流动注射化学发光法测定法莫替丁

在弱碱性的多聚磷酸钠介质中,二价铜离子、过氧化氢和染料罗丹明B混合可以产生较强的化学发光,法莫替丁对此发光有较强的抑制作用,据此并结合流动注射技术,提出一种直接测定法莫替丁的化学发光方法.其抑制发光强度与法莫替丁的质量浓度在5～1 000 μg·L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限为2.7μg·L-1(S/N=3),对300μg·L-1法莫替丁平行测定11次,其相对标准偏差为2.1%.该方法已用于针剂和片剂中法莫替丁含量的测定,并测得方法的回收率在99.5%～102.8%之间,对方法的化学机理也作了简要探讨.     

高效液相色谱法同时测定化妆品中的法莫替丁、雷尼替丁和西咪替丁

建立高效液相色谱法同时测定化妆品中法莫替丁、雷尼替丁和西咪替丁含量的方法。采用十八烷基键合硅胶填充柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)为色谱柱,以乙腈-0.05 mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,流量为1.0 mL/min,柱温为30℃,检测器为二极管阵列检测器,检测波长为226 nm,进样体积为10μL。法莫替丁、雷尼替丁和西咪替丁与相邻杂质峰之间的分离度良好,其质量浓度分别在0.16~78.84、0.17~83.91、0.17~83.95μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积具有良好的线性关系。平均回收率为94.63%~102.09%,5次重复测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.34%~0.88%。该方法简便快速,专属性强,精密度良好,可用于化妆品中法莫替丁、雷尼替丁和西咪替丁的检测。     

高效液相色谱－共振瑞利散射联用检测人体尿液中的法莫替丁与雷尼替丁

建立了高效液相色谱（HPLC）与共振瑞利散射（RRS）联用检测人体尿液中法莫替丁（FMTD）和雷尼替丁（RNTD）的方法。柱前分离系统以乙腈与醋酸－醋酸钠缓冲溶液（pH 4.5）为流动相等度洗脱,流速为0.5 mL/min,进样量为20 μL,柱温为35 ℃,使用Kinetex 5 μm C18液相色谱柱（250 mm × 4.60 mm）;柱后衍生系统以赤藓红与金属离子Pd（Ⅱ）同时作为探针,探究了柱后衍生的最佳实验条件。结果显示,法莫替丁与雷尼替丁分别在0.024～25 μg/mL和0.033～25 μg/mL质量浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数（r）分别为0.999 0和0.998 8,检出限（S/N＞3）分别为7.3、10.1 ng/mL。采用该方法对已知混合浓度的样品进行测定,加标回收率为97.8%～102%,相对标准偏差（RSD）均不大于5.1%。该方法的可靠性和实用性良好,可用于人体尿液中法莫替丁和雷尼替丁的检测。     

基于碳量子点荧光探针测定法莫替丁的研究

以木炭为碳源,采用回流的方法制备了碳量子点。用荧光光谱、紫外光谱法研究了该碳量子点与法莫替丁的相互作用。实验发现,在pH为7.1的Tris-HCl缓冲溶液中,法莫替丁的加入可使碳量子点荧光信号显著增强,其浓度在8.0×10~(-9)~1.0×10~(-7) mol/L范围内与碳量子点荧光信号强度的增加值△F呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r为0.9993。据此,提出了以碳量子点为荧光探针测定法莫替丁的新方法,方法检出限(3s/k)为2.0×10~(-9) mol/L。该方法简便、快捷、灵敏,应用于样品中法莫替丁含量的测定,回收率范围为98.50%~103.2%。     

Cu2+-H2O2-罗丹明B-西咪替丁化学发光体系的研究

在弱碱性的多聚磷酸钠介质中,二价铜离子、过氧化氢和染料罗丹明B混合可以产生较强的化学发光,西咪替丁对此发光有较强的抑制作用,其抑制发光强度与西咪替丁P43的质量浓度在5.0-1000μg.L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,基于此,结合流动注射技术,建立了一种直接测定西咪替丁的化学发展发光新方法。该方法具有较高的灵敏度,检出限为2.2μg.L-1(IUPAC),对500μg.L-1西咪替丁平行测定11次,其相对标准偏差为2.1%。该方法已成功用于西咪替丁胶囊和针剂含量的测定。     

基于茜素红的荷移反应光度法测定法莫替丁

采用分光光度法研究了法莫替丁和茜素红的荷移反应,建立了荷移分光光度法测定法莫替丁的方法。在水溶液中,法莫替丁和茜素红形成的络合物的最大吸收波长为525 nm,两者的组成比为1比1。法莫替丁质量浓度在8.0~142.0 mg.L-1范围内符合比耳定律。采用此方法分别测定了法莫替丁片剂和胶囊中法莫替丁含量,所得测定值与标示值相符。用标准加入法作方法的回收和精密度试验,测得回收率为100.8%(片剂)和99.6%(胶囊),测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)依次为1.01%及0.56%。     

亲水作用色谱-串联质谱测定尿液中尼古丁和可替宁

建立了测定人尿液中尼古丁和可替宁含量的亲水作用色谱-串联质谱(HILIC-MS/MS)方法。尿样加入尼古丁-d4和可替宁-d3同位素内标后,用水稀释10倍,经过滤后的滤液由超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)进行分离分析。采用ACQUITY UPLC~BEH HILIC色谱柱(50 mm×3.0 mm,1.7μm),以甲醇和体积分数为0.1%的氨水为流动相,流速为0.2 mL/min,在电喷雾电离源正离子模式下测定尿液中尼古丁和可替宁的含量,用标准曲线法定量。尼古丁和可替宁在1.0~1 000μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数分别为0.994 9和0.995 8;检出限分别为0.082μg/L和0.077μg/L;定量限分别为0.27μg/L和0.26μg/L;加标回收率分别为90.4%~103.5%和93.0%~104.6%;相对标准偏差分别为4.80%~6.21%和4.22%~7.15%。应用所建立的方法测定了200份尿样,结果表明,吸烟人群尿中尼古丁含量为26.68~854.30μg/L,可替宁含量为36.66~1 191.18μg/L(n=86,M_(nicotine)=76.00μg/L,M_(nicotine)=83.52μg/L,M为中位数);非吸烟人群尿中尼古丁含量为5.08~69.66μg/L,可替宁含量为3.16~28.21μg/L(n=114,Mnicotine=7.53μg/L,M_(nicotine)=3.79μg/L)。该方法快速灵敏,操作简单,适用于尿样中尼古丁和可替宁的批量测定,能满足烟草暴露评价的需要。     

高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中西咪替丁的不确定度评定

对高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中西咪替丁含量的测量不确定度进行评定。建立高效液相色谱法测定西咪替丁的不确定度数学模型,分析影响测量不确定度的主要因素,包括标准储备溶液配制、系列标准工作溶液配制、样品处理、标准曲线拟合、仪器和测量重复性,计算合成标准不确定度和扩展不确定。该方法测量不确定度主要来源于系列标准溶液的配制,其次为标准曲线的拟合、标准储备溶液的配制和样品处理。当化妆品中西咪替丁的质量分数为485.36μg/g时,扩展不确定度为20.96μg/g (k=2,置信区间P=95%)。     

流动注射胶束化学发光法测定西咪替丁的研究

在碱性条件下K3Fe(CN)6可直接氧化西咪替丁产生化学发光信号,吐温-80的存在可大大增强此反应的化学发光强度。基于此,建立了胶束流动注射化学发光法测定西咪替丁的新方法。在优化的实验条件下,该法的线性范围为1.0×10-7~5.0×10-4g/mL,检出限为2×10-8g/mL,相对标准偏差为1.6%(n=11,ρ=5.0×10-7g/mL)。该法已用于西咪替丁制剂中西咪替丁的测定。     

纳米金催化Luminol-AgNO_3化学发光体系测定盐酸阿米替林

碱性条件下,纳米金对Luminol-Ag NO3化学发光体系有增敏作用,盐酸阿米替林对该化学发光体系有显著的增敏作用。基于此,在优化化学发光反应条件的基础上,提出了测定盐酸阿米替林的新方法,并对其化学发光机理进行了探讨。该法测定盐酸阿米替林的线性范围为3.0×10-9~3.0×10-7g/m L,相关系数(r)为0.999 4,检出限(S/N=3)为2.1×10-9g/m L,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.0%(n=11,ρ盐酸阿米替林=5.0×10-8g/m L)。该法已成功用于药物制剂中盐酸阿米替林含量的测定。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.