主链光学活性1-庚烯-一氧化碳共聚物合成与表征

在阳离子钯 配体催化剂的存在下 ,烯烃与一氧化碳 (ＣＯ)交替共聚形成聚酮 ,这是一类非常有用的新材料 ,引起了广泛的关注[1] .合成聚酮有两种引发方式 :自由基引发共聚和过渡金属引发共聚 .在高的温度和压力下 ,用两种方式都可以得到聚酮 ,但其中的一氧化碳含量却随一氧化碳的分压变化[2 ] .随后发现了中性膦 钯催化剂[3 ] ,可在较温和的条件下实施一氧化碳与丙烯的交替共聚 ,且其一氧化碳含量不随一氧化碳分压变化 .高效催化剂主要有三部分组成 ,阳离子钯、弱或非配位的阴离子[4 ] 以及二齿膦或二氮配体[5] .一氧化碳插入过渡金属 碳σ 键…     

氮配位单茂金属烯烃聚合催化剂

本文综述了近些年来以含氮基团为阴离子配体的单茂金属化合物作为烯烃精确聚合的催化剂的研究。氮配位单茂金属催化剂在烯烃聚合中显示出独特的特性,特别是对于乙烯的共聚合,不仅能得到Ziegler-Natta催化剂和传统茂金属催化剂不能合成的新的共聚物,还有优于其他单茂金属催化剂的共聚活性。环戊二烯基和含氮阴离子配体的改性是所得催化剂聚合效果的关键。本文涉及了乙烯均聚以及乙烯与α-烯烃(己烯-1、辛烯-1等)、苯乙烯和环烯烃(降冰片烯、四环十二碳烯等)的共聚合。     

球磨双金属氰催化剂催化CO_2/环氧丙烷/四氯苯酐三元共聚

由于共聚配合剂的加入有利于提高双金属氰催化剂(DMC)的催化活性,因此本文通过加入不同的共聚配合剂,采用绿色高效的机械球磨法制备了Zn-Co DMC催化剂体系,然后将DMC用于制备CO2、环氧丙烷和四氯苯酐(THPA)的三元共聚物聚碳酸亚丙酯四氯苯酐(PPCPA)。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、多晶X射线衍射(XRD)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)和热重分析(TG)等技术手段表征了催化剂和PPCPA的结构和性能。结果表明,共聚配合剂辅助球磨Zn-Co DMC催化聚合反应转化数25.67~141.80,PPCPA数均相对分子量2.21×10~3~3.15×10~3,多分散指数1.04~1.24,呈现窄分布。PPCPA的热稳定性要高于聚碳酸亚丙酯(PPC),热分解温度提高了129.8℃。     

不同催化剂作用下聚乳酸/聚碳酸亚丙酯的酯交换反应

选用辛酸亚锡[Sn(Oct)₂]和钛酸四丁酯(TBT)作为聚乳酸(PLA)/聚碳酸亚丙酯(PPC)的酯交换反应催化剂, 研究了溶液条件下单一催化剂及复合催化剂对PLA/PPC酯交换反应的催化作用. 通过对反应产物的分子结构、 热力学及流变学行为进行分析, 结果发现, 无论在单一催化剂还是复合催化剂作用下, PLA与PPC分子间均发生了酯交换反应, 同时伴随着断链反应. 其中, 当Sn(Oct)₂作为单一催化剂或Sn(Oct)₂/TBT作为复合催化剂时, 样品更倾向发生断链反应而非显著的酯交换反应. 进一步分析纯样品在催化剂Sn(Oct)₂或TBT作用下的反应情况, 结果发现, PPC在反应最初阶段以高分子量的分子链断链为主, 且会发生明显的解拉链降解, 从而导致PLA/PPC在等质量比时酯交换反应程度不高, 这为今后更好地研究PLA/PPC酯交换反应提供了思路.     

用于烯烃与(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯配位共聚的非茂后过渡催化剂研究进展

非茂后过渡金属催化剂因其良好的耐杂原子能力在催化烯烃和极性单体共聚合方面表现出很好的特性,并具有潜在的工业应用前景。本文综述了近年来Fe、Co、Ni、Pd、Cu等非茂后过渡金属催化剂催化乙烯、丙烯与(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯配位共聚的研究状况,重点介绍了Fe、Co、Ni、Pd为中心金属的非茂后过渡金属催化剂的结构对乙烯、丙烯与(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯配位共聚的催化活性和所得共聚物分子量的影响,并强调了设计新型配体是开发新型非茂后过渡金属催化剂的一种重要途径。     

二氧化碳与环氧化物的三元共聚反应动力学过程控制

二氧化碳共聚物的分子结构调控有助于改善其物化性能,尤其是对深受低玻璃化温度困扰的二氧化碳(CO₂)-环氧丙烷(PO)共聚物(PPC).引入氧化环己烯(CHO)为第三单体进行三元共聚是提高PPC耐温性能的重要途径,但是三元共聚反应过程复杂,其动力学研究还处于探索阶段.本文以均相的卟啉铝配合物为催化剂,利用Fineman-Ross方程和在线红外光谱研究CO₂/PO/CHO的三元共聚反应.实验发现较低共聚温度(60～70℃)下PO与CHO的单体竞聚率均小于1,因此通过调整单体投料比即可制备出无规共聚物,进而调整三元共聚物的热力学性能.当共聚温度高于70℃时,CHO竞聚率大幅提高,更容易生成嵌段共聚物.在线红外反应动力学研究表明,此催化体系70℃即使在极低黏度下依然可以快速引发聚合反应,但聚合温度提高后,环状碳酸酯生成量会大幅提升,可明显观察到聚合物的解拉链反应.     

Co3O4表面物种对甲醛氧化催化性能的影响

采用沉淀法制备了Co3O4催化剂,并将催化剂在流动的N2或O2气氛中于不同温度下进行预处理.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、热重-差示扫描量热分析(TG-DSC)、程序升温脱附(O2/CO2-TPD,HCHO-TPSR)和原位漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(in situ DRIFTS)等手段对催化剂表面物种进行了表征.结果表明,Co3O4-N2-200催化剂表面存在Co3+不饱和配位中心和丰富的弱配位氧负离子,容易形成双配位的甲酸盐,并转化成单配位的甲酸盐,进一步分解为产物.     

聚碳酸亚丙酯的化学改性

利用温室气体二氧化碳(CO2)与环氧化合物共聚制备具有生物可降解性的脂肪族聚碳酸酯是近年来聚合物科学领域的研究热点之一。其中最受关注的是CO2和环氧丙烷(PO)的交替共聚物-聚碳酸亚丙酯(PPC)。由于PPC的分子间作用力比较弱,致使其热性能和力学性能较差,限制了其规模化生产与应用。三元共聚、嵌段共聚、接枝、扩链、交联和封端等化学方法是调控PPC链结构进而改善其性能的最直接最有效途径。本文对这一研究领域的进展情况进行了综述,探讨了化学改性过程中面临的挑战和问题,指出了未来发展的新趋势,以期促进PPC的开发和应用。     

稀土络合催化苯乙烯-马来酸酐配位共聚

本文首次应用稀土配位催化剂NdL_3-A1(i-Bu)_3,在苯溶剂中,50℃下使苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚,制得富于交替,数均分子量高达6—8.5×10~5的白色粉末共聚物。系统地研究了共聚合反应的特征及动力学行为,共聚合反应具有低的表现活化能(10.5kJ/mol),并且不被对苯二酚所阻聚。不同配体稀土(钕)催化剂活性次序为:Nd(naph)_3>Nd(P_(507))_3～NdCl_3·6H_2O>Nd(P_(204))_3>Nd(acac)_3·3H_2O,并且,初步揭示了共聚合反应的机理——两种单体形成电荷转移络合物参与增长的配位共聚。     

Fe—Al配位催化环氧丙烷均聚

用于环氧丙烷开环聚合的催化剂为有机金属化合物和稀土络合物等,在对于铁系催化剂催化丁二烯聚合、马来酸酐与苯乙烯共聚和邻苯二甲酸酐与环氧丙烷共聚的研究基础上,我们首次将这一类催化剂用于环氧化物的开环均聚上,发现Fe(acac)3-Al(i-Bu）3催化剂具有良好的催化活性,并进行了产物结构和反应动力学的研究,结构分析表明Fe(acac)3-Al(i-Bu）3催化剂体系具有良好的立体定向性。     

Green and efficient cycloaddition of CO_2 toward epoxides over thiamine derivatives/GO aerogels under mild and solvent-free conditions

Thiamine derivatives that are cheap, readily available, non-toxic and green are used as heterogeneous catalyst for the generation of cyclic carbonates through cycloaddition of CO_2 to epoxides without the need of co-catalyst and solvent. The interaction between thiamine hydrochloride(VB_1-Cl) and substrates(CO_2 and propylene oxide) was proven by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and ~1H nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, and it is deduced that the synergistic action among multi-functional groups(hydroxyl, halide anion and amine) is a favorable factor for cycloaddition reaction. A series of VB_1/GO aerogels were facilely prepared through the addition of aqueous VB_1 derivatives to a suspension of GO in ethanol at room temperature. It was found that the aerogel generated through the interaction of VB_1-Cl with GO shows catalytic activity and stability higher than those of VB_1-Cl. It is because the electrostatic interaction between GO and VB_1-Cl enhances the nucleophilicity and leaving ability of anion. The effects of reaction temperature, catalyst loading, CO_2 pressure and reaction time on CO_2 cycloaddition to propylene oxide were thoroughly studied.     

稀土三元催化剂催化二氧化碳/环氧丙烷/环氧环己烷的三元共聚合研究

在稀土三元催化剂(三氯乙酸稀土配合物/二乙基锌/甘油)催化下实现了二氧化碳、环氧丙烷及环氧环己烷的三元共聚合.该催化剂对二氧化碳与环氧环己烷共聚的催化活性比对二氧化碳与环氧丙烷共聚的高.增加反应单体中环氧环己烷的比例可提高共聚物中环己撑碳酸酯的含量,大幅度改善共聚物的耐热性.     

带双键侧链的二氧化碳三元共聚物的合成及性能研究

二氧化碳和环氧丙烷共聚物的玻璃化温度处于35～40℃,在低于20℃的环境下脆性很大.在稀土三元催化剂Y(CCl3COO)3ZnEt2甘油(glycerine)下实现了CO2、环氧丙烷(PO)和烯丙基缩水甘油醚(AGE)的三元共聚,合成了侧链带双键的二氧化碳共聚物,其玻璃化温度(Tg)为-15.4～36.1℃,大幅度拓展了二氧化碳共聚物的低温区使用范围.     

聚碳酸丁二酸亚丙酯的合成和生物降解

通过CO_2—环氧丙烷(PO)—丁二酸酐(SA)三元共聚得到聚碳酸丁二酸亚丙酯(PPCS),PPCS中CO_2和SA单元随机分布,共聚物的分子量可在3万以下调节,PPCS可被白腐菌降解:在模拟生理条件下因水解而质量减小,分子量下降。     

Design and characterization of bi-soft segmented polyurethane microparticles for biomedical application

Bi-soft segmented poly(ester urethane urea) microparticles were prepared and characterized aiming a biomedical application. Two different formulations were developed, using poly(propylene glycol), tolylene 2,4-diisocyanate terminated pre-polymer (TDI) and poly(propylene oxide)-based tri-isocyanated terminated pre-polymer (TI). A second soft segment was included due to poly(?-caprolactone) diol (PCL). Infrared spectroscopy, used to study the polymeric structure, namely its H-bonding properties, revealed a slightly higher degree of phase separation in TDI-microparticles. TI-microparticles presented slower rate of hydrolytic degradation, and, accordingly, fairly low toxic effect against macrophages. These new formulations are good candidates as non-biodegradable biomedical systems.     

二氧化碳/环氧丙烷/γ-丁内酯三元共聚物微球降解性的研究

动物体内的体液和肠胃等器官的环境各不相同，这就要求各种不同用途的载药体的降解性能必须满足特定环境的要求。同时，可降解材料在不同的降解介质中通常有着不同的降解表现，这也决定着可降解材料的运用环境。因此，有必要对降解性材料在不同降解介质中的降解性进行专门的研究，由CO2和环氧化物合成的脂肪族聚碳酸酯具有良好的生物降解性能。     

二氧化碳与环氧化物的调节共聚合反应速率

在二氧化碳和环氧化物共聚时加入特定的调节剂，生成有规定的分子量和端基官能度的产物．这种调节聚合的本质是调节剂所含活泼氢与活性中心之间的链转移反应．根据建议的历程，提出了调节共聚速率方程，计算结果与实验一致．     

Nitrogen-containing organozinc and organoaluminum as catalyst for stereospecific polymerization of propylene oxide

Catalytic activities of the reaction products of diethylzinc or triethylaluminum with primary amines in the polymerization of propylene oxide were studied. Generally, organozinc compounds give higher ratio of the crystalline to the amorphous polymer than the organoaluminums. In the reactions of organometallic compounds with primary amines, Et₂AlNPhAlEt₂, Et₂AlN-t-BuAlEt₂, EtZnNH-t-Bu, and EtZn-t-BuZnEt were isolated in crystalline state. EtZnN-t-BuZnEt proved to be an excellent catalyst for the stereospecific polymerization of propylene oxide and forms coordination complexes with some electron donors such as dioxane, pyridine, epichlorohydrin and propylene oxide. The propylene oxide complex is unstable in solution and decomposes at temperatures above room temperature to give poly(propylene oxide), while the pyridine complex has no catalytic activity. Therefore, it is concluded that the polymerization of propylene oxide with this catalyst proceeds through the coordination of propylene oxide to the zinc atom of the catalyst.     

Comparative kinetic studies of the copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide and propylene oxide with carbon dioxide in the presence of chromium salen derivatives. In situ FTIR measurements of copolymer vs cyclic carbonate production

The catalysis of the reaction of carbon dioxide with epoxides (cyclohexene oxide or propylene oxide) using the (salen)Cr(III)Cl complex as catalyst, where H(2)salen = N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexenediimine (1), to provide copolymer and cyclic carbonate has been investigated by in situ infrared spectroscopy. As previously demonstrated for the cyclohexene oxide/CO(2) reaction in the presence of complex 1, coupling of propylene oxide and carbon dioxide was found to occur by way of a pathway first-order in catalyst concentration. Unlike the cyclohexene oxide/carbon dioxide reaction catalyzed by complex 1, which affords completely alternating copolymer and only small quantities of trans-cyclic cyclohexyl carbonate, under similar conditions propylene oxide/carbon dioxide produces mostly cyclic propylene carbonate. Comparative kinetic measurements were performed as a function of reaction temperature to assess the activation barrier for production of cyclic carbonates and polycarbonates for the two different classes of epoxides, i.e., alicyclic (cyclohexene oxide) and aliphatic (propylene oxide). As anticipated in both instances the unimolecular pathway for cyclic carbonate formation has a larger energy of activation than the bimolecular enchainment pathway. That is, the energies of activation determined for cyclic propylene carbonate and poly(propylene carbonate) formation were 100.5 and 67.6 kJ.mol(-1), respectively, compared to the corresponding values for cyclic cyclohexyl carbonate and poly(cyclohexylene carbonate) production of 133 and 46.9 kJ.mol(-1). The small energy difference in the two concurrent reactions for the propylene oxide/CO(2) process (33 kJ.mol(-1)) accounts for the large quantity of cyclic carbonate produced at elevated temperatures in this instance.     

Enantioselectivity of adsorption sites created by chiral 2-butanol adsorbed on Pt(111) single-crystal surfaces

The adsorption and thermal chemistry of 2-butanol and propylene oxide, each individually and when coadsorbed together, were characterized on Pt(111) single-crystal surfaces by using temperature programmed desorption and reflection-adsorption infrared spectroscopies. The formation of chiral superstructures on the surface upon the deposition of submonolayer coverages of enantiopure 2-butoxide species, produced by thermal dehydrogenation of 2-butanol, was highlighted by their difference in behavior toward the adsorption of the two enantiomers of propylene oxide. It was found that a significant enhancement in adsorption is possible on surfaces with the same chirality of the probe molecule, that is, for (R)-propylene oxide adsorption on (R)-2-butoxide layers and for (S)-propylene oxide adsorption on (S)-2-butoxide layers. The propylene oxide probe was found to also adsorb with the ring closer to the surface in those cases. Finally, less butoxide decomposition is seen at higher temperatures from the homochiral pairing, presumably because the coadsorbed propylene oxide forces the alkoxides into a more compact and better packed structure on the surface.