冻结黏土力学特性分析及改进S-M蠕变模型

为合理描述人工冻结法施工的矿井土层力学特性,对某矿井土样的重塑土进行单轴抗压强度实验和单轴压缩蠕变实验,得到重塑冻结黏土在不同温度及载荷加载等级下的应力-应变曲线和蠕变曲线。实验结果表明:冻结温度越低,土样的单轴强度越大;相同冻结温度下,土样的蠕变变形随着应力水平的升高而增大。单轴压缩蠕变的等时应力-应变曲线随时间发展向应变轴靠拢;土样经历初始蠕变和等速蠕变两个阶段,在较高应力水平下有进入加速蠕变的趋势;对S--M模型中各参数的意义进行修正并考虑温度的影响,得到人工冻结黏土改进S--M蠕变显式模型,然后采用粒子群算法对人工冻结黏土S--M蠕变模型参数进行优化。改进S--M蠕变显式模型理论计算值与实验值吻合良好,表明改进S--M蠕变显式模型能较好模拟人工冻结黏土的蠕变特性。改进S--M蠕变显式模型为人工冻土蠕变计算提供一种新方法。     

ANALYSIS OF MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FROZEN CLAY AND MODIFIED S-M CREEP MODEL1)

为合理描述人工冻结法施工的矿井土层力学特性,对某矿井土样的重塑土进行单轴抗压强度实验和单轴压缩蠕变实验,得到重塑冻结黏土在不同温度及载荷加载等级下的应力-应变曲线和蠕变曲线。实验结果表明：冻结温度越低,土样的单轴强度越大;相同冻结温度下,土样的蠕变变形随着应力水平的升高而增大。单轴压缩蠕变的等时应力-应变曲线随时间发展向应变轴靠拢;土样经历初始蠕变和等速蠕变两个阶段,在较高应力水平下有进入加速蠕变的趋势;对S-M模型中各参数的意义进行修正并考虑温度的影响,得到人工冻结黏土改进S-M蠕变显式模型,然后采用粒子群算法对人工冻结黏土S-M蠕变模型参数进行优化。改进S-M蠕变显式模型理论计算值与实验值吻合良好,表明改进S-M蠕变显式模型能较好模拟人工冻结黏土的蠕变特性。改进S-M蠕变显式模型为人工冻土蠕变计算提供一种新方法。     

基于级连相关神经网络的人工冻土本构模型1）

为解决BP (back propagation)神经网络收敛速度慢,网络结构需事先定义等缺点,采用了级连相关神经网络模型来建立人工冻土应力和应变之间的关系。基于该模型推导了冻土的一致刚度矩阵形式,利用人工冻土三轴试验数据对神经网络模型进行训练,并用其替换有限元计算中的传统本构模型,将计算结果与性质及含水率相同的冻土的试验结果进行了对比,发现该神经网络本构模型很好地反应了材料的非线性,能够改善数值计算结果,与实测结果吻合地很好,比具有相同隐含层神经元个数的BP模型更接近实测结果。     

基于级连相关神经网络的人工冻土本构模型

为解决BP(back propagation)神经网络收敛速度慢,网络结构需事先定义等缺点,采用了级连相关神经网络模型来建立人工冻土应力和应变之间的关系.基于该模型推导了冻土的一致刚度矩阵形式,利用人工冻土三轴试验数据对神经网络模型进行训练,并用其替换有限元计算中的传统本构模型,将计算结果与性质及含水率相同的冻土的试验结果进行了对比,发现该神经网络本构模型很好地反应了材料的非线性,能够改善数值计算结果,与实测结果吻合地很好,比具有相同隐含层神经元个数的BP模型更接近实测结果.     

CONSTITUTIVE MODEL OF ARTIFICIAL FROZEN SOIL BASED ON CASCADE-CORRELATION NEURAL NETWORK

为解决BP (back propagation) 神经网络收敛速度慢,网络结构需事先定义等缺点,采用了级连相关神经网络模型来建立人工冻土应力和应变之间的关系. 基于该模型推导了冻土的一致刚度矩阵形式,利用人工冻土三轴试验数据对神经网络模型进行训练,并用其替换有限元计算中的传统本构模型,将计算结果与性质及含水率相同的冻土的试验结果进行了对比,发现该神经网络本构模型很好地反应了材料的非线性,能够改善数值计算结果,与实测结果吻合地很好,比具有相同隐含层神经元个数的BP 模型更接近实测结果.     

均匀等轴细晶金属超塑性本构关系

本文根据超塑变形机理的金属学研究结果,应用细观力学方法建立了包括三种变形机制的均匀等轴细晶超塑性本构关系。该本构关系能解释超塑拉伸实验中观察到的基本实验现象:晶粒度、应变率对σ～、m～曲线形态的影响。     

含损伤的冻土本构模型及耦合问题数值分析

从复合材料的细观力学机理出发,建立了含损伤的冻土弹性本构模型. 对于在不同冰体积 含量和不同温度下的冻结砂土,由该损伤本构模型计算的结果与实测的应力-应变曲线比较 吻合. 利用自主开发的程序,分别对渠道冻结和冻土路基的水分场、温度场、应力场3场耦 合进行数值模拟,得到了比较准确、详尽的符合实际的温度场与应力场、位移场、应变场耦 合的计算结果,与前人的计算及实测结果相符合,规律一致. 表明该程序能够计算冻土材料 的相关物理量,并能很好地描述这些相关物理量之间的关系.     

实心圆轴扭转测定本构关系的概念和方法

本文提出了实心圆轴扭转试验建立有限应变本构关系(τ—γ曲线)的概念，并在文[1]工作的基础上完成了通过实心圆轴扭转试验建立文献[6]形式的有限应变本构关系的方法，它比单向拉伸试验所得到的本构关系更为精确，因拉伸实验变形较大时试件伸长和变细对测量结果有影响，尤其在“颈缩”后，很难对有关力学量作有效测量和分析，扭转本构关系的描绘也更为完整，以低碳钢为例，扭转本构关系所描述的有效范围比拉伸本构关系大十余倍，本文方法将有利于探讨研究更大应变下的材料力学行为。     

改进的西原模型及其在冻结壁上的应用

通过对现有流变模型的分析及结合室内冻黏土大量的单轴蠕变试验,试验结果表明可以忽略冻土的瞬时变形并采用简单的屈服函数对线性牛顿体进行简化,从而对西原模型进行了改进,并导出了改进后模型在三向应力条件下冻土的非线性蠕变方程．采用改进的西原模型推导了冻结壁应力场和位移场的理论计算公式,探讨了防止冻结管断裂的有效措施．计算和工程实例基本相符,可以应用于工程计算．     

冻结黏土单轴抗压试验及损伤本构模型分析

从冻土微元破坏服从Weibull随机分布的特点出发,将Mohr–Coulomb强度准则作为冻土微元统计分布变量,利用应变等价性假说,建立了单轴应力状态下冻结黏土损伤本构模型;在此基础上,讨论了模型参数和弹性模量与冻结温度的关系,对模型参数和弹性模量进行合理修正,建立了温度影响下的冻结黏土损伤本构模型,并与试验结果进行对比。分析结果表明:考虑温度效应的损伤本构模型能很好地模拟冻结黏土应力–应变全过程曲线,具有很好的适应性。     

The 7th International Conference on Fluid Mechanics May 24-27,2015,Qingdao,China

正http://www.icfm7.org First Announcement and Call for PapersThe objective of International Conference on Fluid Mechanics(ICFM)is to provide a forum for researchers to exchange new ideas and recent advances in the fields of theoretical,experimental,computational Fluid Mechanics as well as interdisciplinary subjects.It was successfully convened by the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics(CSTAM)in Beijing(1987,     

INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS

Contributions： The Journal, Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica, is pleased to receive papers from engineers and scientists working in various aspects of solid mechanics. All contributions are subject to critical review prior to acceptance and publication.     

Preface

This special issue of PARTICUOLOGY is devoted to the first UK-China Particle Technology Forum taking place in Leeds, UK, on 1-3 April 2007. The forum was initiated by a number of UK and Chinese leading academics and organised by the University of Leeds in collaboration with Chinese Society of Particuology, Particle Technology Subject Group （PTSG） of the Institution of Chemical Engineers （IChemE）, Particle Characterisation Interest Group （PCIG） of the Royal Society of Chemistry （RSC） and International Fine Particle Research Institute （IFPRI）. The forum was supported financially by the Engineering and Physics Sciences Research Council （EPSRC） of United Kingdom,     

基于鲁棒滤波的捷联导引头视线角速度估计方法

针对捷联导引头无法直接获取视线角速度等信息的问题,研究了鲁棒滤波在大气层外飞行器捷联导引头视线角速度估计中的应用。为了建立非线性滤波估计模型,考虑目标视线角速度的慢变特性,采用一阶马尔科夫模型建立了状态方程;推导了视线角速度的解耦模型,并建立了量测方程;考虑到实际应用中存在系统噪声统计特性失准的问题,基于Huber-Based鲁棒滤波方法,设计了视线角速度滤波器,并完成了基于Huber-Based滤波方法和扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的数学仿真。仿真结果表明Huber-Based滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度分别达到0.1140'、0.1423'/s、0.0203'/s2,而扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度仅分别为0.6577'、0.6415'/s、0.0979'/s~2。仿真结果证明了该方法可以有效地估计出相对视线角速度等信息,并且在非高斯噪声的条件下,依然可获得较高的估计精度,具有一定的鲁棒性。     

Guide for authors

正Each of the sections below provides essential information for authors.We recommend that you take the time to read them before submitting a contribution to Acta Mechanica Sinica.We hope our guide to authors may help you navigate to the appropriate section.How to prepare a submission This document provides an outline of the editorial process involved in publishing a scientific paper in Acta Mechanica     

Use specification of multiscale materials for life spanned over macro-, micro-, nano-, and pico-scale

Multiscale material intends to enhance the strength and life of mechanical systems by matching the transmitted spatiotemporal energy distribution to the constituents at the different scale, say—macro, micro, nano, and pico,—, depending on the needs. Lower scale entities are, particularly, critical to small size systems. Large structures are less sensitive to microscopic effects. Scale shifting laws will be developed for relating test data from nano-, micro-, and macro-specimens. The benefit of reinforcement at the lower scale constituents needs to be justified at the macroscopic scale. Filling the void and space in regions of high energy density is considered.Material inhomogeneity interacts with specimen size. Their combined effect is non-equilibrium. Energy exchange between the environment and specimen becomes increasingly more significant as the specimen size is reduced. Perturbation of the operational conditions can further aggravate the situation. Scale transitional functions and/or f_j/j+1 are introduced to quantify these characteristics. They are represented, respectively, by , and (f_mi/ma,f_na/mi,f_pi/na). The abbreviations pi, na, mi, and ma refer to pico, nano, micro and macro.Local damage is assumed to initiate at a small scale, grows to a larger scale, and terminate at an even larger scale. The mechanism of energy absorption and dissipation will be introduced to develop a consistent book keeping system. Compaction of mass density for constituents of size 10⁻¹², 10⁻⁹, 10⁻⁶, 10⁻³ m, will be considered. Energy dissipation at all scales must be accounted for. Dissipations at the smaller scale must not only be included but they must abide by the same physical and mathematical interpretation, in order to avoid inconsistencies when making connections with those at the larger scale where dissipations are eminent.Three fundamental Problems I, II, and III are stated. They correspond to the commonly used service conditions. Reference is made to a Representative Tip (RT), the location where energy absorption and dissipation takes place. The RT can be a crack tip or a particle. At the larger size scales, RT can refer to a region. Scale shifting of results from the very small to the very large is needed to identify the benefit of using multiscale materials.