气液两相流中气泡形态及运动特征参数提取

对气泡发生装置中竖直向上气泡的形态及运动特征提取方法进行了研究。采集原始气泡图像,进行图像灰度化、差影和中值滤波等图像预处理,针对气泡图像的特点,提出动态阈值压缩大津法进行阈值分割,并结合扫描线种子填充算法与图像形态学运算进行孔洞填充,同时基于边缘面积属性对气泡特征区域进行自动识别。实验结果表明,该方法简单有效,鲁棒性强,可以很好地将目标气泡从背景中分离出来,有效提取气泡周长、面积、圆形度和质心坐标等形态特征参数,并实现气泡运动速度的测量。     

AWGN信道中非恒包络信号SNR估计算法

本文提出一种利用信号自相关矩阵的奇异值分解(SVD)对加性高斯白噪声(AWGN)信道下非恒包络信号信噪比的盲估计算法,并作了详细理论分析.通过对该算法进行计算仿真,结果表明:该算法性能稳定,对MPSK、MQAM信号在实际信噪比为1~20dB时,估计误差小于0.5dB.     

基于欠采样的宽带线性调频信号参数估计

基于中国余数定理解频率模糊和解线调方法,提出一种无模糊欠采样的宽带线性调频信号的调频斜率和初始频率的估计算法.首先,欠采样宽带线性调频信号与其两路不同延迟共轭相乘,根据两路输出信号的单频特性,利用FFT、谱峰检测(PSD)和中国余数定理进行宽带线性调频信号的调制斜率无模糊估计;其次,根据估计的调制斜率数字合成无载波的线性调频信号对另外两路不同延迟的欠采样宽带线性调频信号解线调处理,利用类似方法进行宽带线性调频信号的初始频率无模糊估计.利用频谱细化技术,参数估计精度可进一步提高.计算机仿真证实了算法的有效性.     

一种适用于任意余数基的高性能后向转换结构

后向转换是从余数到二进制数的转换,在余数系统的应用中既是重点也是难点。通过简化中国剩余定理,避免对M求模,提出了一种适用于任意余数基的高性能后向转换结构。该结构采用Verilog HDL进行代码设计,并用VCS和Verdi进行仿真和验证,最后选择SMIC 0.13 μm工艺并采用DC工具完成代码综合,生成面积和时延报告。综合结果表明,该结构的“面积×时延”复杂度较同类的中国剩余定理结构和混合基转换结构,分别降低了23.3%和26.4%,转换性能显著提高。     

一种高精度解析提取太阳电池参数的新方法

基于太阳电池光生电流远大于反向饱和电流、并 联电阻远大于串联电阻以及光生电流 近似等于负的短路电流3个边界条件,结合太阳电池在短路点、开路点和最大功率点处的极值 表述, 提出了一种解析求解太阳电池光生电流、反向饱和电流、理想因子、并联电阻和串联电阻5个电性参 数的方法,并研究了方法的特点。通过与文献实验数据的对比表明,本文方法不仅具有正确 性,而且 适用于各种条件下的各种类型电池;通过实验表明,本文方法具有较高的计算精 度和速度,误差在2%以下,时间小于0.2s。     

Gain and offset analysis of comparator using the bisection theorem and a balanced method

Gain and offset represent two important measures to determine the accuracy of a comparator. Thus, analysis on these parameters is very important as they offer designers better understanding of the circuit and allow exploring trade-offs during design. In this paper, two methods were presented to derive a set of design equations that describe the gain, sensitivity, offset, and systematic mismatches observed in typical comparator circuits. A three-stage, fast complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) comparator structure is analysed and simulated in order to validate the proposed methods. A 0.13 μm CMOS technology is used for simulations with 1.5 V supply voltage. Bisection theorem was used for gain and sensitivity analysis. Simulation results show that high gain improvement can be possible by using the design equations. The input offset voltage, due to mismatch in the width of the metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET) (W) and mismatches in the threshold voltages of the N and P type MOSFETs (V_THN, V_THP), is analysed using a proposed balanced method. The same comparator structure is used for the input offset voltage analysis. Simulations show that an offset improvement can be achieved following the design equations found through the proposed method.     

压缩感知观测矩阵的优化算法

为克服基于压缩感知的图像重构算法存在的不足,文中对观测矩阵设计方法进行了改进,并根据稀疏信号的特点对观测矩阵加权,令奇异值分解得到的对角阵对角线上的元素全部为1。通过仿真实验表明,将改进后的矩阵作为压缩感知算法的观测矩阵,在大压缩比时PSNR值约提高(1~2 dB),在小压缩比较时PSNR值提高了(8~9 dB)。     

An analysis of weighted eigenspace methods in the presence ofsensor errors

Among all direction finding methods, eigenspace-based spectral methods are of interest because they are known to yield asymptotically unbiased and efficient estimates. These algorithms require knowledge of the array geometry and its elements' characteristics. In real systems, only approximate knowledge of the required array characterization is available. There is valid concern that deviation of nominal sensor gain and phase values can result in degradation of DOA estimates. We analyze the effects of sensor gain and phase perturbation on weighted eigenspace methods (WEMs). We quantify the sensitivity of WEMs by first- and second-order statistical analyses. Simulation results are included to validate our analytical results     

灰色预测模型背景值赋值不合理性的证明及改进

文章根据灰色预测模型的建模机理,针对灰色预测模型中背景值的赋值过程,结合拉格朗日中值定理从数学上证明了灰色预测模型中背景值的赋值是不合理的。针对其不合理性,提出了一种模型改进的方法。并以重庆市农村用电量进行了实证分析,验证了模型改进的效果。     

图像奇异值特征矢量缩放不变性分析及应用

图像奇异值特征矢量以其稳定性和它在转置、平移、旋转和镜像变换下具有的不变性,被认为是一种图像的代数特征,广泛应用于图像匹配和图像识别。通过矩阵运算,证明了奇异值特征矢量在图像做缩放变换时具有不变性,并将这种性质运用于图像匹配。实验结果表明这种不变性与奇异值特征矢量在图像做转置、平移、旋转和镜像变换时所具有的不变性一样,是奇异值特征矢量能够作为图像代数特征的一个重要依据。     

一种二极管型红外热探测器热学参数的电学等效测 试方法

红外热探测器的热学参数包括热容、热导、热响应时间,反应了结构信息和器件性能。精确有效地获得这些参数,对探测器的结构优化与性能评估具有指导意义。二极管型红外热探测器是红外热探测器的主要类型之一。基于二极管型红外热探测器的自热效应,提出了一种热学参数的电学等效测试方法,具有测量精度高且实现简单的特点。并对自制的一款二极管型红外焦平面阵列像元进行了测试,测试结果与理论分析相符,验证了方法的可行性。     

弹光调制偏振Stokes参量测量及误差分析

为了更简便地实现Stokes矢量测量，采用一种工作在不同频率上的双弹光调制器，利用它的频率叠加对光进行调制，产生载有被测量的高频调制分量，通过锁相一次得到了适用于所有偏振态测量的4个Stokes分量，且进行了理论分析、仿真验证以及误差分析，即对相位延迟幅度、入射角等因素对测量结果的影响进行了分析。结果表明，该方法实现了只需测量一次便可测出偏振态的所有分量，为进一步工程实现提供了基本的理论支撑。     

工艺变化下互连线分布参数随机建模与延迟分析

随着超大规模集成电路制造进入深亚微米和超深亚微米阶段,电路制造过程中的工艺变化已经成为影响集成电路互连线传输性能的重要因素.文中引入高斯白噪声建立了互连线分布参数的随机模型,并提出基于Elmore延迟度量的工艺变化下的互连延迟估计式;通过简化工艺变化量与互连线参数之间的关系式,对延迟一阶变化量与二阶变化量进行了分析,给出一般工艺变化下互连延迟的统计特性计算方法;另,针对线宽工艺变化推导出互连延迟均值与方差的计算公式.最后通过仿真实验对工艺变化下互连线延迟分析方法及其统计特性计算公式的有效性进行了验证.     

An analysis of wideband direction-of-arrival estimation for closely-spaced sources in the presence of array model errors

This letter presents an analysis of wideband direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for closely-spaced sources using arbitrary antenna array taking into account the effect of array model error, which is important issue in practical implementation. Based on this analysis, a new wideband DOA estimation method without array calibration is then developed to deal with the effects of array errors. The performance improvement of the proposed method in the presence of array errors is shown in simulation results.     

An analysis technique for buried inhomogeneous dielectric objectsin the presence of an air-Earth interface

Complex geological structures are modelled in the presence of an air-Earth interface. A cross-borehole configuration of target, source, and receiver is assumed, with the target itself not restricted as to geometrical cross section or complex permittivity value. Two-dimensional method-of-moment formulations are employed, utilizing cylindrical pulse basis functions and point matching. Scattering from buried dielectric objects is computed near the air-Earth interface for both TE and TM incident fields. A Sommerfeld-Green function is used to represent the effect of the air-Earth interface on the incident fields and the impedance matrix. The TE case is examined for scattering of both the copolarized and cross-polarized electric fields, and several examples are given for a cylindrical target at depths that vary from one to twenty four wavelengths, after which the presence of the air-Earth interface can be neglected. Some experimental results utilizing a 1/40th laboratory scale model and a tunnel-like target are also included for comparison. The technique enables the user to investigate electromagnetic scattering from a variety of complex buried objects whose dimensions are typically in or below the resonance region. The simultaneous relaxation of restrictions on cross section, material properties, and burial depth, together with experimental validation, is not found in the literature to date     

一种改进的基于奇异值分解的信源数目估计算法

信源数目估计问题在盲源分离中具有重要的意义。研究了传感器数目大于信源数目时的源数估计问题。首先分析了用奇异值分解法进行信源数目估计的优势与不足,然后提出了一种改进的基于奇异值分解的信源数目估计算法。该算法首先对含噪混合信号进行奇异值分解,然后检测信号分量与噪声分量之间的转折点,将信号分量与噪声分量区分开来,从而得到信号源的数目。实验仿真表明,该算法在低信噪比以及采样点数较少时仍然具有好的性能。     

AN ALGORITHM OF MOTION ESTIMATION BASED ON UNIT QUATERNION DECOMPOSITION OF THE ROTATION MATRIX

Based on the unit quaternion decomposition of rotation matrix, this paper puts forward an algorithm to estimate motion parameters from the space position vectors of 3D feature points. Rotation matrix's representation with the unit quaternion has no singular points, so the unit quaternion-based estimation method is of more practical importance, and the algorithm in this paper does not need iteration computation compared to those unit quaternion-based methods proposed by Horn(1987) and Su, et al.(1989). Solution's uniqueness analysis of the algorithm and simulation experiment results are also presented, it can be seen that performance of our method is satisfactory.     

网络中多敏感属性数据发布隐私保护研究

随着网络技术的快速发展,许多社会网站被创建和使用,使得关于个人的社会网络信息大量被收集和发布.为了保证个人隐私的安全,本文提出了一个新的集值属性(k,l)anonymity隐私原则,开发了一个满足这个隐私原则的隐私算法来高效地处理集值属性数据流.并通过实验进行了验证本算法的高效率和有效性.     

一种改进的先验知识正弦信号参数估计方法

本文提出了一种估计具有先验知识的多正弦信号参数的改进方法.该方法首先利用信号增强技术对观测序列进行降噪预处理;然后采用简单的迭代计算消除观测序列中的已知频率信号分量.仿真实验表明,本文方法充分利用了测量过程的先验知识,对观测序列进行参数估计时比传统的正弦信号提取方法具有更高的估计精度,能够得到良好的估计结果.     

基于极化特征参数和极化干涉最优参数的改进四元素分解方法

雷达目标的后向散射对目标姿态与雷达视线的相对几何关系十分敏感,同一目标相对于雷达视线的姿态不同时,散射特性十分不同。倾斜地表和倾斜建筑物等目标可能扭转后向散射回波的极化基,进而导致交叉极化分量过高,图像体散射成分过估计。该文针对图像体散射成分过估计的现象,提出一种基于极化特征参数($ H/{\alpha} $)和极化干涉相似性参数(PISP)的极化干涉分解方法。该方法充分考虑了散射体在雷达视线方向上的散射多样性,对不同取向的倾斜地表和倾斜建筑物等目标产生的交叉极化分量进行更好的适配,得到更好的分解结果。最后,利用由中国科学院电子学研究所获取的机载C波段全极化干涉数据验证该方法在极化干涉分解中的有效性。实验结果表明,该改进算法可以有效、正确地区分地物散射特性。