某些非极性和极性溶质在苯和甲醇及二者混合物中的偏摩尔体积V0, 298.15 K

密度法测定了298.15 K下乙醇、环己烷、三氯甲烷、甲苯、丙酮、四氯化碳、乙腈、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜在甲醇或苯及两者混合物中的无限稀释偏摩尔体积. 密度测定所用溶液中溶质的浓度范围是0.2一1.5 m; 甲醇和苯混合物是全组成比范围. 溶质偏摩尔体积随甲醇-苯组成比的变化趋势反映了几种分子间相互作用结果即三种分子间物理型分子间相互作用; 溶质与甲醇分子氢键缔合相互作用; 溶质同甲醇或苯的弱络合作用。     

氨基酸-醇-水体系的密度与表观摩尔体积

用DMA602/60型震动管数字密度计测定了298.15 K下甘氨酸、丙氨酸分别在纯水和四个不同浓度甲醇、乙醇和丙醇水溶液中的密度, 计算了相应的表观摩尔体积, 用最小二乘法拟合了氨基酸在醇水溶液中的标准偏摩尔体积. 根据McMillan-Mayer理论拟合了水溶液中氨基酸分别与醇相互作用的对相互作用参数Vab和三相互作用参数Vabb, Vaab. 结果表明甘氨酸、丙氨酸在醇水溶液中的表观摩尔体积都随醇浓度的增加而增加, 都属亲水破坏性溶质; 其自相互作用参数和三相互作用参数均为正值, 对相互作用参数Vab均为负值且随烃基链的延长, 负值依次增大. 分别根据极性分子的相互作用模型、结构水化模型和溶剂分离缔合模型进行了讨论.     

在278.15-318.15 K范围内DMF-H2O体系的超额摩尔体积及DMF的表观摩尔体积和偏摩尔体积的测定与研究

本文应用振动管式密度计, 测定了278.15—318.15 K范围内10个温度下, DMF-H_2溶液的密度随组成的变化. 根据密度值求出溶液的超额体积VE; 在全部浓度的范围内不同组成下DMF的表观摩尔体积φv及偏摩尔体积V_(DMF); 及VE、φv和V_(DMF)随组成变化的规律. 发现V_(DMF)随x_(DMF)的变化与NaCl由水至DMF-H_2O溶液的转移熵有对应的变化规律, 均在x_(DMF)≈0.075处有极值, 从而进一步对DMF-H_2O的液体结构进行了讨论, 认为当x_(DMF)=0.075时, 单个DMF分子可能嵌入12个水分子组成的分子笼中, 从而形成最紧密结构。     

用Pitzer理论预测混合电解质溶液的偏摩尔体积

用Pitzer理论研究了混合电解质溶液的偏摩尔体积,建立了偏摩尔体积的预测方法,并利用所得电解质溶液的表观摩尔体积的Pitzer参数预测了HNO₃-UO₂(NO₃)₂-H₂O、KCl-Na₂SO₄-H₂O、NaCl-Na₂SO₄-H₂O、NaCl-CaCl₂-H₂O、KCl-CaCl₂-H₂O、KCl-MgCl₂-H₂O和KCl-NaBr-H₂O共7个系统4种类型的混合溶液的偏摩尔体积。     

布洛芬-乙醇-水混合物相分离机制的分子模拟研究

本文通过分子模拟研究了水含量的变化对布洛芬-乙醇-水混合物相分离机制的影响,系统分析了溶剂化结构性质、相互作用能以及分子间作用.模拟发现,当水的摩尔分数大于70％时,布洛芬-乙醇-水混合物形成了两个互不相溶的相:一相为富含布洛芬的相,另一相则为富含乙醇和水的溶剂相.当水的摩尔分数极低时,布洛芬通过氢键作用优先被乙醇溶剂...     

甘氨酸在多元醇-水混合溶剂中的体积性质

利用精密数字密度计测定了甘氨酸分别在不同组成的乙二醇 水和丙三醇 水混合溶剂中的密度,计算了甘氨酸的表观摩尔体积、极限偏摩尔体积和理论水化数.根据结构水合作用模型讨论了迁移偏摩尔体积的变化规律,并与乙醇 水体系作了比较. 结果表明,甘氨酸分子在醇 水混合溶剂中增体积效应的大小与醇分子所含OH基数目的多少有关,但最直接也是最重要的影响因素是其水合壳层的结构形态. 乙醇 水体系中的增体积效应特别显著与该溶剂结构变化上的微观不均匀性和不连续性有关.     

二元体系C6H5CH3-DMF在293.15 K时的体积性质

利用Anton Paar DMA4500振动管密度计测量了293.15 K时二元体系甲苯-N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(C6H5CH3-DMF)在C6H5CH3(摩尔分数0~1)中的溶液密度, 利用最小二乘法关联了溶液密度与组成的函数关系, 关联精度为±0.005 kg/m3. 通过密度数据分别计算了二元体系中C6H5CH3和DMF的表观摩尔体积, 并利用非线性最小二乘拟合法, 分别拟合得到了优化的C6H5CH3和DMF的表观摩尔体积和摩尔分数的函数关系, 以及C6H5CH3和DMF的表观摩尔体积和质量分数的函数关系. 通过对函数关系的极限运算得到了C6H5CH3和DMF的极限偏摩尔体积、标准偏摩尔体积和摩尔体积. 还计算了不同组分下体系的超额摩尔体积, 数据可用四参数Redlich-Kister方程关联拟合得到方程系数. 计算关联了C6H5CH3和DMF的超额偏摩尔体积与摩尔分数的关系. 由三参数多项式极限法得到组分的极限超额偏摩尔体积值与Redlich-Kister系数法得到的值在误差范围内一致.     

甘氨酸和L-丝氨酸在LiNO3,NaNO3和KNO3水溶液中的体积性质

用Anton Paar DMA 55精密数字密度计测定了甘氨酸和L-丝氨酸在LiNO3, NaNO3和KNO3水溶液中的密度, 计算了氨基酸的表观摩尔体积、极限偏摩尔体积、迁移偏摩尔体积、理论水化数和体积作用系数. 根据静电相互作用和结构水合作用模型讨论了氨基酸的侧链和阳离子的性质对迁移偏摩尔体积的影响. 结果表明, 甘氨酸和L-丝氨酸在3种硝酸盐水溶液中的迁移体积均为正值, 并且随着盐溶液浓度的增大而增大. 氨基酸两性离子端基和阴阳离子间的静电作用对迁移体积的贡献是主要的, 静电作用削弱了两性离子带电中心对周围水分子的电致收缩效应, 造成氨基酸的理论水化数随盐溶液浓度的增加而减小. L-丝氨酸的侧链与离子之间的亲水-亲水相互作用对迁移体积有小的正贡献, 使得在同一种盐溶液中L-丝氨酸的迁移体积较甘氨酸的大. 同一种氨基酸在NaNO3和KNO3水溶液中的迁移体积较在LiNO3水溶液中的大, 主要是由于Li＋难以去水化. 在低浓度的盐溶液中氨基酸与盐之间的相互作用以1∶1形式为主, 随着溶液浓度的增大, 1∶2形式的相互作用逐渐增大     

丝氨酸在葡萄糖-水和蔗糖-水混合溶剂中的体积性质

利用精密数字密度计测定了丝氨酸与不同组成的葡萄糖-水、蔗糖-水混合溶剂构成的三元系溶液的密度，计算了丝氨酸的表观摩尔体积、极限偏摩尔体积和理论水化数.根据结构水合作用模型讨论了迁移偏摩尔体积的变化规律，并与乙二醇-水和丙三醇-水等多羟基体系作了比较.结果表明，丝氨酸分子在多羟基化合物-水体系中增体积效应的大小与多羟基化合物所含OH基数目的多少有关.     

氨基酸在甲醇-水混合溶剂中粘度的研究

报导了在293.15及298.15 K下, 氨基乙酸和DL-氨基丙酸在甲醇-水混合溶剂中的密度及粘度数据; 计算了在无限稀释条件下, 这些体系中氨基酸的粘度B系数及偏摩尔体积。实验结果表明: 在甲醇-水的质量比值(W_B)分别约为0.15及0.25处, 两种氨基酸的B系数均出现极小值。讨论了氨基酸的引入对溶剂结构的影响; 并应用流动过渡状态理论计算了两种氨基酸在甲醇水溶液中的流动活化参数。     

用FRKS状态方程预测三元系超额体积

利用改进的立方状态方程－ＦＲＫＳ方程，并以二元互作用函数代替单一数值的二元互作用参数关联二元系的超额体积，得到二元参数，在不引入任何三元参数的情况下，直接用组分二元系作用函数的引入预测三元系的超额体积，对十二个三元系及其组分二元系的计算结果表明，二元互作用函数的引入明显提高了二元超额体积的拟合精度，从而使状态方程法能精确地预测三元系的超额体积。     

Salt Effects on Volumetric Properties of Some n-Alkoxyethanols (C1Em, m = 1, 2, and 3) in Aqueous Solutions at 298.15 K

Accurate density measurements over the whole composition range were made at a temperature of 298.15 K under ambient pressure for the mixtures of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (2-methoxyethanol, C₃H₇O₂; C₁E₁), or diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol, C₅H₁₂O₃; C₁E₂), or triethylene glycol monomethyl ether [2-{2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy}ethanol, C₇H₁₆O₄; C₁E₃) in aqueous salt solutions having a common anion with a view to examining the cationic effect on the volumetric properties. To gain insight into the mixing behavior, results of the density measurements were used to estimate excess molar volumes, V_m^E, apparent molar volumes, V_{, i}, partial molar volumes, , excess partial molar volumes, V_m,i^E, and their limiting values at infinite dilution, V_{, i}, V_m,i, and V_m,i^E,, respectively. Aqueous solutions of the chlorides of lithium, sodium, potassium, and calcium in a concentration range to ca. 1 mol-kg^–1 were chosen for investigation as this concentration is used most frequently in applied chemistry. All mixtures except that containing lithium chloride show a decrease in the magnitude of V_m^E with the addition of a salt when compared to salt-free mixtures. Comparison of the derived volumes at infinite dilution suggested modification of the water structure as well as an electrostatic interaction between the ionic species and an alkoxyethanol molecule.     

Densities and Apparent Molar Volumes of Aqueous H<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Bold">3</Emphasis></Subscript>BO<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Bold">3</Emphasis></Subscript> Solutions at Temperatures from 296 to 573 K and at Pressures up to 48 MPa

Densities of four aqueous H₃BO₃ solutions (0.062, 0.155, 0.315, and 0.529 mol-kg^–1) have been measured in the liquid phase with a constant volume piezometer immersed in a precisely controlled liquid thermostat. Measurements were made at temperatures between 296 and 573 K and pressures from 0.82 to 48 MPa. The total uncertainties of the density, pressure, temperature, and molality measurements were estimated to be less than 0.06%, 0.05%, 10 mK, and 0.0005 mol-kg^–1, respectively. The accuracy of the method was confirmed by PVT measurements on pure water for two isobars (30 and 39 MPa) at temperatures from 313 to 573 K. The experimental and calculated (IAPWS formulation) densities for pure water show excellent agreement which is within their experimental uncertainties (average absolute deviation, AAD=0.012%;). Apparent and partial molar volumes were derived using the measured densities for solutions and pure water, and these results were extrapolated to zero concentration to yield the partial molar volumes of the electrolyte (H₃BO₃) at infinite dilution. The temperature, pressure, and concentration dependencies of the apparent and partial molar volumes were studied. Small pressure and concentration effects on the apparent molar volumes were found at temperatures up to 500 K. The parameters of a polynomial type of equation of state for the specific volume V_sol(P, T, m) as a function of pressure, temperature, and molality were obtained with a least-squares method using the experimental data. The root-mean-square deviation between measured and calculated values from this polynomial equation of state is ±0.2 kg-m^–3 for density. Measured values of the solution densities and the apparent and partial molar volumes are compared with data reported in the literature.     

Densities and Apparent Molar Volumes of Aqueous NaNO3 Solutions at Temperatures from 292 to 573 K and at Pressures Up to 30 MPa

Densities of four aqueous NaNO₃ solutions (0.100, 0.303, 0.580, 0.892 mol-kg^–1 H₂O) have been measured in the liquid phase with a constant-volume piezometer immersed in a precision liquid thermostat. Measurements were made at ten isotherms between 292 and 573 K. The range of pressure was 0.1–30 MPa. The total uncertainty of density, pressure, temperature, and concentration measurements were estimated to be less than 0.06%, 0.05%, 10 mK, and 0.014%, respectively. Values of saturated densities were determined by extrapolating experimental P- data to the vapor pressure at fixed temperature and composition. Apparent molar volumes were derived using measured values of density for the solutions and for pure water. The apparent molar volumes were extrapolated to zero concentration to yield partial molar volumes at infinite dilution. The temperature, pressure, and concentration dependence of partial and apparent molar volumes were studied. The measured values of density and apparent and partial molar volume were compared with data reported in the literature.     

Apparent molar volumes and expansibilities of 1-octanol, 1-nonanol,and 1-decanol in dilute cyclohexane solutions

The densities of solutions of 1-octanol, 1-nonanol, and 1-decanol in cyclohexane up to concentrations of 1.56 mol kg^–1 were measured at temperatures between 20 and 60°C. The apparent molar volumes and expansibilities were found to be linearly dependent on solute concentration. The excess molar volume and the excess thermal expansion coefficient of the solute were derived from the partial molar volume of the solute at infinite dilution and the solute densities. In addition, the limiting partial molar volume of the solute is discussed in terms of the scaled particle theory.     

288.15, 298.15和308.15 K温度条件下甘氨酰甘氨酸在蔗糖-水混合溶剂中的体积性质研究

利用Anton Paar DMA55精密数字密度计测定了288.15, 298.15和308.15 K甘氨酰甘氨酸在蔗糖-水混合溶剂中的密度, 计算了甘氨酰甘氨酸的表观摩尔体积VΦ和极限偏摩尔体积 , 得到了其由纯水溶剂转移至混合溶剂中的迁移偏摩尔体积Δtrs 和理论水化数Nh．根据共球交盖模型, 讨论了迁移偏摩尔体积和水化数的变化规律．结果表明, 甘氨酰甘氨酸带电中心与蔗糖之间的结构相互作用对其迁移体积有正贡献, 且占主导地位．甘氨酰甘氨酸的迁移偏摩尔体积为正值, 且随着蔗糖浓度的增大而增大; 理论水化数随温度升高、蔗糖浓度的增大而减小; 温度升高, 极限偏摩尔体积增大, 迁移偏摩尔体积变化很小．