聚多巴胺修饰棉花固定金属离子用于磷酸化多肽的富集

本文通过多巴胺自聚合在天然的棉花纤维表面,构建了仿生聚多巴胺(PDA)膜层,然后利用儿茶酚羟基固定Ti~(4+),设计并合成了一种固定金属亲合色谱(Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Chromatography,IMAC)材料Cotton@PDA-Ti~(4+),并将其用于磷酸化多肽的富集。该材料机械性能好,化学性能稳定和生物相容性好,且制备过程简单,通过简易的In-pipet-tip固相萃取(SPE)装置使整个富集操作过程简便快速。实验结果表明,Cotton@PDA-Ti~(4+)不仅可以从简单的蛋白酶解物(β-casein)中富集磷酸化多肽,并且在含有大量非磷酸化多肽的复杂体系样品中对磷酸化多肽也表现出良好的选择性。另外,利用Cotton@PDA-Ti~(4+)对磷酸化多肽进行富集也有较高的效率。我们将该材料应用于实际样品,如人体血清以及脱脂牛奶酶解物中磷酸化多肽的富集,均表现出了较好的选择性。说明该方法有可能用于磷酸化蛋白质组的全分析。     

基于甘油三酸酯的高分子材料 Ⅰ.聚酯和聚氨酯

甘油三酸酯是一种可再生资源,可以从向日葵、棉花、亚麻籽等植物中提取得到。甘油三酸酯制造高分子材料可通过许多方法,如:缩合反应、自由基反应、阳离子聚合反应等。文章综述了基于甘油三酸酯的高分子材料的研究进展。     

富水蔬菜在“铁与水蒸气反应”实验中的应用

利用常见富水蔬菜——西红柿作为铁与水蒸气反应中的供水剂,代替教材实验中的湿棉花,经过反复实验发现西红柿供水持续稳定,实验现象明显,重现性好。     

基于甘油三酸酯的高分子材料Ⅱ.乙烯基聚合物等及复合材料、杂化材料

甘油三酸酯是一种可再生资源,可以从向日葵、棉花、亚麻籽等植物中提取得到。基于甘油三酸酯制造高分子材料可通过许多方法,如缩合反应、自由基反应、阳离子聚合反应等。文章是"基于甘油三酸酯的高分子材料Ⅰ.聚酯和聚氨酯"的续篇,综述乙烯基聚合物等及复合材料、杂化材料的研究进展。     

Edman降解中异硫氰酸苯酯新修饰位点的发现和验证

Edman降解是最早建立的一种用于多肽和蛋白质氨基端测序的方法,该方法现在仍被广泛用于生物化学领域。随着高通量蛋白质组学技术的发展和应用,该方法中的异硫氰酸苯酯反应被用于修饰蛋白质氨基端,并用于检测蛋白质水解位点。但还没有异硫氰酸苯酯是否可以修饰其他氨基酸侧链并影响多肽序列分析的研究。为了探究其修饰其他氨基酸的可能性,本文利用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF-MS）和液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）研究了异硫氰酸苯酯对一个模型肽的化学修饰。质谱数据解析后发现在高浓度异硫氰酸苯酯的反应条件下,组氨酸上可以引入一个新的异硫氰酸苯酯修饰位点。这一修饰位点的发现预示着通过改变实验条件或分析方法,可以更准确地利用Edman降解和蛋白质组学技术分析多肽和蛋白质。     

苯胺自催化聚合反应的混合电位

在苯胺自催化聚合反应的开路电位实验中,Pt、Pd和聚苯胺膜具有远正于其它金属的开路电位.该实验结果可以根据混合电位理论来解释.由于苯胺自催化聚合反应具有电化学机理,因此该反应的基底材料将具有同时对应于阳极半反应和阴极半反应的混合电极电位.混合电位在实验上表现为开路电位,其数值大小可以看作是苯胺自催化聚合反应能否进行的标志.有关开路电位的实验结果进一步证明了苯胺自催化聚合反应的电化学机理.     

柠檬酸丁酯酯化精馏实验设计及教学探索

通过引入柠檬酸丁酯酯化精馏实验,将高分子材料制备、催化剂制备、材料表征与正交实验引入到课堂。通过本实验可以：(1)熟悉和了解高分子聚合实验,拓宽知识面,将地方产业特色融入到课堂中;(2)了解催化剂的制备方法,同时对高分子材料和催化剂进行表征,掌握仪器分析在催化剂制备中的应用,增强综合实验能力;(3)利用正交实验探索酯化精馏实验最佳的实验条件;(4)以柠檬酸丁酯酯化反应替代乙酸乙酯酯化反应,实现实验内容的更新。本实验将化学工程实验与地方产业需求和研究生阶段的科研能力培养进行有效衔接。通过本实验学生可以将书本知识应用到实际中,增加获得感,提高创新能力与综合素质。     

人工神经元网络辅助丙烷氨氧化催化剂设计

报道了利用人工神经元网络辅助丙烷氨氧化制丙烯腈催化剂设计的研究进展结果．通过筛选得到了可以拟合该反应体系的神经元网络模型，从而使丙烷转化率和丙烯腈选择性可以表示为催化剂组成的函数，利用培训后的神经元网络模型所得到的权值文件，结合作者自编的优化程序，该网络可用于预测最优的催化剂组成．实验得到丙烯腈收率和选择性可分别达到４３．０％和５６．２４％．     

利用金属多氮唑框架材料封装荧光分子实现对挥发性有机化合物的传感

通过选择不同的溶剂/模板剂,制备出具有sql、SOD、RHO等三种不同拓扑网络结构的苯并咪唑锌框架,并探究荧光分子苝在这三种金属多氮唑框架材料中的封装情况,以实现对挥发性有机化合物的荧光传感。该实验利用X射线粉末衍射法鉴定产物的结构和纯度,通过荧光光谱法对反应产物发光性能进行分析,利用紫外-可见光谱法测定苝的封装量。该实验的操作简单,重现性好,反应快速,条件温和、绿色,几乎不产生会造成环境污染的副产物。因此,该实验作为本科教学实验可实施性强。在三种金属多氮唑框架材料的合成、表征、性能探究的实验流程中,加入平行对比实验,能加深学生对配位化学合成理论与多孔材料性能的理解,也能培养学生对实验数据的分析能力。此外,将多孔框架材料的合成与荧光分子的封装相结合实现荧光传感效果,能提升实验的趣味性,有利于激发学生对材料性能与应用的探索精神。     

纳米二氧化钛光催化剂的制备、活性评价及活性与缺陷关系的综合实验设计

旨在建立一个包括纳米二氧化钛粉体及薄膜的制备、缺陷和活性评价的系统性的应用化学综合实验,并且将电化学工作站用于光电化学活性评价。通过本实验学生不但可以学习半导体纳米粉体及薄膜材料的一般制备方法,而且可以初步掌握利用光/电化学测试技术对材料光催化活性进行评价的基本手段。本实验贯穿了以化学应用能力培养为宗旨的"化学合成→结构与性能关系研究→应用"的全过程。同时,本实验可以引导学生关注太阳能的转化和利用,以及光催化氧化技术用于环境治理的研究和应用。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。