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中空球是壳层结构材料的一个重要分支。与实心球相比较,中空球具有更多特殊和优异的物理及化学性质,例如具有较小的密度、较大的比表面积以及较好的稳定性和表面渗透性,其中无机中空球较有机中空球还具有耐高温、抗老化等优点。因此,近些年来无机中空球备受人们的关注,广泛应用于催化、电池、医药等众多领域。本文结合本课题组在无机氧化物中空球领域的研究和前人的工作,总结了近5年来制备无机中空球的研究进展。将无机中空球的壳层材料分为五大类,包括:无机氧化物、硫化物及硒化物、金属单质、复合物和其他无机材料。将制备方法分成四大类:硬模板法、软模板法、牺牲模板法和无模板法,对每一大类又进一步细分,并且指出了各种方法的优缺点。同时归纳了无机中空球几个重要的应用领域,如药物、电池、气体传感器和光催化领域。最后在此基础上简要展望了无机中空球的研究前景。 相似文献
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近年来,由于中空的球形材料具有良好的表面渗透性、低密度和高比表面积等性质而受到人们的普遍关注,在无机中空球的制备过程中,所采用的方法大多为模板法,合成的无机中空球主要以SiO2、金属氧化物(如TiO2和SnO2等)及金属(金、银、钯和镍等)为主,而有关二元复合氧化物中空球合成的研究报道较少,制备球壳上具有介孔的中空球已有报道,但是,其得到的介孔常常不均一,因此,将中空球形材料、复合氧化物和均一介孔有效地结合起来将是非常有意义一项工作。 相似文献
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静电纺丝是一种制备纳米尺度连续长丝的技术, 采用静电纺丝技术高效可控地构筑微纳米中空结构材料备受关注. 本文综述了通过静电纺丝技术制备聚合物中空纤维和中空微球的研究进展, 展望了其在不同功能材料领域的发展前景. 相似文献
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应用微流控液滴技术合成功能材料已发展成为一个新兴领域。本文以夹流结构微流控芯片产生的微液滴作为软模板,以液滴模板界面处发生的水解反应生成二氧化钛球壳,并经后续脱核处理,制备二氧化钛中空微球。采用激光诱导荧光成像、扫描电镜等手段对微球形貌结构进行了分析表征。结果表明,通过控制微流控芯片液滴合成条件,可以得到壁厚约2 μm的二氧化钛中空微球。这种以微流控液滴为模板的合成方法简单灵活,若与其他材料改性方法相结合,有望实现对更多元、更复杂功能微球材料的制备,并进一步拓宽其在光电和催化剂材料领域的应用。 相似文献
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发展简单、高效、可控的方法来制备中空介孔微球是介孔材料领域的研究热点.本工作结合嵌段共聚物的三维受限自组装(3D-CSA)和自模板碳化策略,建立了一种构筑中空介孔微球的新方法 .首先,采用乳液-溶剂挥发法实现嵌段共聚物与全氟辛烷(PFO)在3D受限空间的分级组装,获得了核-壳结构微球,其中壳层由微相分离的嵌段共聚物构成.然后,在壳层的连续相选择性地复合氧化硅,既实现了无机框架的负载,又实现了对连续相聚合物链选择性交联.对复合微球进行煅烧处理后,实现了壳层连续相聚合物的选择性碳化,获得了中空介孔氧化硅/碳复合微球.本研究系统地阐述了核-壳型分级结构微球的形成机理和必备条件,研究了氧化硅前驱体添加量和嵌段共聚物分子量对中空介孔氧化硅/碳复合微球形貌的影响,为制备中空介孔微球材料提供了一种简便、可控的方法. 相似文献
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《高等学校化学学报》2018,(12)
分别以四氢呋喃丙烯酸酯和双季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯为油相反应单体和交联剂,利用界面引发剂在无表面活性剂微乳液油水界面处引发聚合,制备了中空微球,浇铸形成具有纳米空腔的中空微球膜.考察了膜内纳米空腔对分离膜气体渗透性和分离性的影响.结果表明,制备的中空微球平均粒径为116. 7 nm,中空结构明显,壳层厚度为10~20 nm;中空微球膜的渗透分离性能较壳层材料的本征值有显著提升,在35℃,0. 2 MPa条件下,CO_2的渗透系数增大1. 4~5. 7倍,且分离系数也有所提升. 相似文献
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模板法制备复合中空微球 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
本文报道以一种商品化的聚苯乙烯中空球为模板, 采用溶胀聚合技术合成了具有IPN(Inter-Penetrating Network)结构的复合中空球; 对其中的一种高分子网络进行化学改性引入所需官能团, 制得带有羧基的聚合物凝胶中空球; 利用凝胶诱导生长特性, 成功制得聚合物复合中空球. 此方法无需去除模板就可批量制备各种复合功能中空球. 相似文献
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Shunzhang You Dr. HuiTeng Tan Licheng Wei Dr. Wei Tan Prof. Cheng Chao Li 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2021,27(48):12237-12256
Silicon-based materials that have higher theoretical specific capacity than other conventional anodes, such as carbon materials, Li2TiO3 materials and Sn-based materials, become a hot topic in research of lithium-ion battery (LIB). However, the low conductivity and large volume expansion of silicon-based materials hinders the commercialization of silicon-based materials. Until recent years, these issues are alleviated by the combination of carbon-based materials. In this review, the preparation of Si/C materials by different synthetic methods in the past decade is reviewed along with their respective advantages and disadvantages. In addition, Si/C materials formed by silicon and different carbon-based materials is summarized, where the influences of carbons on the electrochemical performance of silicon are emphasized. Lastly, future research direction in the material design and optimization of Si/C materials is proposed to fill the current gap in the development of efficient Si/C anode for LIBs. 相似文献
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Takashi Kato Norihiro Mizoshita Kenji Kishimoto 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2006,45(1):38-68
In the 21st century, soft materials will become more important as functional materials because of their dynamic nature. Although soft materials are not as highly durable as hard materials, such as metals, ceramics, and engineering plastics, they can respond well to stimuli and the environment. The introduction of order into soft materials induces new dynamic functions. Liquid crystals are ordered soft materials consisting of self‐organized molecules and can potentially be used as new functional materials for electron, ion, or molecular transporting, sensory, catalytic, optical, and bio‐active materials. For this functionalization, unconventional materials design is required. Herein, we describe new approaches to the functionalization of liquid crystals and show how the design of liquid crystals formed by supramolecular assembly and nano‐segregation leads to the formation of a variety of new self‐organized functional materials. 相似文献
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Hyun Jeong Seo Sumin Kim Wansoo Huh Kyung-Won Park Dong Ryeol Lee Dong Won Son Yong-Shik Kim 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2016,123(3):1935-1942
We sought to improve the flame-retardant performance of wood-based materials through the development of a coating material using carbon-based materials. The coating materials were applied to the surfaces of wood-based materials used for interior materials and furniture. We measured fire characteristics of the coated wood-based materials using a cone calorimeter. The coating materials were prepared by the mixing of carbon materials, such as natural graphite, expandable graphite, and exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets, in water-based coating materials. TG analysis revealed that water-based coating materials/carbon material-blended composites had good thermal durability in the working temperature ranges. The flame-retardant performance was confirmed through cone calorimeter experiments, and the result of the experiment satisfied the standard for flame-retardant performance in ISO 5600-1. 相似文献
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《Chemical record (New York, N.Y.)》2018,18(2):118-136
The frequent occurrence of water pollution accidents and the leakage of organic pollutants have caused severe environmental and ecological crisis. It is thus highly imperative to find efficient materials to solve the problem. Inspired by the lotus leaf, superwetting materials are receiving increasing attention in the field of removal of organic pollutants from water. Various superwetting materials have been successfully generated and integrated into devices for removal of organic pollutants from water. On the basis of our previous work in the field, we summarized in this account the progress of removal of (1) floating and underwater insoluble, (2) emulsified insoluble, and (3) both insoluble and soluble organic pollutants from water using superwetting materials including superhydrophobic & superoleophilic materials, superhydrophilic & underwater superoleophobic materials, and materials with controllable wettability. The superwetting materials are in the forms of 2D porous materials, 3D porous materials and particles, etc. Finally, the current state and future challenges in this field are discussed. We hope this account could shed light on the design of novel superwetting materials for efficient removal of organic pollutants from water. 相似文献
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Xue-Qin LI Lin CHANG Shen-Long ZHAO Chang-Long HAO Chen-Guang LU Yi-Hua ZHU Zhi-Yong TANG 《物理化学学报》2017,33(1):130-148
超级电容器作为一种新型的能源存储装置,因为其比容量大、充放电速度快、循环寿命长等优点,在储能领域引起了极为广泛的关注。电极材料是决定超级电容器性能的核心因素,其中,常用的超级电容器电极材料主要有如下三类:碳基材料、金属氧化物及氢氧化物材料和导电聚合物材料。本文综述了超级电容器的工作原理并详细介绍了基于碳材料及其二元、三元复合体系的电极材料的研究进展。 相似文献