Total chemical synthesis of 2-ethenyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine and 3-ethenyl-2,5-dimethylpyrazine

The aroma compounds 2-ethenyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine 1 and 3-ethenyl-2,5-dimethylpyrazine 2 were synthesized via a new chemical route. The key steps of the synthesis involve cyclocondenzation of 1-[bicyclo[2.2.1]5-hepten-2-yl]-1,2-propanedione and 1,2-propanediamine, aromatization of the resulting 5,6-dihydropyrazines, and subsequent Retro-Diels-Alder reaction to generate pyrazines 1 and 2. Pyrazine 1, a powerful odorant, was obtained in large excess (8:2) when endo-1-[bicyclo[2.2.1]5-hepten-2-yl]-1,2-propanedione was used as intermediate substrate.     

Structural study of silver(I) sulfonate complexes with pyrazine derivatives

In this Article, 11 silver complexes, namely, [Ag(L1)(2-Pyr)(H2O)] (1), Ag(L1)(2,3-Pyr) (2), [Ag2(L1)2(2Et,3Me-Pyr)2(H2O)] (3), [Ag(2,6-Pyr)](L1).1.5H2O (4), Ag(L1)(2,5-Pyr) (5), [Ag(H2O)2](L2).H2O (6), [Ag(L2)(2-Pyr)] (7), [Ag(L2)(2,3-Pyr)].1.5H2O (8), [Ag(L2)(2Et,3Me-Pyr)].2H2O (9), [Ag2(L2)(2,6-Pyr)(H2O)2](L2).H2O (10) and [Ag(L2)(2,5-Pyr)].H2O (11) (2-Pyr=2-methylpyrazine; 2,3-Pyr=2,3-dimethylpyrazine; 2Et,3Me-Pyr=2-ethyl-3-methylpyrazine; 2,6-Pyr=2,6-dimethylpyrazine; 2,5-Pyr=2,5-dimethylpyrazine; L1=p-aminobenzenesulfonate anion and L2=6-amino-1-naphthalenesulfonate anion), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. In 1, 3, and 4, Ag(I) centers are linked by bridging pyrazine ligands to form one-dimensional chains, whereas compound 2 shows a double-chain structure through weak Ag-C interactions. The structure analyses show that both 5 and 11 form two-dimensional networks composed of 26-membered metallocycles. Unexpectedly, compounds 6 and 10 show discrete structures. In compound 7, silver(I) centers are bridged by sulfonate anions to form a polymeric helical structure, and the 2-Pyr molecule acts as a monodentate ligand. Compounds 8 and 9 show hinged chain structures containing 14-membered rings, and these chains interlace with each other to generate unique three-dimensional structures. These results indicate that the substituting groups and the substituting sites of pyrazine derivatives play an important role in the framework formation of silver complexes. Additionally, the luminescent properties of these compounds are also discussed.     

钛铝载体的合成及负载CuO对NO催化性能研究

以TiCl4为原料合成了TiO2/[[alpha]]-Al2O3载体. 在色谱-微反流动法反应装置上考察了CuO/15%(w, 下同)TiO2/[alpha]-Al2O3系列催化剂对NO+CO 的反应性能. 结果表明上述催化剂对NO+CO 反应表现出较好的活性, 其中12%CuO/15%TiO2/[alpha]-Al2O3反应活性最佳. 空气和H2 预处理后, NO 完全转化的温度分别为300C[[deg]]和275C[deg].通过H2-TPR、XRD 和FT-IR 等技术表征, 发现适量TiO2能促进CuO 在钛铝载体上的分散. TPR 结果显示12%CuO/15%TiO2/[alpha]-Al2O3在整个TPR 过程中出现四个还原峰, 琢和酌还原峰分别是钛铝载体表面裸露的TiO2上高度分散的CuO 和晶相CuO 的还原；茁和啄还原峰为钛铝载体上高度分散的CuO 和晶相CuO 的还原. FT-IR实验表明NO和CO 在经H2气氛预处理的催化剂表面上吸附较强, 且生成了N2O 和NO2等物种；NO+CO混合气在经空气和H2预处理的催化剂表面吸附时, 出现了N2O吸收峰, 峰温分别为200C[deg]和150C[deg].     

Base catalyzed intramolecular cycloaddition of dialkyl(4-hydroxybutyn-2-yl)[3-(<Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-tolyl)propyn-2-yl]ammonium chlorides and intramolecular recyclization of the products obtained

Dialkyl(4-hydroxybutyn-2-yl)[3-(p-tolyl)propyn-2-yl]ammonium chlorides undergo a diene synthesis type intramolecular cyclization in aqueous base medium to give 2,2-dialkyl-4-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl-benzo[f]isoindolinium chlorides. Under conditions of aqueous base fission intramolecular cyclization of the latter gives 4-dialkylaminomethyl-8-methyl-1,3-dihydronaphtho[1,2-c]furans.     

Synthesis of azetidin-3-ones by heterocyclization of α-cyclohexylamino-α′,Β′-epoxy ketones

The stereospecific cyclization of 5-aryl-2-methyl-5-methoxy-4-cyclohexylamino-1,2-epoxypentan-3-one borofluorides on heating in acetone or in acetonitrile leads to 4-arylmethoxymethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-1-cyclohexyl-azetidin-3-ones. Certain chemical transformations of the latter have been studied. It was shown that, in contrast to the borofluoride complex, 2-methyl-5-methoxy-5-phenyl-4-cyclohexylamino-1,2-epoxypentan-3-one cyclizes into a mixture of diastereomeric 2-(cyclohexylamino)tetrahydrofuran-3-ones.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 307–312, March, 1988.     

Coffee aroma—Statistical analysis of compositional data

Solid-phase microextraction in headspace mode coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was applied to the determination of volatile compounds in 30 commercially available coffee samples. In order to differentiate and characterize Arabica and Robusta coffee, six major volatile compounds (acetic acid, 2-methylpyrazine, furfural, 2-furfuryl alcohol, 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, 5-methylfurfural) were chosen as the most relevant markers. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to the raw chromatographic data and data processed by centred logratio transformation.     

Construction of polyoxometalates-based coordination polymers through direct incorporation between polyoxometalates and the voids in a 2D network

A series of polyoxometalates (POMs)-based coordination polymers, namely, {[Cu(2,3-Me2pz)(2,5-Me2pz)0.5]4(SiW12O40)(2,5-Me2pz)}n (2,3-Me2pz = 2,3-dimethylpyrazine; 2,5-Me2pz = 2,5-dimethylpyrazine; 1), {[Cu2(4,4'-bipy)4(H2O)4](SiW12O40)(H2O)18}n (4,4'-bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine; 2), {[Cu(2-Mepz)1.5]3(PMo12O40)(H2O)3.5}n (2-Mepz = 2-methylpyrazine; 3), {[Ag(2,3-Me2pz)1.5]4(SiW12O40}n (4), {[Cu(pz)1.5]4(SiW12O40)(H2O)3}n (pz = pyrazine; 5), {[Cu(2,3-Me2pz)1.5]4(SiW12O40)}n (6), {[Cu(4,4'-bipy)1.75]4(SiW12O40)(H2O)2}n (7), and {[Cu2(4,4'-bipy)4(H2O)4](SiW12O40)(4,4'-bipy)2(H2O)4}n (8), were synthesized through direct incorporation between POMs and the voids of the 2D network. Crystal structural analysis reveals that the relationship between the size of the void of the 2D network and that of POMs is of key importance for successful synthesis of POMs-based open metal-organic frameworks. Guest replacement shows that the pore size of the framework constructed through direct incorporation between POMs and the voids of the 2D network is very sensitive to guest molecules.     

(NH3CH2CHNH2CH3)2[WVIO2(OC6H4O)2]的合成、晶体结构及其与ATP相互作用的NMR性质研究

在室温下, 选用具有手性特征的1,2-丙二胺(1,2-propanediamine)为对阳离子, 由正四丁基铵十钨酸盐和邻苯二酚反应, 得到了钨酶活性结构因子仿生配合物(NH3CH2CHNH2CH3)2[WVIO2(OC6H4O)2], 用单晶X射线衍射测定了其晶体结构, 晶体属单斜晶系, 空间群为P21/n, a＝1.1099(3) nm, b＝1.0416(3) nm, c＝1.8874(6) nm, β＝96.492(6)°, V＝2.1679(11) nm3, z＝4, R1＝0.0445, wR2＝0.0682; 并对它进行了IR, 1H NMR和UV-Vis谱学表征. 利用NMR研究了其与三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的相互作用, 结果发现手性特征的1,2-丙二胺及邻苯二酚苯环的1H化学位移在与ATP混合前后均呈现出较大的差异, 分析得出: 配合物中的金属离子在D2O中大多数均以W(V)价态存在, 但在与ATP共存时转化为W(VI), 并与配体发生了解离.     

不同载体负载Cu催化剂上甘油氢解制1,2-丙二醇催化性能的研究

采用等体积浸渍法合成了一系列不同载体负载的Cu基催化剂,并研究了其在甘油氢解反应中的催化性能。借助X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)和氨气程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)等手段对催化剂进行了表征,同时考察了反应温度、反应压力、反应时间和催化剂重复使用次数对其催化性能的影响。结果表明,载体对催化剂反应性能影响较大,且甘油氢解反应需要适当的酸性;当在催化剂8Cu/γ-Al₂O₃用量为反应原料质量的2.5%、反应温度513 K、反应压力6 MPa、反应时间6 h、反应原料为质量分数为10%的甘油水溶液的条件下,其催化效果最优,甘油转化率最高为88.4%,1,2-丙二醇的选择性可达到86.2%,且催化剂显示了良好的稳定性。     

碱土金属氧化物对丙三醇和苯胺气相合成3-甲基吲哚的Cu/SiO2-Al2O3催化剂的作用（英文）

研究了碱土金属氧化物的添加对丙三醇和苯胺气相合成3-甲基吲哚的Cu/SiO2-Al2O3催化剂性能的影响,采用X射线衍射、透射电镜、H2程序升温还原、NH3程序升温脱附以及热重-差热等技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,MgO能加强活性组分和载体之间的相互作用,从而促进铜粒子在载体上的分散.另外,MgO能增加弱酸中心数,并且抑制积炭的形成,因而Cu-MgO/SiO2-Al2O3催化剂性能大大提高;而CaO,SrO或BaO的加入不利于Cu/SiO2-Al2O3催化剂上3-甲基吲哚的生成.这是由于铜粒子在载体上的分散度变差,而且在Cu-SrO/SiO2-Al2O3及Cu-BaO/SiO2-Al2O3催化剂上弱酸中心数较少.碱土金属氧化物的加入不能改变催化剂上积炭的结构.     

Synthesis of 2, 6-derivatives of 1, 4-dioxane

Stereoisomers of 6-halomethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1, 4-dioxanes have been obtained via the cyclization of the monoallyl ether of glycerol. The stereoisomeric bromides differ considerably in their physical properties. The bromine atoms of the stereoisomers differ in their reactivity towards thiourea.     

ZnO或K_2O助剂对Cu/SiO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂上丙三醇和苯胺气相催化合成3-甲基吲哚反应的促进作用

研究了ZnO或K2O助剂对Cu/SiO2-Al2O3上丙三醇和苯胺气相催化合成3-甲基吲哚反应的促进作用,采用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、H2程序升温还原、NH3程序升温脱附以及热重-差热分析等技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,适量ZnO或K2O的加入可明显提高催化剂的活性、选择性和稳定性,其中以ZnO的促进作用更强.ZnO不仅能增强活性组分Cu与SiO2-Al2O3载体之间的相互作用、提高Cu在载体表面的分散度,而且可有效抑制反应过程中Cu粒子的烧结;而K2O的加入却降低了Cu分散度,但也对反应过程中Cu粒子的烧结有所抑制.ZnO或K2O的加入均不同程度地增加了Cu/SiO2-Al2O3催化剂的弱酸中心数量,从而促进3-甲基吲哚的生成.     

CeO2掺杂RuO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂结构与湿式氧化降解苯酚的活性研究

采用浸渍法制备了RuO2/γ-Al2O3和RuO2-CeO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂,利用XRD,XPS和ESR分析了催化剂的结构,并研究了湿式氧化降解苯酚的活性.结果表明,两种催化剂表面RuO2均有良好的分散性,并且催化剂表面存在氧空位和化学吸附氧,CeO2的掺杂使催化剂表面氧空位和化学吸附氧数量增加.两种催化剂对湿式氧化降解苯酚具有良好的催化活性,当苯酚质量浓度为4200mg/L,在150℃和3MPa下,RuO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂湿式氧化降解苯酚反应150min后,苯酚全部被去除,RuO2-CeO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂反应60min后,苯酚的去除率为96%.     

固相微萃取涂层的制备及其在水体和气态基质中的应用

采用物理涂渍的方法制备了γ-Al2O3固相微萃取涂层。通过γ-Al2O3固相微萃取（SPME）-气相色谱（GC）联用技术,对水中痕量苯系物苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯异构体(BTEXs)进行萃取分析,结果表明该涂层具有热稳定性强(最高使用温度可达350 ℃)、灵敏度高(检测限为1~10 μg/L)以及制备重复性好（相对标准偏差为8.3%）的特点;同时该涂层对气态基质中的污染物亦可进行萃取分析。     

Electron-impact induced skeletal re-arrangement of 2-methoxy-3-methylpyrazine and 2-methylthio-3-methylpyrazine

The mass spectra of 2-methoxy-3-methylpyrazine (I), 2-methoxy-6-methylpyrazine (II), 2-methylthio-3-methylpyrazine (III) and 2-methylthio-6-methylpyrazine (IV), are given and the major fragmentation pathways discussed. The novel loss of H₂O from the molecular ion of I and the corresponding loss of H₂S from the molecular ion of III indicate that a skeletal rearrangement takes place in the molecular ion preceding the expulsion of H₂O and H₂S. Proposed mechanisms for this behavior are discussed with evidence being drawn from accurate mass measurement, metastable ions, and deuterium and carbon-13 labeling of the methoxy group. The absence of ions in the spectra of II and IV corresponding to the loss of H₂O and H₂S from these molecular ions clearly indicates that the position of the methyl group with respect to the methoxy group, or the methylthio group is in-timately involved in this mechanism.     

γ-Al2O3催化合成聚甲基膦酸乙二醇酯的适宜活化温度的确定

聚甲基膦酸乙二醇酯(PEMP)作为一种良好的阻燃剂,具有无毒、低烟、含磷量高、阻燃效果好的优点。 γ-Al₂O₃是催化乙二醇(EG)和甲基磷酸二甲酯(DMMP)缩合生成PEMP的良好催化剂。 但是由于γ-Al₂O₃容易吸附CO₂和水分,降低其催化活性,所以使用前需要活化。 活化温度影响着γ-Al₂O₃的催化活性。 本文分别在300、400、500、600、700和800 ℃不同温度下对γ-Al₂O₃进行活化,用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)分析了γ-Al₂O₃晶型变化、用低温氮吸附比表面积测试法(BET法)测量了γ-Al₂O₃比表面积、孔径和孔容积,用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析了红外吸收变化,用吡啶吸附-FTIR测定了γ-Al₂O₃的Brønsted酸位点与Lewis酸位点相对含量。 比较了不同温度下活化的γ-Al₂O₃催化合成PEMP产品的纯度和粘度,找到了γ-Al₂O₃催化合成PEMP的适宜活化温度为400~600 ℃。 此时,γ-Al₂O₃属于典型的γ-Al₂O₃晶型,比表面积较大,孔径较小,所得PEMP产品纯度最高。     

High coke-resistance of K-Ca-promoted Ni/a-Al2O3 catalyst for ch4 reforming with CO2

Summary  K-Ca-promoted Ni/&agr;-Al2O3 catalyst exhibited higher activity better coke-resistance than Ni/&agr;-Al2O3 for CH4 reforming with CO2 under different reaction conditions. Temperature-programmed activation process of CH4 reforming with CO2 was investigated on these catalysts.     

MoO3/TiO2-Al2O3对H2S吸附的XPS研究

应用ＸＰＳ对ＭｏＯ３／ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３体系的ＭｏＯ３在ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３载体上的存在状态及其对Ｈ２Ｓ的吸附和脱附性能进行了表征，结果表明：ＭｏＯ３在ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３表面存在分散状态的不同，这导致了对Ｈ２Ｓ吸附性能的不同，在相同的条件下，吸附剂的０．１５ｇＭｏＯ３／ｇＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３时具有最大载硫量，且随吸附温度的升高载硫量也增加，达饱和对Ｓ／Ｍｏ原子比接近１，较好的氧化脱附温度为１５     

Iodocyclization of N,N-dialkylamino-2-methyl-4-penten-2-ol oxides

It is shown that in the iodination of N,N-dialkylamino-2-methyl-4-penten-2-ol and N,N-diethylamino-3-butene oxides the N-oxide group participates in the intramolecular cyclization of these compounds. N,N-Dialkyl-4-methyl-4-hydroxy-6-iodomethyltetrahydro-1,2-oxazine iodides were obtained by iodination of the former, whereas the latter under similar conditions gives N,N-diethyl-5-iodomethyltetrahydro-1,2-oxazolinium iodide.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1340–1343, October, 1976.     

硝酸镁在γ-Al2O3上的热分解及MgO/γ-Al2O3

研究了不同载量时Mg(NO