330MW燃煤机组异相凝并对重金属排放控制的实验研究

湖北某电厂1号机组容量为330 MW,配备双室四电场静电除尘器,为了考察异相凝并技术对细颗粒物以及重金属脱除效率的影响,对1号机组除尘器前后,脱硫塔后进行颗粒物与重金属采样测试。结果表明,在烟道中喷射凝并吸附剂后,ESP入口颗粒态重金属占比增加,其中,Se元素在PM2.5和PM10上增加尤为明显,而气态的重金属含量有所降低,表明凝并吸附剂增强了颗粒态重金属的凝并效果,小颗粒态与气态重金属通过异相凝并过程转移至大颗粒态。喷入凝并吸附剂后,石膏中重金属含量显著降低,说明能够进入脱硫石膏的重金属含量减少,异相凝并提升了ESP对重金属的脱除作用;在尾部烟道末端烟囱排放口采样点,重金属含量相较于未喷入凝并吸附剂的工况,有着明显的降低,表明了经过异相凝并之后,排放至大气中的重金属显著减少,异相凝并对于重金属的控制起到关键作用。     

燃煤电厂异相凝并飞灰重金属淋滤特性

采集了燃煤电厂的异相凝并后飞灰,分析了其物理化学特性。并通过淋滤实验研究了飞灰中重金属As、Se、Pb的环境稳定性。结果表明,凝并飞灰的粒径峰值为138.04μm,而粉煤灰为60.26μm;凝并后细颗粒凝聚成了较大的颗粒;凝并飞灰中重金属As、Se、Pb含量均高于同工况下粉煤灰中的含量,且后序脱硫环节所产生石膏中重金属的含量有所下降;批淋滤实验研究结果表明,凝并飞灰中的重金属浸出能力受淋滤液的pH值影响较大,温和环境和碱性条件抑制了As的浸出,酸性和碱性条件抑制了Se的浸出,而碱性条件抑制了Pb的浸出。柱淋滤实验研究结果表明,在酸性溶液和水溶液中,凝并飞灰的重金属浸出能力均受到了抑制。     

燃煤电厂异相凝并飞灰重金属淋滤特性

采集了燃煤电厂的异相凝并后飞灰，分析了其物理化学特性。并通过淋滤实验研究了飞灰中重金属As、Se、Pb的环境稳定性。结果表明，凝并飞灰的粒径峰值为138.04 μm，而粉煤灰为60.26 μm；凝并后细颗粒凝聚成了较大的颗粒；凝并飞灰中重金属As、Se、Pb含量均高于同工况下粉煤灰中的含量，且后序脱硫环节所产生石膏中重金属的含量有所下降；批淋滤实验研究结果表明，凝并飞灰中的重金属浸出能力受淋滤液的pH值影响较大，温和环境和碱性条件抑制了As的浸出，酸性和碱性条件抑制了Se的浸出，而碱性条件抑制了Pb的浸出。柱淋滤实验研究结果表明，在酸性溶液和水溶液中，凝并飞灰的重金属浸出能力均受到了抑制。     

复合聚并协同脱除燃煤颗粒物及颗粒态重金属的中试研究

燃煤颗粒物和其上富集的As、Se、Pb等重金属排入大气后危害环境和人体健康。本研究开发以湍流聚并、壁面回流吸附为原理的复合聚并器,研究了聚并前后对颗粒物和颗粒态重金属的聚并效果。首先采用数值模拟方法综合考虑压力损失、速度均匀性和颗粒物聚并效果,优选了折叶片作为复合聚并器的叶片类型。随后进行了不同流量的颗粒物聚并中试研究,发现复合聚并器对PM₁的聚并率可达32.84%,随着流量从11.1 m/s增加到17.6 m/s,PM_2.5聚并率呈现一定下降趋势,说明了流量增加导致颗粒停留时间缩短和颗粒物聚并率的下降。通过对比聚并前后颗粒物中As、Se、Pb的浓度变化,发现聚并过程增强了对气态重金属的吸附,也会聚集富含重金属的纳米级颗粒物,从而造成PM₁中重金属浓度的增加。聚并后PM₁内的As、Se、Pb绝对浓度的降低,显示了复合聚并器对颗粒物和颗粒态重金属的协同脱除效果。     

复合聚并协同脱除燃煤颗粒物及颗粒态重金属的中试研究

燃煤颗粒物和其上富集的As、Se、Pb等重金属排入大气后危害环境和人体健康。本研究开发以湍流聚并、壁面回流吸附为原理的复合聚并器，研究了聚并前后对颗粒物和颗粒态重金属的聚并效果。首先采用数值模拟方法综合考虑压力损失、速度均匀性和颗粒物聚并效果，优选了折叶片作为复合聚并器的叶片类型。随后进行了不同流量的颗粒物聚并中试研究，发现复合聚并器对PM₁的聚并率可达32.84%，随着流量从11.1 m/s增加到17.6 m/s，PM_2.5聚并率呈现一定下降趋势，说明了流量增加导致颗粒停留时间缩短和颗粒物聚并率的下降。通过对比聚并前后颗粒物中As、Se、Pb的浓度变化，发现聚并过程增强了对气态重金属的吸附，也会聚集富含重金属的纳米级颗粒物，从而造成PM₁中重金属浓度的增加。聚并后PM₁内的As、Se、Pb绝对浓度的降低，显示了复合聚并器对颗粒物和颗粒态重金属的协同脱除效果。     

660MW燃煤机组锅炉飞灰颗粒物排放特征研究

应用自动烟尘测试仪在沙角C电厂1#炉静电除尘器前进行飞灰颗粒物采集,分析了煤种、负荷对飞灰细颗粒排放特性的影响,同时对飞灰颗粒粒径分布、化学成分、矿物含量和形貌特征等进行了研究。结果表明,机组负荷越高,飞灰颗粒越细,生成的PM1和PM2.5越多,但总的烟尘排放浓度随负荷升高而降低;随着伊泰煤的掺烧比例增大,飞灰颗粒粒径分布向细颗粒区域移动,PM1和PM2.5的含量增大。低负荷时易形成含有熔融小球体的煤胞结构,高负荷时易形成多孔煤胞。高低负荷和不同配煤的燃煤颗粒物矿物成分类似。     

300 MW燃煤电站砷、汞排放特征研究

对某300 MW燃煤电站煤、底灰和静电除尘器(ESP)飞灰进行采样并测定了其中的砷、汞含量,同时应用Ontario Hydro Method (OHM) 标准方法和设备对ESP前后烟气中的砷、汞分布进行了直接采样和测试.对砷的检测结果表明,ESP飞灰中砷含量约6.68×10^-6,是原煤中砷含量的2.5倍左右,而底灰中砷含量仅为1.70×10^-6,ESP前烟气中砷含量约153.27 μg/m³,ESP后砷含量急剧降低为41.13 μg/m³;对汞的检测结果表明,原煤中汞含量约2.5×10^-7,飞灰、底灰中的汞含量分别约1.9×10^-7、1.5×10^-7;ESP前后烟气中总汞含量分别为5.49、5.21 μg/m³.砷在飞灰中明显富集,而汞在飞灰和底渣中均不具有富集效果.ESP单元具有明显的协同脱砷效果,平均脱除率约在71%左右,而对汞的协同脱除效果不明显.     

用固体吸附剂控制燃煤重金属排放及其对SO2,NOx的影响

用石灰石，硫酸钙，铝土矿对燃煤重金属排放进行控制，发现三种吸附剂对某些有毒重金属有吸附作用，吸附效率与吸附剂种类，粒径大小有关，同时添加吸附剂后对ＳＯ２，ＮＯｘ浓度也有影响。     

原子荧光法测定人参中重金属的含量

采用AFS光谱技术,研究了不同产地人参中重金属砷、铅、汞、镉的检测方法,该法稳定、可靠,重现性好,为中药人参实现现代化及国际化提供了基础。     

消渴丸中重金属铅和砷的含量测定

样品湿法消解后用石墨炉原子吸收法测定了消渴丸中铅含量,用原子荧光法测定了砷含量.结果表明,消渴丸中重金属铅含量在0.23～0.55 mg·kg- 1之间;砷含量在0.55～1.09 mg·kg- 1之间;本法测定消渴丸中重金属铅的平均回收率为96.6%,砷的平均回收率为108.4%,说明该法可用于消渴丸中铅和砷的测定,...     

Sustainable natural adsorbents for heavy metal removal from wastewater: lead sorption on pine bark (Pinus radiata D.Don)

Aqueous Pb(II) adsorption on pine bark (Pinus Radiata D.Don), an inexpensive and sustainable natural sorbent material, has been evaluated and the mechanism of metal retention characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Bark pulp densities >1.5 g l^?1 achieve near 100% Pb(II) removal from aqueous solutions containing 100 mg l^?1 Pb(II). Adsorption rates increased with pulp density, although adsorption capacity diminished at high densities because of blockage of adsorption sites. The effects of washing and sulfuric acid activation were assessed and found to be less important than in previous metal sorption studies. Pb(II) sorption takes place mainly at the lignocellulosic C―O groups, with adsorption at phenolic sites appearing to be most significant. © 2016 The Authors. Surface and Interface Analysis published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Magnetic normalization of particle size effects in a heavy metal pollution study of intertidal sediments from the Yangzte Estuary

Magnetic, granulometric and geochemical analyses were conducted on an intertidal sediment core from the Yangtze Estuary to evaluate the possibility of normalizing samples for particle size effects in a heavy metal pollution study by means of magnetic proxies. It has been found that the magnetic parameter XARM, indicating fine grained ferrimagnetic minerals, correlates well with the clay content and organic matter concentration of the sediments. XARM also shows significant relationship with heavy metals. Therefore XARM is proposed as a proxy for clay content in the sediments, and can be used to compensate for the particle size effect in sedimentary heavy metal records, where magnetic minerals are not subject to significant post-depositional alteration.     

改性金属氧化物电极用于降解邻甲酚的性能研究

采用电沉积法制备了Ti/Ti O2-NTs/Pb O2、Ti/Ti O2-NTs/Ce-Pb O2、Ti/Ti O2-NTs/Fe-Pb O2三种电极,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、线性伏安扫描(LSV)、电极加速寿命等手段分别对所制备电极进行了表征,并以邻甲酚作为目标污染物评价了电极的电催化活性。研究结果表明,被Fe、Ce修饰后的两种Pb O2电极的析氧电位、稳定性、电催化活性均高于未修饰电极,且所制备的三种电极的活性催化层均为β型Pb O2,邻甲酚在三种电极上的电催化降解反应均遵守一级反应动力学规律。其中被Fe修饰的Pb O2电极是降解邻甲酚综合性能最佳的电极,该电极析氧电位为2.12 V,当电流密度为10 m A/cm2时对邻甲酚去除率为99.74%,COD去除率为60.31%,加速寿命是未修饰电极的2.6倍。     

A new sensitive and selective sensor for heavy metal ions based on tannin extracted from the skin of Punica granatum L

This article presents the development of a sensor made from a gold electrode and a receiving polymeric membrane based on tannin extracted from the skin of Punica granatum. L (pomegranate) for real-time detection of heavy metals in a hydrous environment. The basic principle of this device is the complexing (chelating) of metal ions through the adjacent hydroxyl groups contained in the chemical structures of the tannins. The electrochemical characterisation was performed by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and square wave voltammetry. Other morphological and structural analyses were performed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and atomic-force microscopy. The results obtained showed the high sensitivity of the developed device (detection limits of 6.35 × 10^?9 g L^?1 for Cu²⁺, 1.1 × 10^?8 g L^?1 for Cd²⁺ and 2 × 10^?7 g L^?1 for Pb²⁺) and the possibility of simultaneously detecting several heavy metals, each one in a highly selective manner with highly acceptable response time (48s).     

ICP-AES法快速测定不锈钢食具容器中重金属的迁移量

采用ICP–AES法快速测定不锈钢食具容器中的重金属铅、铬、镍、镉和砷的迁移量。样品用4%乙酸溶液浸泡,ICP–AES法测定浸泡液中铅、铬、镍、镉、砷的含量。铅、铬、镍、镉、砷的质量浓度分别在0.03~0.30,1.0~5.0,0.3~2.0,0.015~0.20,0.020~0.30 mg/L范围内与其光谱强度线性相关,相关系数均大于0.999 6。铅、铬、镍、镉、砷的检出限分别为0.009,0.000 5,0.002,0.000 5,0.007 mg/L,加标回收率分别为100.0%~122.5%,100.0%~115.0%,99.0%~117.5%,108.0%~115.0%,60.0%~68.8%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.2%~5.0%(n=6)。结果表明,该方法能够满足对不锈钢食具容器中重金属迁移量的快速测定要求,可应用于食品相关产品的监管工作。     

燃烧过程中碱/碱土金属对重金属迁移转化影响的研究进展

碱/碱土金属广泛存在于各种固体燃料中，在燃烧过程中碱/碱土金属与燃料中重金属及其他矿物发生复杂的物理化学反应，从而影响重金属的迁移和转化。本研究主要介绍了碱/碱土金属对As、Se、Pb和Cr四种重金属迁移转化的影响规律，包括碱金属和碱土金属对重金属迁移转化的影响，颗粒物团聚与黏结对重金属排放的影响三个方面。碱/碱土金属能够抑制重金属的挥发：碱金属与Cl元素的结合，降低了PbCl₂的生成；碱金属的存在有利于提升高岭土对Pb的吸附效率；碱/碱土金属可以与As和Se形成稳定的化合物。但同时需要注意碱/碱土金属与Cr的部分结合产物中，Cr以六价态存在，具有较高的毒性。碱/碱土金属对于团聚现象发生，分别起到了促进和抑制作用，适当含量的碱金属有利于减少重金属的释放。通过总结碱/碱土金属对重金属迁移转化的影响规律，以期为降低重金属的危害提供思路。     

Influence of the redox state of the ligand on the dealkylation of substituted methylcobaloximes in the presence of heavy metal ions

The synthesis of cobaloxime and methylcobaloxime containing sterically hindered 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol fragments in the ligand is described. Spectral studies of the demethylation of methylbis(dimethylglyoximato)cobalt (1a), methylbis(diphenylglyoximato)cobalt (1b), methylbis[methyl-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)glyoximato]cobalt (1c) pyridinates were carried out in the presence of Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺, Sn⁴⁺, Pb²⁺, and Pb⁴⁺ ions, The free radical forms of the complexes containing a phenoxy radical W the ligand are formed during oxidation. The ESR spectra are given. The unpaired electron in the periphery of the methylcobaloxime ligand1c interacts with the Co-CH₃ fragment through the conjugated systems, enhancing the donating properties of the equatorial ligand of the complex, which leads to the rapid cleavage of the Co-C bond. Therefore the demethylation of methylcobaloxime in the presence of heavy metal ions occurs in a significantly shorter time.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp, 1822–1827, July, 1996.     

利用旋风炉玻璃化处理垃圾焚烧飞灰实验研究

在自行设计的旋风炉实验台上对焚烧飞灰进行玻璃化熔融实验,系统研究了焚烧飞灰熔融前后微观形貌、灰渣中重金属特性和浸出特性。实验结果表明,焚烧飞灰旋风熔融后成黑色的脆硬玻璃态熔渣,表层呈浅黄色。在熔渣中N i、Cr的固溶率最高,均超过95%以上;低熔点重金属多数挥发至熔融烟气和熔融烟道飞灰颗粒中,Cd的固溶率仅有21%,Pb和Zn部分固溶于玻璃态熔渣中,两者固溶率可达42%以上。Cu和As的固溶率分别为37%和18%。熔融后的玻璃态熔渣重金属浸出率明显低于熔融前的焚烧飞灰,且均低于美国EPA的标准限值。