Effect of infection withVerticillium dahliae on the bound and strongly bound lipids of cotton seeds of varieties with contrasting resistance

The lipids of the kernels of ripe cotton seeds of varieties resistant and susceptible to verticillium wilt have been determined. Intra- and intervariety changes in these indices for the infected plants have been revealed. Different directions of the post-infection changes in the lipids according to the degree of resistance of the variety to wilt have been shown. Differences have been observed both in healthy and in infected plants.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 89 14 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 609–612, September–October, 1994.     

Effect of infection byVerticillium dahliae on the lipid complex of cotton seeds from varieties with contrasting resistance

The yields and fatty acid compositions of the free lipids and lipids weakly and strongly bound to proteins from seeds of cottonplant varieties resistant and susceptible to verticillium wilt have been determined and the changes in these indices in the seeds of the infected plants have been measured. It has been established that the seeds of healthy plants of the two varieties are similar in the qualitative compositions of the lipids and fatty acids but differ with respect the amounts of lipids in them bound with protein in different ways and with respect to the amounts of the individual fatty acids. The observed changes in the lipid and fatty-acid compositions depend on the degree of resistance of the variety to wilt.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 89 14 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 605–608, September–October, 1994.     

Lipids of some aquatic plants of the Central Volga region

The lipid characteristics of five species of aquatic plants of the Central Volga region have been investigated. The total amount of lipids and the ratio of neutral lipids and glyco- and phospholipids have been found and the amounts of individual phospholipids and also the fatty-acid composition and the distribution of the fatty acids over the lipid classes have been determined.Institute of the Ecology of the Volga Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tol'yatti. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 206–209, March–April, 1995. Original article submitted August 15, 1994.     

Isolation of the phospholipids of the cotton plant and their composition

Summary The yields of the free and bound lipids of the seed kernels of cotton plants of varieties S-4727 and S-6029 have been determined by their successive treatment with selective solvent, and the total and fractional proportions of lipid phosphorus have been found.The phospholipids have been solated and their group composition has been determined; it has been established that the main components are phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylinositols, and phosphatidylethanolamines, while polyglycerophosphatides, lysophosphatidylcholines, and unidentified polar phospholipid are present in small amounts.The fatty-acid compositions of the free and bound lipids and phospholipids have been studied.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of the Uzbek SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 449–453, July–August, 1975.     

Influence of infection by Verticillium dahliae on the cuticular lipids of the leaves of cotton plants of variety 175

The composition of the cuticular lipids of young leaves of cotton plants of the wilt-resistant variety 175-F has been determined and it has been established that on artificial infection of the plant with cotton wilt(Verticilliuim dahliae) the component composition of these lipids did not change but the level of the 18:0, 18:1, and 18:2 acids in esters of fatty acids with alkanol, sterols, and triterpenols fell.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbek. Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 765–768, November–December, 1991.     

Lipids of the fruit of Rumax paulsenianus

The lipids of the fruit ofRumex paulsenianus have been investigated. The lipid content of the seeds was 7.8% and of the perianths 0.58%. Of the 18 classes of lipids detected, 16, including anthraquinone pigments, were identified by CC and TLC and by UV and IR spectroscopies and mass spectrometry. The low-molecular-mass triacylgly-cerols dimyristoylacetin, dimyristoylcaproin, myristoylcaproylacetin, and hydroxylipids have been detected in the fruit of plants of the Polygonaceae family for the first time.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 604–611, September–October, 1990.     

Lipids of the products of processing of cotton seeds

The free, bound, and strongly bound lipids of the crushed seeds, pulp, husks, and meal have been characterized. It has been shown that the bound and strongly-bound lipids differ from the free lipids by a higher level of saturated acids. The acid numbers of the bound lipids are 5–6 times higher than those of the free lipids.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbek SSR Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 66–68, January–February, 1989.     

A comparative investigation of the fatty acid compositions of the seeds of a number of lines of a genetic collection of Gossypium hirsutum

A comparative analysis has been made of the amounts of lipids and their fatty-acid compositions in the seeds of the lines of agenetic collection of cotton plants of the speciesGossypium hirsutum and their hybrids and the variety Tashkent-1. The results obtained on the fatty-acid compositions of some hybrids make it possible to recommend the use of individual lines of cotton plants as donors for improving the food-value indices of cottonseed oil.Institute of Chemsitry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. V. I. Lenin Tashkent State University. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 173–176, March–April, 1991.     

Compositions of the lipids of the whitefishCoregonus peled from different parts of the body

The composition of the total, the neutral, and the polar lipids of the whitefishCoregonus peled (Gmelin) from different parts of the body — the white muscles of the back and abdomen, the red muscles, the brain, the internal organs, and the fish as a whole — have been studied. The amounts of lipids in these sections were 6.6, 16.1, 20.1, 13.8, 40.0, and 8.4%, respectively. It has been shown that the total and neutral lipids are similar with respect to the main groups of lipids, the bulk of them being represented by triacylglycerols (76.0–82.6%) and phospholipids (2.8–5.8%). The composition of the phospholipids depended substantially on their localization. In the lipids of the white muscles of the back, with a low level of choline-containing lipids, phosphatidylethanolamine and cardiolipin predominated. The lipids of the viscera were distinguished by a high content of sphingomyelin. A high level of choline-containing lipids and cerebrosides was found in the tissues of the brain.Tumen' State Medical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 24–27, January–February, 1985.     

Comparative investigation of the composition of the protease inhibitors of wilt-resistant and wilt-susceptible varieties of cotton

The amounts and the group, class, and fatty-acid compositions of the feebly-and the strongly-bound lipids of the total protein fraction of cotton seeds that inhibits the growth of the pathogenic fungusVerticillium dahliae Kleb. have been determined. The main differences of the indices for the seeds of healthy and infected plants of two varieties contrasted by their degrees of susceptibility to verticillium wilt have been established.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 89 14 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 474–480, July–August, 1994.     

Protein-lipid complexes of cotton kernels and the products of their processing

The composition and lipid content of the lipoprotein complexes of cotton kernels (I), meal (II), and isolate (III) have been investigated. It has been shown that with the aid of an acidic alcohol-containing extractant it is possible to isolate up to 99% of the strongly bound lipids (SBLs) of their total mass. In the composition of the strongly bound lipids (I–III) have been found neutral lipids comparable with the free lipids of the kernel; of polar lipids, glycolipids were present. It was found that an acid extractant extracts polyphenolic compounds together with the SBLs.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 466–472, July–August, 1990.     

Chemical composition and pharmacological properties of plants of the genusStachys

This review gives information of the distribution of alkaloids, carbohydrates, lipids, essential oils, diterpenoids, iridoids, flavonoids, and pigments in plants of the genusStachys L. (fam. Lamiaceae). It has been shown that the genusStachys is of interest for researchers as a source of biologically active substances of various classes which are responsible for the broad spectrum of pharmaceutical-therapeutic action of plants of this genus and drugs prepared from them. Characteristic for these plants is a low content of saturated fatty acids in the seed lipids and, in the epigeal part, of essential oils, an accumulation of iridoids of the aucubin type, and the fact that all the flavone derivatives present have a large number of substituents in ring A of the flavone nucleus. This indicates the antiquity and phylogenetic primitiveness of theStachys genus. The results of chemical and pharmacological-therapeutic studies of plants of theStachys genus growing on the territory of the former USSR are given. Literature sources up to and including 1991 have been used.Division of the Institute of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, fax 2926511 - BOX 18777; and Tashkent State University, fax 462472. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 699–709, November–December, 1994.     

Fatty-acid composition of the lipids of coregonids of the Ob basin

The fatty acid compositions of the lipids of the muscles of the back and of the abdomen of a pelyad from the lakes of the Ob basin have been studied by gas-liquid chromatography; 29 acids have been detected of which 27 have been identified. It has been established that the lipids of the muscles of the back of the pelyad contain 37.2% of polyunsaturated and 37.3% of monoenoic acids the main components of which are oleic, palmitic, palmitoleic, octadecatetraenoic, and eicosapentaenoic acids, amounting in total to 65%. The lipids of the muscles of the pelyad are unique among lipids of fresh-water fish in their content of tri- and tetraenoic acids. As compared with the usual composition, the neutral lipids are characterized by higher amounts of monoenoic and lower amounts of polyenoic acids.Tyumen' State Medical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 555–558, September–October, 1981.     

Epoxy and hydroxy acids of the seed oil ofGaleopsis bifida

The lipids of the seeds of the hemp nettle, which is toxic for ruminants have been studied. The composition of the fatty acids of five classes of lipids and the position-species composition of the triacylglycerols have been determined. The presence of epoxyacyl- and hydroxyacylglycerols in the oil and the structures of the acids of these lipids have been established. Squalene has been isolated from the oil.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 288–295, May–June, 1981.     

Lipids of cottonseed kernels

The free, bound, and strongly bound lipids of the seed kernels of the cotton plant of variety 108-F have been studied. It has been shown that the free and bound lipids include 97.3% and 47.6% of neutral lipids, respectively. The polar lipids consist mainly of phospholipids and glycolipids. Two groups of glycolipids — sterol glycosides and glycosylglycerides — have been isolated and their compositions have been determined.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 435–438, July–August, 1983.     

Polar lipids of cotton seeds and the products of their processing

The compositions and amounts of polar lipids in cotton seeds and the products of their processing have been investigated. Six glycolipids have been identified, the main ones being monogalactosyldiglyceride (MGDGs), digalactosyldiglycerides (DGDGs), and sterol glycosides. The fatty acid compositions of the neutral lipids and of the phospho- and glycolipids have been determined. In the glycolipids, saturated fatty acids — palmitic and stearic — predominated.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbekistan Republic Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 194–198, March–April, 1993.     

Unusual acid isomers in the phospholipids ofErysimum

Summary The great diversity of the fatty acids of the total phospholipids and of the neutral lipids of the seedsErysimum sp.(sylvestris?) has been shown. By combination of the methods of UV, IR, and mass spectrometry, and also by TLC and GLC analyses with chemical methods of analysis with the fatty acids the presence in the phospholipids of the seeds of this plant of isomers of linoleic and eicosadienic acids that are unusual for the phospholipids of higher plants has been shown.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 180–184, March–April, 1978.     

Lipid complex of the kernels of seeds of cotton plants of the wilt-resistant variety 175-F

The amount, qualitative and class compositions, and total fatty acid composition of the free, bound, and strongly bound lipids of kernels of the seeds of cotton plant of variety 175-F have been determined, and with the aid of enzymatic hydrolysis the strongly bound lipids have been isolated from the cottonseed kernels in the native form. It has been established that more than half the weight of the lipids comprises neutral varieties and the remainder are polar components. The lipids of the more stable lipid-protein complexes possess a higher degree of saturation.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 314–318, May–June, 1991.     

Group composition of the neutral lipids in the oil of the fruit ofHippophaë rhamnoides

The composition of the neutral lipids of the fruit flesh and seeds of two forms of sea buckthorn have been determined. The presence of more than 20 groups of lipids has been shown. The two oils differed in the amounts and compositions of their carotenoids and acyl glycerols and the amounts of alcohols, free fatty acids, and esters.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 300–305, May–June, 1984.     

Post-infection changes in lipids of the roots of a cotton plant variety moderately resistant to Verticillium dahliae

A comparative study has been made of the lipid composition of healthy roots of the cotton plant of the Tashkent-1 variety (I) and of the corresponding plants infected withVerticillium dahliae Kleb. (II) grown under field conditions. The action of the factors of infection stress and seasonal and climatic conditions change the lipid metabolism. In lipids (I) and (II) seven classes of neutral lipids (NLs), three classes of glycolipids, and six classes of phospholipids (PLs) were identified and their fatty acid compositions were determined. It was established that in (II) there was a smaller amount of total lipids, NLs, and PLs, and an increased level of polyphenolic pigments, but the level of gossypol pigments with free aldehyde groups was unchanged. In the NLs of (II), as compared with (I), there were more triacylglycerols, sterols, triterpenols, and squalene. Complex changes were observed in the fatty acid composition of the acyl-containing lipids.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbek SSR Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 59–63, January–February, 1989.