Interactions between sheets of phonons in liquid (4)He

We have created two sheets of approximately 1 K phonons in liquid (4)He at approximately 55 mK such that they intersect each other as they move towards a common point. If the two sheets have a small angle between them, they interact strongly and create a hot line in the liquid helium. This line is continuously fed with energy from the two sheets and loses energy by creating high-energy phonons. If the angle between the sheets is larger than approximately 30 degrees they do not interact but pass through each other. These results give direct evidence for the composition of the sheets: they comprise strongly interacting low-energy phonons which occupy a narrow cone in momentum space.     

Ising phases of Heisenberg ladders in a magnetic field

We show that Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interactions can substantially modify the phase diagram of spin-1/2 Heisenberg ladders in a magnetic field provided they compete with exchange. For nonfrustrated ladders, they induce a local magnetization along the DM vector that turns the gapless intermediate phase into an Ising phase with broken translational symmetry, while for frustrated ladders, they extend the Ising order of the half-integer plateau to the surrounding gapless phases of the purely Heisenberg case. Implications for experimental ladder and dimer systems are discussed.     

The Elementary Particles of Quantum Fields

The elementary particles of relativistic quantum field theory are not simple field quanta, as has long been assumed. Rather, they supplement quantum fields, on which they depend on but to which they are not reducible, as shown here with particles defined instead as a unified collection of properties that appear in both physical symmetry group representations and field propagators. This notion of particle provides consistency between the practice of particle physics and its basis in quantum field theory.     

Creep and trapping of atoms sublimated from faulted cluster facets

Summary By means of HREM, atoms are observed to sublimate from surface planes of Au and Pt clusters, crossed by stacking faults. Such sublimated atoms form turbulent clouds, where they appear to loiter in front of the sublimating surface, then they are seen to creep along an unfaulted neighbouring surface of the same cluster, where they get eventually trapped. This observation is compared with previously reported results and qualitatively explained.     

Observation of interaction forces between one-dimensional spatial solitons in photorefractive crystals

We propagate two coherent and parallel beams of a He-Ne laser through a Bi(12)TiO(20) photorefractive crystal in the presence of drift nonlinearity. Our experimental results demonstrate that the beams attract or repel each other according to their initial phase difference. They attract each other when they are initially in phase and they repel each other when they are initially out of phase. These experimental results agree with numerical predictions recently published.     

Distribution of eigenvalues for the modular group

The two-point correlation functions of energy levels for free motion on the modular domain, both with periodic and Dirichlet boundary conditions, are explicitly computed using a generalization of the Hardy-Littlewood method. It is shown that in the limit of small separations they show an uncorrelated behaviour and agree with the Poisson distribution but they have prominent number-theoretical oscillations at larger scale. The results agree well with numerical simulations.     

Calculation of ion energy distributions of argon excimer ions generated in helicon plasma

A program is developed to calculate the ion energy distributions （IEDs） of Ar2^＋ making use of a simplified kinetic model with a combination of Monte Carlo method. Several coefficients are used to realize good match between the calculated and measured results. Some important assumptions are confirmed： argon excimer ions have short lifetime, hence they are formed in a short range before the collecting electrode. The excimer ions that encounter collisions will be discarded because they turn to other ion species after they collide with argon atoms. From the calculated results some plasma parameters such as the cross section or neutral density in discharge could be evaluated.     

Experimental study of multilayer interferometers (or resonators)

The interferograms of two-layer and three-layer interferometers were recorded by a photoelectric method. The fringes corresponding to each layer appear in the same form and in the same position as they would for the separate layer. The fringes of the constituent layers modulate each other in such a manner that the maxima of each layer are intensified when they coincide with maxima of other layers, but suppressed when they coincide with minima of other layers.Translated from Izvestiya VUZ. Fizika, No. 4, pp. 35–40, April, 1970.In conclusion the author thanks professor F. A. Korolev for interest in and valuable comments offered during this study.     

Post-Newtonian generation of gravitational waves in a theory of gravity with torsion

We adapt the post-Newtonian gravitational-radiation methods developed within general relativity by Epstein and Wagoner to the gravitation theory with torsion, recently proposed by Hehl et al., and show that the two theories predict in this approximation the same gravitational radiation losses. Since they agree also on the first post-Newtonian level, they are at the present time-observationally-indistinguishable.     

暗-暗与亮-暗光伏孤子相互作用

用数值方法分析了平行传播异色光伏暗孤子之间及亮-暗孤子之间的相互作用.结果表明，光伏暗孤子共轴传播能在有限的距离内保持准孤子形态，靠近传播时存在着相互吸引的作用 ，而相距较远传播时表现为一孤子暗区使另一孤子的缓变光场部分发生局部会聚作用.光伏暗孤子与亮孤子的相互作用随距离的不同可使亮孤子光强分布变尖锐或变平缓，以及使亮孤子发生能量转移.从两束信号光共同引起折射率波导这一物理机理对光伏孤子这些相互作用给出定性物理解释. 关键词： 光伏空间孤子 暗孤子 亮孤子 相互作用     

Effect of cytoskeletal element degradation on merging of concentration waves in slow axonal transport

The aim of this paper is to investigate, by means of a numerical simulation, the effect of the half-life of cytoskeletal elements (CEs) on superposition of several waves representing concentrations of running, pausing, and off-track anterograde and retrograde CE populations. The waves can be induced by simultaneous microinjections of radiolabeled CEs in different locations in the vicinity of a neuron body; alternatively, the waves can be induced by microinjecting CEs at the same location several times, with a time interval between the injections. Since the waves spread out as they propagate downstream, unless their amplitude decreases too fast, they eventually superimpose. As a result of superposition and merging of several waves, for the case with a large half-life of CEs, a single wave is formed. For the case with a small half-life the waves vanish before they have enough time to merge.     

Phenomenology of the production,decay, and detection of new hadronic states associated with supersymmetry

Supersymmetric theories involve spinorial partners for the gluons of QCD. If the symmetry breaking is such that they are massless or light, they probably combine with quarks to form families of new, relatively low-lying hadrinic states, which decay into ordinary hadrons and a new, neutrino-like particle. We discuss how present experiments can put limits on their production.     

级联介质系统中多散射点形成热像的数值分析

 以5片带增益损耗的级联介质板为例,数值模拟分析了高功率激光器系统中,由垂轴平面内多个散射点形成热像的演化规律,讨论了散射点参数对散射光之间相互作用的影响。模拟结果表明：无论这些共面的散射点同时或分别单独存在,其形成的热像点亦共面,只是同时存在时对应的热像峰值强度比单独存在时低;当不同参数散射点引起的散射光在从背景光场中提取能量形成热像时,提取能量的竞争并不平等,最终会导致某些散射光在能量竞争中处于优势,最终形成的热像得到加强,而其它散射光形成的热像受到抑制。     

Dancing "atoms" and "molecules" of luminous gas-discharge spots

Highly localized, dynamic particle-like excitations are observed in a dc-driven, quasi-two-dimensional gas-discharge system. These localized excitations undergo a transition from isolated to aggregated state as the discharge current is increased. Although they provide us a macroscopic analogue of microscopic atoms and molecules, they are quite distinct from the latter in the point that they exhibit a rich variety of complex dynamics. The fact that these localized excitations can show synchronous dynamics even in distant places, together with recent theoretical studies, indicates that a global coupling plays an important role on the dynamics of such localized excitations.     

Relative salience of envelope and fine structure cues in zebra finch song

Zebra finches produce a learned song that is rich in harmonic structure and highly stereotyped. More is generally known about how birds learn and produce this song than how they perceive it. Here, zebra finches were trained with operant techniques to discriminate changes in natural and synthetic song motifs. Results show that zebra finches are quite insensitive to changes to the overall envelope of the motif since they were unable to discriminate more than a doubling in inter-syllable interval durations. By contrast, they were quite sensitive to changes in individual syllables. A series of tests with synthetic song syllables, including some made of frozen noise and Schroeder harmonic complexes, showed that birds used a suite of acoustic cues in normal listening but they could also distinguish among syllables simply on the basis of the temporal fine structure in the waveform. Thus, while syllable perception is maintained by multiple redundant cues, temporal fine structure features alone are sufficient for syllable discrimination and may be more important for communication than previously thought.     

原子间纠缠和光场模间纠缠的对应关系

本文应用negativity和concurrence两种纠缠度量标准，考察了双原子与双模光场相互作用系统中，原子间纠缠和光场模间纠缠随时间的演化规律，发现它们在时间演化过程中可以相互转换，在一定条件下两者具有很好的对应关系；对于两量子位系统，negativity和concurrence的取值范围一样，在判断纠缠存在与否的标准上也完全相同，但当系统处于混态时二者的大小不能始终保持一致. 关键词： 量子纠缠 negetivity concurrence 双原子 双模光场     

Supersymmetry and polarization in e+e− collisions (II). Fermionic partners of the gauge bosons

We study the pair production of fermionic partners of the gauge bosons in e⁺e^? collisions with polarized beams. We calculate the cross sections and the spin asymmetries for various processes using different models for the basic properties of gauginos. If they exist and if they are rather light, they should be discovered in future e⁺e^? colliders. We show that polarization provides very special signatures for their experimental search.     

Frequency discrimination of single-, double-, and triple-cycle sinusoidal acoustic signals

Very short acoustic signals in the frequency range from 256-2048 Hz consisting of only one, two, or three sinusoidal cycles are examined. Although they are recognized as clicks, they can be distinguished by pitch. Frequency difference limens of these signals are in the order of 1-2 semitones. A tonal character of these short tones appears only with a longer signal, and is linked closer with the duration than with the number of periods.     

Molecular mechanisms of the damage effect of pesticides of various structures on target organisms

The results of a study of the mechanism of action of eight pesticides: Zenkor, Lontrel, Roundup, Kusagard, Sethoxydim, Basagran, Tachigaren, and Tilt are presented. It is shown that they form bidentate metal complexes with trace elements. Pesticides and their metal complexes interact with mono-, di-, and polynucleotides and enzyme systems of living organisms. In all cases, two- or three-component complex systems are formed. The formation of a complex with adenosine triphosphoric acid leads to energy deficiency of the cell and suppression of energy metabolism. The pesticides considered are promutagens; that is, they exhibit genotoxicity after metabolic activation.     

Some theoretical and experimental aspects of the tachyon problem

In this paper, the hypothetical existence of tachyons is re-examined. It has previously been doubted whether tachyons would exist, for it can be shown with the space-time diagram used in the Special Theory of Relativity that they are moving backward in time for some moving systems, and this would contradict the principle of causality. Some scientists tried to save the tachyon theory by using the so-called reinterpretation principle, but it is considered that this can be easily refuted. This paper shows that it can be concluded from the Einstein-Planck frequency relation and the de Broglie wave equation that the absolute value of the mass of the tachyons must be much lower than the rest mass of the electrons-nearly zero. But that means that they do not have any measurable energy if they move with a finite value aboutc. But if tachyons withv>c cannot be measured they cannot cause causality paradoxes. The low mass of the tachyons has also consequences for experimental search, and it will be shown that the previous search was doomed to failure. The limits of the photo-production cross-section for tachyons in lead can be given as 1.5·10^?32?σ<7·10^?31 cm². Further, it can be shown that the kinetic energy of the tachyons is identical to their total energy. We see that tachyons cannot be regarded as ‘faster than light particles’ — they are more a new kind of luxons. If they were to be uncharged it would be nearly impossible to distinguish them from this class of particles.