I2-环己烯复合物的共振拉曼光谱和密度泛函理论计算研究

实验得到I2-环己烯电荷转移复合物的电子吸收光谱和共振拉曼光谱.用密度泛函方法计算了复合物的基态结构、振动频率和电子跃迁能.计算和吸收光谱实验结果表明,I2-烯烃复合物在约300nm处的强吸收带为pz(I17)→π*(C=C)跃迁,即由靠近C=C双键端的碘原子(I17)上的一个pz电子向C=C双键反键轨道跃迁引起的吸收.在约300nm共振拉曼光谱的强度模式表现为I—I伸缩振动模和C=C伸缩振动模的基频、泛频及其组合频,表明在该激发态上I2-环己烯复合物经历了显著的I—I和C=C的价键变化.     

Fe-AlPO4-5 分子筛的共振拉曼光谱

利用周期性密度泛函的方法,将过渡金属杂原子取代的硅基分子筛的共振拉曼计算结果成功推广到磷铝分子筛体系中.根据对Fe-ZSM-5共振拉曼光谱特点的推广和对Fe-AlPO4-5振动光谱的理论计算结果,预测在Fe-AlPO4-5的共振拉曼光谱的1190、1130、1000-1050和600 cm-1位置附近将出现四条显著的谱带.实验的Fe-AlPO4-5的共振拉曼光谱中确实观察到四条与骨架Fe物种相关的谱带分别位于1210、1130、1050和630 cm-1处,与预测结果一致.另外发现含铁磷铝分子筛的共振振动频率要高于相应的含铁硅基分子筛体系的振动频率,这种频率的差异主要是氧在不同分子筛体系中受力的力常数不同引起的.另外磷氧四面体和铝氧四面体之间的电荷吸引作用对振动频率也有较大的影响.     

Ar2H+ 分子振动光谱的理论计算

基于近期由本组提供的Ar2H+分子的基态势能面,应用含时波包演化方法,计算了总角动量J=0时的振动光谱,并对其中的一些谱峰进行了指认.与现有的ab initio结果进行比较,这个新势能面包含了关于Ar2H+基态的比较正确的信息.     

Fe-AlPO4-5分子筛的共振拉曼光谱

利用周期性密度泛函的方法, 将过渡金属杂原子取代的硅基分子筛的共振拉曼计算结果成功推广到磷铝分子筛体系中. 根据对Fe-ZSM-5共振拉曼光谱特点的推广和对Fe-AlPO4-5振动光谱的理论计算结果, 预测在Fe-AlPO4-5的共振拉曼光谱的1190、1130、1000-1050和600 cm-1位置附近将出现四条显著的谱带. 实验的Fe-AlPO4-5的共振拉曼光谱中确实观察到四条与骨架Fe物种相关的谱带分别位于1210、1130、1050和630 cm-1处, 与预测结果一致. 另外发现含铁磷铝分子筛的共振振动频率要高于相应的含铁硅基分子筛体系的振动频率, 这种频率的差异主要是氧在不同分子筛体系中受力的力常数不同引起的. 另外磷氧四面体和铝氧四面体之间的电荷吸引作用对振动频率也有较大的影响.     

时间域方法分析镍卟啉的共振拉曼强度与S2激发态结构

研究了入射光波长与S0→S2跃迁共振的情形下,卟啉镍配合物（NiP）的振动拉曼光谱。用时间域方法计算了NiP的共振拉曼强度和吸收光谱。结果表明,相对于基态,S2态NiP的分子构型沿着ν8和ν2简正坐标有较大的位移。这些简正坐标主要涉及卟啉环的CαCm键和CβCβ键伸缩运动,以及CαCmCα变角运动。与基态相比, S2态的CβCβ、 CαCm和CαN键分别增大0.27、 0.14、 0.07 pm,而CαCβ键则减小0.20 pm,与前人的赝势分子轨道计算（SPMO）结果相近。还从RR强度角度讨论了S2态的Jahn-Teller畸变。     

染料敏化TiO2纳晶体系激发态振动相干效应对光致电子转移速率的影响

基于激发态电子占有率表达式和Frank-Condon 因子唯象公式, 当染料激发态振动能级单模振动频率为0.2 eV和TiO₂纳晶半导体导带宽为1.4 eV时, 从理论上研究了取不同重组能、注入能级位置和初始振动波包时激发态振动能级间振动相干效应对光致电子转移速率的影响. 与文献的理论结果比较, 证实了唯象公式的合理性, 其相关修正参数分别为A=16, B=0.4735, C=0.1. 本文的工作将为进行光致电子转移速率的实验研究和染料敏化太阳能电池的应用研究提供理论基础和指导.     

尿嘧啶和5-氯尿嘧啶1S0→1S2跃迁动态结构的共振拉曼光谱

采用含时量子波包理论的简单模型对5-氯尿嘧啶和尿嘧啶的共振拉曼光谱开展了强度分析拟合, 获得了1(π, π*)激发态的几何结构变化动态特征. 结果表明, 尿嘧啶1S0→1S2跃迁的动态结构特征因5-位氯原子取代而改变. 5-氯尿嘧啶的动态结构特征主要沿C5=C6伸缩振动+C6H12 弯曲振动和N3H9/N1H7弯曲振动+N1C6伸缩振动反应坐标展开, 而尿嘧啶的动态结构特征主要沿嘧啶环的伸缩振动+C5H11/C6H12/N1H7弯曲振动和C4=O10伸缩振动反应坐标展开. π和π*轨道中氯原子的pz电子参与嘧啶环的p-π共轭作用导致了在1(π, π*)激发态上5-氯尿嘧啶的振动重组能更多地配分给嘧啶环的弯曲振动模式和C5=C6伸缩振动模式. 尿嘧啶在甲醇中的激发态动态结构特征与在水中的基本一致, 但波包沿C5H11/C6H12/N1H7弯曲振动+N1C6伸缩振动(υ12)和环呼吸振动(υ17)反应坐标的运动明显增强.     

四-（4-吡啶基）卟啉二酸聚集体的共振拉曼光谱

研究了近激子吸收带激发下四-（4-吡啶基）卟啉二酸（H8TPyP^6＋）聚集体的共振拉曼光谱。测量了H8TPyP^6＋单体和聚集体的紫外可见吸收谱和共振光散射光谱．在氘代位移的基础上结合相关体系振动光谱研究,对测得的H8TPyP^6＋单体和聚集体的拉曼谱带进行了指认．聚集体的形成导致H8TPyP^6＋的卟啉环CC／CN面内伸缩振动向低波数方向位移2-6cm^-1,而卟啉环鞍形面外振动带向高波数方向位移12cm^-1．基于拉曼谱带的强度和频率变化分析了聚集引起的H8TPyP^6＋分了内结构变化和分子间氢键作用．     

甲基氟苯-氩复合物的分子间振动

在超声分子束装置上,利用多光子共振光电离和飞行时间质谱技术,观测到了三种甲基氟苯-氩复合物S1←S0电子态跃迁的两光子共振电离光谱。通过对光谱的分析和理论计算,获得了三种复合物内部分子音质伸缩振动和弯曲振动的频率。结果显示,F原子和CH3在苯环上取代H原子后,它们的相对位置对伸缩振影响很小,而与弯曲振动有较大的相关。另外,在复合物内部,Ar原子对甲基氟苯中的CH3内转动有明显的阻碍作用。     

有机共轭体系电子转移反应的溶剂重组能

应用Marcus双球模型计算溶剂重组能λs时,在AM1法优化给受体几何构型基础上,提出了共轭体系电子云分布的扁球模型,并用统计的方法求出了rD/A.同时依照Miller等的处理办法,结合其他理论及实验证据将电子转移交叉反应中联苯分子的扭转能计入溶剂重组能λs中,从而用实验速率常数拟合出含扭转能的λs值.此实验拟合值与扁球法得到的λs计算值吻合得很好.通过比较理论值与实验值,发现了给受体间距的大小、受体分子的变化、溶剂的不同对λs计算值相对λs实验值的偏差的影响,直接证实了电子给受体的耦合作用,溶剂分子参与的超交换电子转移及溶质溶剂分子表面相互作用等量子因素造成的实际反应体系对溶剂经典连续介质模型的偏离.     

Resonance Raman Spectroscopic and Theoretical Study of Geometry Distortion of Thiourea in 21A State

The A-band resonance Raman spectra of thiourea were obtained in water and acetonitrile so-lution. B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,3pd) and RCIS/6-311++G(3df,3pd) calculations were done to elucidate the ultraviolet electronic transitions, the distorted geometry structure and the saddle point of thiourea in 2¹A excited state, respectively. The resonance Raman spectra were assigned. The absorption spectrum and resonance Raman intensities were modeled using Heller's time-dependent wavepacket approach to resonance Raman scattering. The re-sults indicate that largest change in the displacement takes place with the C=S stretch mode ν₆ (|△|=0.95) and noticeable changes appear in the H₅N₃H₆+H₈N₄H₇ wag ν₅ (|△|=0.19), NCN symmetric stretch+C=S stretch+N₃H₆+H₈N₄ wag ν₄ (|△|=0.18), while the moderate intensities of 2ν₁₅ and 4ν₁₅ are mostly due to the large excited state frequency changes of ν₁₅, but not due to its significant change in the normal mode displacement. The mechanism of the appearance of even overtones of the S=CN₂ out of plane deformation is explored. The results indicate that a Franck-Condon region saddle point is the driving force for the quadric phonon mechanism within the standard A-term of resonance Raman scattering, which leads to the pyramidalization of the carbon center and the geometry distortion of thiourea molecule in 2¹A excited state.     

Resonance Raman spectroscopy as a probe of the crystallite size of MoS2 nanoparticles

Irregularly shaped and inorganic fullerene-like MoS₂ compounds were characterized by Resonance Raman spectroscopy using an exciting line at 633 nm. It was shown that the relative intensity of the longitudinal acoustic mode at 226 cm⁻¹ and its overtone strongly depends on the MoS₂ crystallite size but not on the size of the particles made of agglomerated crystallites. This technique appeared as a promising probe to characterize in situ very small crystallites that are not observed by XRD.     

Vibrational Property of α-Borophene Determined by Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

We report a Raman characterization of the α borophene polymorph by scanning tunneling microscopy combined with tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. A series of Raman peaks were discovered, which can be well related with the phonon modes calculated based on an asymmetric buckled α structure. The unusual enhancement of high-frequency Raman peaks in TERS spectra of α borophene is found and associated with its unique buckling when landed on the Ag(111) surface. Our paper demonstrates the advantages of TERS, namely high spatial resolution and selective enhancement rule, in studying the local vibrational properties of materials in nanoscale.     

2-硫代嘧啶酮和2-硫代吡啶酮在B-吸收带中的动态结构

采用共振拉曼光谱学结合量子化学计算研究了2-硫代嘧啶酮(2TPM)和2-硫代吡啶酮(2TP)在B-带吸收时的动态结构. 在气相时, 2-巯基嘧啶(2MPM, 硫醇式)比2TPM(硫代酮式)更稳定, 能量差约为15.1 kJ·mol^-1, 而在水和乙腈溶液中, 2TPM比2MPM更稳定, 能量差分别为29.3和28.0 kJ·mol^-1. 气相及基电子态时,由B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)计算水平获得的2TPM和2MPM之间发生质子转移异构化反应的过渡态能垒约为130 kJ·mol^-1. 2TPM三个吸收带分别被指认为π_H→π_L^*, π_H→π_L+1^*和π_H-1→π_L^*跃迁. 基于对2TPM在固体和溶液相傅里叶变换-拉曼(FT-Raman)和傅里叶变换-红外(FT-IR)光谱测量, 以及B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)计算, 开展了2TPM在水和乙腈溶液中的B-带共振拉曼光谱的振动指认, 由此获得了2TPM的动态结构, 并与2TP的动态结构进行了比较. 2TPM和2TP动态结构的差异反映了ππ^*/πσ^*锥形交叉点结构的差异, 因此, 可被用于洞察光诱导的氢原子脱离-复合机制.     

Resonance Raman spectroscopy and DFT calculations of the protonation of 4-(2-pyridylazo)-N,N-dimethylaniline in solution and adsorbed on oxide surfaces

The protonation of 4-(2-pyridylazo)-N,N-dimethylaniline (PYAD) in aqueous solution and its adsorption on oxide surfaces has been studied by resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopy. The gas phase structures of neutral, protonated and diprotonated forms of PYAD were modelled by SCF-DFT calculations at the B3-LYP/DZ level, enabling determination of the simulated vibrational spectra of these species, together with vibrational assignments, and providing confirmation that protonation occurs initially at the pyridyl nitrogen atom. Electronic absorption spectra were interpreted using time-dependent DFT calculations. Adsorption of PYAD on SiO₂ or Al₂O₃ surfaces is mainly via the neutral species, hydrogen bonded to surface OH groups, although a small proportion of adsorbed molecules are protonated. By contrast, adsorption on SiO₂–Al₂O₃ results in complete protonation, indicating the presence of Brønsted acidic sites with pK_a values ? 4.5, whereas adsorption on H-mordenite results in diprotonation, indicating the presence of Brønsted acidic sites with pK_a values ? 2.     

A density functional derived vibrational force field for β-ionone Use of the ultraviolet resonance Raman intensities to check the vibrational analysis accuracy

In the present article we aim to determine an accurate and transferable molecular force field for β-ionone in order to perform molecular dynamics calculations on the retinal isomers. For β-ionone, a force field is derived from calculations using the Density Functional Theory (DFT). The force constants expressed in the internal coordinate space were scaled fitting theoretical to experimental vibrational wavenumbers. The validity of the force field was checked using a comparison between calculated and observed resonance Raman intensities obtained from the A-term part (Franck–Condon) of the scattering tensor.     

2-乙酰基-1-甲基吡咯激发态结构动力学及溶剂效应的共振拉曼光谱和密度泛函理论计算

获取了覆盖紫外光谱中A带和B带吸收的共7个不同激发波长的共振拉曼光谱, 并结合密度泛函理论方法研究了2-乙酰基-1-甲基吡咯(2-Ac-NMP)的A带和B带电子激发和Franck-Condon区域结构动力学. 在TD-B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)计算水平上, A带和B带吸收的跃迁主体为π→π^* . A带和B带共振拉曼光谱分别指认为13个振动模式和8个振动模式的基频、泛频和组合频, 其中C＝O伸缩振动(ν₈)、C3-C4-C5不对称伸缩振动+C2-C6伸缩振动(ν₁₄)及环上CH面内摇摆(ν₁₈)对拉曼光谱强度贡献最大, 表明2-Ac-NMP的S_π激发态结构动力学主要沿反应坐标展开. 考察了溶剂对共振拉曼光谱强度模式的影响, 结果表明, 在同一溶剂中, 随激发波长由长变短, C＝O伸缩振动模(ν₈)的强度呈现出由强变弱再变强的现象. 这种变化规律与Franck-Condon区域S_n/S_π态混合或势能面交叉相关, 并受溶剂的有效调控.     

Importance of weak interactions and conformational equilibrium in N-butyl-N-methylpiperidinium bis(trifluromethanesulfonyl) imide room temperature ionic liquids: Vibrational and theoretical studies

Piperidinium cation-based room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) constitute an important class of ILs because of their unique electrochemical properties as well as non-aromatic nature of the cation. However, detailed structural studies are yet to be done. In this paper, we discuss the molecular structure and vibrational spectra of N-butyl-N-methylpiperidinium bis(trifluromethanesulfonyl) imide, (PIP₁₄NTf₂; where, PIP₁₄ is N-butyl-N-methylpiperidinium and NTf₂ is bis(trifluromethanesulfonyl) imide), obtained with a combined approach of infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopies in the liquid state and density functional theory (DFT) and Hartree–Fock (H–F) based theoretical calculations. DFT calculations, which are found to produce the most stable geometry compared to other two methods (MP2 and H–F), reproduce the experimental IR and Raman spectra reasonably well. Our findings reveal structural properties that profoundly influence intermolecular interactions and melting point. There exists a large variation in the melting point of the ILs studied. While the bromide salt of the piperidinium derivative (PIP₁₄Br) is solid with very high melting point (241 °C), the corresponding NTf₂ salt is low viscous liquid at room temperature (mp: −25 °C). bmimBr (bmim = 1-butyl-1-methylimidazolium) exhibits a substantially lower melting point of 79 °C than PIP₁₄Br, suggesting that more number of strong classical hydrogen bonding interactions in the latter is primarily responsible for the much higher melting point. In addition, involvement of the alkyl group in PIP₁₄ in H-bonding interaction provides additional rigidity in n-butyl chain which is otherwise absent in bmimBr. Interaction energy for PIP₁₄Br is found to be higher than PIP₁₄NTf₂, showing a positive correlation between interaction energy and melting point. A blue shift in CH stretching wavenumber as evident from IR and Raman spectra of PIP₁₄Br IL is a clear indication of the stronger hydrogen bonding as compared to PIP₁₄NTf₂ IL. Furthermore, we experimentally observe the existence of cisoid–transoid conformational equilibrium of NTf₂⁻ anion in the Raman spectrum of PIP₁₄NTf₂ for the first time and determined that transoid NTf₂⁻ anion to be more stable than the corresponding cisoid conformer by 1.04 kcal/mol using DFT. Examination of various conformational possibilities of the cation shows that the butyl group preferentially exists in gauche conformation.