X射线衍射结果表明,催化剂含有NiAl2O4物种.氮吸附结果显示,不同Ni含量的催化剂均具有介孔结构.氢-程序升温还原研究发现,Ni/Al2O3催化剂经750℃还原2 h后,其表面上NiAl2O4物种能被高效还原.X射线粉末衍射结果表明,750℃还原的Ni/Al2O3催化剂中金属Ni颗粒尺寸随着Ni负载量升高而增大.利用一氧化碳-程序升温脱附对750℃还原的Ni/Al2O3催化剂进行研究,发现750℃还原的催化剂上金属Ni物种含量从高到低依次为:Ni(7.5%)/Al2O3>Ni(5%)/Al2O3>Ni(2.5%)/Al2O3.采用CO化学吸附获得的Ni(2.5%)/Al2O3,Ni(5%)/Al2O3和Ni(7.5%)/Al2O3催化剂上金属Ni颗粒尺度分别为8.0,12.8和15.7 nm.活性研究结果表明,750℃还原的Ni(5%)/Al2O3催化剂具有最高的催化活性,这可能是由于Ni(5%)/Al2O3催化剂具有较多的Ni活性位点和较合适的Ni颗粒粒度所致.进一步研究发现,在650–750℃还原温度下,Ni(5%)/Al2O3催化剂的还原度随着还原温度的升高而升高,Ni分散度随着还原温度的升高而降低.活性结果研究表明,700℃还原的Ni(5%)/Al2O3催化剂具有较多的Ni活性位点和较合适的Ni颗粒粒度,具有最高的加氢催化活性,其在120℃,H2压力为0.5 MPa和质量空速为2 h?1的反应条件下,能获得近100%的顺酐转化率和90%的丁二酸酐选择性,同时该催化剂具有优良的稳定性.以上结果表明,尖晶石型衍生的Ni/Al2O3催化剂是一个十分有应用前景的顺酐加氢催化剂.     

Thermal characterization of NaNO3/KNO3 with different concentrations of Al2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - The thermo-physical properties of NaNO3/KNO3 (solar salt) added with Al2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles as phase change material in thermal energy storage...     

Synthesis and surface characterization of yttrium doped boehmite nanofibers

Yttrium doped boehmite nanofibers with varying yttrium content have been synthesized at low temperatures using a soft-chemistry route in the presence of polyglycol ether surfactant. The effect of yttrium content, hydrothermal temperature on the growth of boehmite nanostructures was systematically studied. Nanofibers were formed in all samples with varying doped Y% treated at 100 °C; large Y(OH)₃ crystals were also formed at high yttrium doping. Treated at an elevated temperatures resulted in a remarkable changes in size and morphology for samples with the same doped Y content. The resultant nanofibers were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), N₂ adsorption and thermogravimetric analysis. The detailed characterization and discussion on the Y doped nanostructures are presented.     

Solution-based chemical synthesis of boehmite nanofibers and alumina nanorods

This article reports an easy chemical method of synthesizing boehmite nanofibers by a modified sol-gel process involving aluminum isopropoxide precursor. Nanorods of gamma-alumina have been successfully prepared after dehydration of the viscous sol at 600 degrees C for 4 h in air. The boehmite nanofibers and gamma-alumina nanorods were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for surface chemistry and functional groups, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy with selected area electron diffraction, and energy-dispersed spectroscopy for morphology and structure identification. The length of the boehmite nanofibers was found to be more than 10 mum with a crystalline lattice structure. The mechanism of formation of the boehmite nanofibers included the preferential growth along the longitudinal axis due to interaction between the solvent molecules and the surface OH- groups of hydrogen bonds. It is also suggested that the boehmite nanofibers may have formed due to the inherent instability of the planar structure of the boehmite lattice. The diameter of the gamma-alumina nanorods was found to be less than 10 nm with a varying length in the range of 50-200 nm. Boehmite to gamma-Al2O3 transformation was attributed to the loss of water molecules by internal condensation of protons and hydroxyl ions.