On the structure and relative stability of C50 fullerenes

The complete set of 271 classical fullerene isomers of C50 has been studied by full geometry optimizations at the SAM1, PM3, AM1, and MNDO quantum-chemical levels, and their lower energy structures have also been partially computed at the ab initio levels of theory. A D(5h) species, with the least number of pentagon adjacency, is predicted by all semiempirical methods and the HF/4-31G calculations as the lowest energy structure, but the B3LYP/6-31G* geometry optimizations favor a D3 structure (with the largest HOMO-LUMO gap and the second least number of adjacent pentagons) energetically lower (-2 kcal/mol) than the D(5h) isomer. To clarify the relative stabilities at elevated temperatures, the entropy contributions are taken into account on the basis of the Gibbs energy at the HF/4-31G level for the first time. The computed relative-stability interchanges show that the D3 isomer behaves more thermodynamically stable than the D(5h) species within a wide temperature interval related to fullerene formation. According to a newly reported experimental observation, the structural/energetic properties and relative stabilities of both critical isomers (D(5h) and D3) are analyzed along with the experimentally identified decachlorofullerene C50Cl10 of D(5h) symmetry. Some features of higher symmetry C50 nanotube-type isomers are also discussed.     

Influence of the dipolar interactions on the relative stability in spin crossover systems

Molecules exhibiting a spin‐crossover transition have been proposed for a number of applications such as molecular switches, spintronic tunable interfaces, and single molecule gates. Both the rational design of new spin‐crossover systems and the improvement of the properties of the already existing ones require a theoretical understanding of the relative energy of the high (HS) and low spin state (LS) molecules in the solid‐state. This has proved to be very challenging so far. Here, we shed some light on the importance of considering the symmetry and the geometry of the crystallographic cell to correctly evaluate the influence of the dipolar interactions on the relative energies of the molecular complex in both different spin states. Moreover, in the case of Fe(SCN)₂(phen)₂ dipolar interactions are found to play an important role for the stabilization of the LS complex. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Influence of the conformations of derivatives of 1,2,4-substituted dehydroquinolones-4 on their biological activity

Russian Chemical Bulletin -     

The lowest order relativistic corrections for the hydrogen molecule

We have calculated the lowest order relativistic corrections for the X ¹Σ, B¹Σ, a³Σ, b³Σ, I¹Π_g, C¹Π_u, i³Π_g, c³Π_u, J¹Δ_g, and j³Δ_g states of the hydrogen molecule using variational Monte Carlo methods and compact, explicitly correlated trial wavefunctions. Our values are in good agreement with earlier calculations on the X¹Σ and B¹Σ states. For the other states, our work provides the first estimate of these properties. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011     

Intramolecular hydrogen bonds and conformations of the 1,4-butanediol molecule

IR and Raman spectra of 1,4-butanediol (BD) versus variations in the medium (CCl₄, CH₃CN), concentration, temperature, and phase state were obtained. The observed changes attest to the conformational variety of BD molecules under the experimental conditions. On the basis of the analysis of the v(OH) region it is concluded that both in the gas phase and in CCl₄ solution conformers of BD with free OH groups coexist with conformers with O-H...O intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The difference in enthalpies, H, for the groups of conformers with and without intramolecular hydrogen bonds was found from the temperature dependence of the v(OH)_free and v(OH)_intra band intensities. The structures and energies for 70 possible spectrally and energetically distinguishable conformers of BD that do not take into account intramolecular hydrogen bonds were calculated by molecular mechanics with account of electron lone pairs of oxygen atoms. Using the experimental values of H and the calculated relative conformer energies,E, the intramolecular hydrogen bond energyE _intra= 3.7 kcal mol^–1 was found.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 1572–1577, September, 1993.     

Determination of the conformations and relative configurations of exocyclic amines

The conformations and relative configurations of 20 amines, classified according to the following labeling scheme, were analyzed. Series a comprised compounds derived from N-(1-phenylethyl)cyclohexanamine, b comprised derivatives of N-[1-(naphthalen-2-yl)ethyl]cyclohexanamine, c comprised derivatives of N-(diphenylmethyl)cyclohexanamine, and d comprised derivatives of N-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexanamine. The compounds were labeled as follows: 1 indicates cyclohexanamine, 2 indicates 2-methylcyclohexanamines, 3 indicates 3-methylcyclohexanamines, 4 indicates 4-methylcyclohexanamines, and 5 indicates 4-tert-butylcyclohexanamines. These compounds were prepared without the use of stereoselective induction and, therefore, all expected stereoisomers were observed. Structural assignments were established by (1)H, (13)C, and (15)N NMR.     

Effect of excess electron and one water molecule on relative stability of the canonical and zwitterionic tautomers of glycine

The anionic and neutral complexes of glycine with water were studied at at the coupled cluster level of theory with single, double, and perturbative triple excitations. The most stable neutral complex has a relatively small dipole moment (1.74 D) and does not bind an electron. Other neutral complexes involve a polar conformer of canonical glycine and support dipole-bound anionic states. The most stable anion is characterized by an electron vertical detachment energy of 1576 cm(-1), in excellent agreement with the experimental result of 1573 cm(-1). The (Gly.H(2)O)(-) complex supports local minima, in which the zwitterionic glycine is stabilized by one water and one excess electron. They are, however, neither thermodynamically nor kinetically stable with respect to the dipole-bound states based on the canonical tautomers of glycine. The electron correlation contributions to excess electron binding energies are important, in particular, for nonzwitterionic complexes. Our results indicate that the condensation energies for Gly((0,-))+H(2)O-->(Gly.H(2)O)((0,-)) are larger than the adiabatic electron affinity of Gly.H(2)O. The above results imply that collisions of Gly(-) with H(2)O might effectively remove Gly(-) from the ion distribution. This might explain why formation of Gly(-) and (Gly.H(2)O)(-) is very sensitive to source conditions. We analyzed shifts in stretching mode frequencies that develop upon formation of intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds and an excess electron attachment. The position of the main peak and a vibrational structure in the photoelectron spectroscopy spectrum of (Gly.H(2)O)(-) are well reproduced by our theoretical results.     

Influence of protonation on the conformations of rigid-chain polymers

The conformations, internal rotation barriers, and the energies of bending deformation of molecules that model chain segments of the rigid-chain polymer poly(p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole) were calculated with the use of the AM1 semiempirical quantum-chemical method. The model molecules included several heterocycles and had a size larger than the repeat unit of the polymer, which includes one heterocyclic ring and one phenylene ring. For molecules in which all heterocyclic rings are diprotonated (at nitrogen atoms), the planar conformation is optimal (as in the case of uncharged molecules). At the same time, the internal rotation barriers in such molecules are reduced relative to the neutral molecules. However, when not all heterocycles are protonated in the molecule, the barriers turn out to be substantially higher than in the neutral molecule. For molecules in which all heterocycles are tetraprotonated, ab initio calculations of the optimal conformation were also performed. For these molecules, the conformation in which the phenyl rings and the heterocyclic rings are turned by almost 50° with respect to one another appeared to be optimal. In this case, the height of the rotation barriers is even lower than in molecules with diprotonated heterocycles. The protonation was found to have a weak effect on the bending rigidity of the poly(p-phenylenebezobisoxazole) chain.     

Commensurate-incommensurate transition of 4He adsorbed on a single C60 molecule

Path-integral Monte Carlo calculations have been performed to study (4)He adsorption on a single C(60) molecule. Helium corrugations on the fullerene molecular surface are incorporated with the (4)He-C(60) interaction described by the sum of all (4)He-C interatomic pair potentials. Radial density distributions show a layer-by-layer growth of (4)He with the first adlayer being located at a distance of ~6.3 ? from the center of the C(60) molecule. The monolayer shows different quantum states as the number of (4)He adatoms N varies. For N = 32, we find a commensurate solid, with each of the 32 adsorption sites on the molecular surface being occupied by a single (4)He atom. Various domain-wall structures are observed as more (4)He atoms are added and the first layer crystallizes into an incommensurate solid when it is completely filled. This commensurate-incommensurate transition of the helium monolayer is found to be accompanied by re-entrant superfluid response at a low temperature of 0.31 K with the superfluidity being totally quenched at N = 32, 44, and 48. Finally, the different quantum states observed in the helium monolayer around C(60) are compared with phase diagrams proposed for the corresponding layer on a graphite surface.     

Influence of ground-state conformations on the intramolecular amidofuran Diels-Alder reaction

[reaction: see text] Various factors that influence the rate of the intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of amidofurans were investigated with density functional theory calculations using the Becke3LYP/6-31G* model. Conformational effects imposed by the placement of a carbonyl group within the tether, combined with a rotational bias about the C(2)-N bond, account for the observed rate differences in the thermal chemistry of these amidofurans.     

On the relative stability of cycloalkanes

The relative stability of the cycloalkanesn=3 to 8 is investigated by means of semiempirical (CNDO) andab initio MO SCF calculations. It is found that the compensation of increasing nuclear repulsion by the gain of electronic energy reaches a maximum atn=6, leading thus to a maximum of stability forn=6, and that the usual qualitative models of hybridisation state, optimal bond angle and optimal hydrogen positions do not present sufficient explanations. The methods used, their limitations and basis set effects are discussed.     

Homodromic hydrogen bonds in low-energy conformations of single molecule cyclodextrins

Low-energy conformations of β-cyclodextrin under anhydrous conditions in the gas phase were investigated by DFT calculations. In these conformations, two homodromic hydrogen bond rings are formed with very short hydrogen bonds at the narrow side of the cyclodextrin ring and a second one at the wider side. These hypothetical conformations are not comparable to those conformations, which have been studied experimentally, forming inclusion complexes with small and medium-sized guest molecules, but their energy is significantly lower than the open conformations (ΔE = 10 kcal/mol).     

Influence of relative configuration of disubstituted cyclopentanes and -hexanes on 13C shifts

(13)C shifts of disubstituted cyclopentane and cyclohexane derivatives were compared in dependence on the relative configuration of the two substituents. A diequatorial substitution correlates with deshielding compared to other substitution patterns. Some novel fluorinated cyclopentanes and -hexanes including their DFT calculation-assisted structure elucidation are described.     

NMR study of quinolizidine alkaloids: relative configurations, conformations

Extracts of fruits and leaves of Connarus paniculatus afford six quinolizidine alkaloids which were identified as piptanthine, 18-epipiptanthine, ormosanine, homoormosanine, podopetaline (monohydrochloride) and homopodopetaline on the basis of high-field NMR studies. 1D and 2D NMR experiments provide complete assignments of the (1)H and (13)C spectra. In conjunction with detection of nuclear Overhauser effects (NOESY), these results allow detailed structure characterization including determination of relative configurations for the chiral sites and conformational analysis. Exchange phenomena involving nitrogen inversion were detected.