固相萃取/高效液相色谱法对卷烟主流烟气中丙烯酰胺及其滤咀截留的测定

建立了一种用固相萃取/高效液相色谱法(SPE/HPLC)快速检测主流烟气中丙烯酰胺及其滤咀截留的方法.使用剑桥滤片和吸收瓶捕集主流烟气中的丙烯酰胺,蒸馏水为萃取溶剂,采用C18固相萃取小柱对样品液进行纯化,外标法定量.采用Waters Nova-Pak C18柱(3.9 mm×150 mm×4 μm),柱温30 ℃,流动相为乙腈-水(体积比3 ∶ 47),流速为0.6 mL/min,DAD检测器检测波长为202 nm对丙烯酰胺进行分离测定,外标法定量.方法的线性范围为0.1 ～10 mg/L,线性相关系数为0.999 9;回收率为93% ～102%,检出限(S/N=3)为0.01 mg/L.测试了8种烤烟型香烟主流烟气中丙烯酰胺的含量为6.89 ～15.82 μg/cig;丙烯酰胺在8种烤烟型香烟滤咀中的截留范围为0.94 ～1.10 μg/cig.     

卷烟主流烟气中8种羰基化合物的超高效液相色谱测定

建立了超高效液相色谱(UPLC）对卷烟主流烟气总粒相物中甲醛、乙醛、丙酮、巴豆醛等8种羰基化合物的测定方法。采用经2,4-二硝基苯肼酸性溶液处理过的剑桥滤片捕集烟气,再用含2%(体积分数）吡啶的乙腈溶液进行萃取,以KinetexTM C18(150 mm×2.1 mm,2.6 μm）为色谱柱,水-乙腈(35∶65）和水-乙腈-四氢呋喃-异丙醇(59∶30∶10∶1）为流动相梯度洗脱,采用二极管阵列检测器进行检测,分析时间为20 min。结果表明,该方法的相关系数r2≥0.999 97,检出限为25.81~67.74 ng/cig,平均加标回收率为95%~99%,相对标准偏差为1.4%~5.8%。各组分峰分离度高、分析时间短、流动相耗量少、结果准确可靠。用该方法对20种不同卷烟牌号样品中8种羰基化合物的含量进行测定,结果满意。     

超高效液相色谱法快速分离卷烟主流烟气中8种羰基化合物

建立了超高效液相色谱法(UPLC),分离卷烟主流烟气中8种羰基化合物。采用Acquity UPLC BEH 2-EP色谱柱(100×3mm,1.7μm)分离,以纯水-乙腈/异丙醇/四氢呋喃(89.9∶10∶0.1,V/V/V)为流动相,等度洗脱8种羰基化合物在12min内可实现有效分离。采用建立的UPLC法和高效液相色谱法对卷烟主流烟气中8种羰基化合物进行分离,结果表明,相比于传统的高效液相色谱法,UPLC法更为快速、高效。     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱法测定烟用水基胶中丙烯酰胺

建立了采用固相萃取-超高液相色谱/紫外检测测定烟用水基胶中丙烯酰胺的分析方法。样品经超纯水进行超声提取,固相萃取柱进行富集净化后,经HSS T3色谱柱分离,以甲醇和水为流动相等度洗脱,紫外检测,外标法定量。结果显示,丙烯酰胺在浓度0.01~20.0μg·mL-1范围内有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9999。丙烯酰胺三个不同浓度的加标回收率为91.7%~105.1%;相对标准偏差为1.3%~4.7%(n=6);检出限为3.5μg·L-1。该方法分析时间短、结果准确可靠,满足烟用水基胶中丙烯酰胺的测定。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定卷烟主流烟气中的多环芳烃

通过超声提取、固相萃取(SPE）纯化、反相高效液相色谱分离及荧光检测,建立了测定卷烟主流烟气中荧葸、苯并(k)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘、茚并[1,2、3-cd]芘和苯并[g,h,i]菲等5种多环芳烃的方法。方法的相对标准偏差为2．1％～4,1％,平均回收率为77．2％～90．1％。     

超高效液相色谱β-环糊精流动相添加剂法分析卷烟主流烟气中7种酚类化合物

以β-环糊精(β-CD)作为流动相添加剂,建立了一种超高效液相色谱(UPLC)快速分析卷烟主流烟气中对苯二酚、间苯二酚、邻苯二酚、苯酚、对甲酚、间甲酚、邻甲酚的方法。卷烟主流烟气中7种酚类化合物采用YC/T 255-2008标准方法收集,萃取液经0.22 μm微孔滤膜过滤后直接进行UPLC分析。采用ACQUIT UPLC BEH Shield RP18色谱柱,以含有4 g/L β-CD的流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用优化后的荧光检测条件进行检测,分析时间为10 min。实验结果表明: 与目前国内外普遍应用的HPLC方法相比,该方法实现了间甲酚和对甲酚异构体的有效分离,7种酚类化合物的荧光响应强度显著增加。7种酚类化合物在该方法的线性范围内线性关系良好(r＞0.9999), 3个加标水平上平均回收率为95.5%～103.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于4%,方法的检出限为4～14 ng/cig。     

吸收瓶捕集-超高效液相色谱法测定卷烟侧流烟气中的酚类化合物

建立了室温条件下使用吸收瓶捕集卷烟侧流烟气中的酚类化合物,超高效液相色谱法(UPLC)分离和定量分析的方法。采用鱼尾罩、剑桥滤片收集侧流烟气粒相物,再用装有乙酸(1+99)溶液的吸收瓶捕集穿过剑桥滤片的气相成分,然后用乙酸(1+99)溶液超声萃取总粒相物与气相物,萃取液经过微孔滤膜后直接进行UPLC分析。该方法对侧流烟气中酚类化合物分析,样品回收率为95.2%~105.6%,检测限为4.56~20.47 ng/cig,RSD(n=5)为0.70%~9.2%,分析时间6 min。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定面粉类食品中丙烯酰胺

建立了基于固相萃取-高效液相色谱法的面粉类食品中丙烯酰胺的检测方法,该方法的加标回收率在88.1%～93.8%之间,日内标准偏差小于2.7%,可以满足食品中丙烯酰胺测定的要求。采用该方法对市售饼干样品进行测定,结果表明,饼干中普遍存在丙烯酰胺,其含量约为WHO推荐饮用水中限值的200到800倍。     

离子色谱法测定卷烟主流烟气中的氮氧化物

采用一种全新的离子色谱法测定卷烟主流烟气中氮氧化物,即采用装有5%三乙醇胺溶液的多孔玻板吸收瓶吸收卷烟主流烟气中NO2(NO先用CrO3氧化管氧化为NO2),使之转化为NO2-和NO3-,然后用离子色谱同时检测。由于采用合适的梯度淋洗条件,不需任何样品预处理即可直接检测,方法简便快速。结果表明,本法在0.5-10 mg/L具有良好的线性关系;相对标准偏差小于2%;NO2-和NO3-的检出限分别为0.04mg/L、0.05 mg/L;回收率为97%-101%。     

在线固相萃取和高效液相色谱法测定卷烟主流烟气中几种芳胺

研究了用在线固相萃取富集和高效液相色谱法测定卷烟主流烟气中的几种芳胺(苯胺、对甲基苯胺、2,4-二甲基苯胺、1-萘胺、2-萘胺和4-氨基联苯)的方法,样品中的芳胺用邻甲氧基酚衍生生成偶氮染料,偶氮染料用WatersXterraTMRP18色谱柱在线固相萃取富集,然后以WatersXterraTMRP18色谱柱为固定相,75%的甲醇(内含0.01mol/LpH=8的四氢吡咯-醋酸缓冲液)为流动相分离,二极管矩阵检测器检测;苯胺、对甲基苯胺、2,4-二甲基苯胺、4-氨基联苯、1-萘胺、2-萘胺的检出限分别为005、0.08、0.08、0.06、0.03和0.03μg/L。几种芳胺的相对标准偏差在2.2%~3.4%之间;标准回收率在89%~106%之间,方法用于卷烟主流烟气中几种芳胺的测定,结果令人满意。     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱联用测定水果及果酱中的展青霉素

以硅酸镁、硅胶、硅藻土、硫酸钙为原料,加入乙醇研磨成匀浆,干燥,填充于聚丙烯柱管中,制备成新型固相萃取小柱。样品经果胶酶酶解,乙腈提取,固相萃取净化,以C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm)为分离色谱柱进行定性、定量分析。流动相为0.8%(体积分数)四氢呋喃水溶液,流速为0.5 mL/min,以276 nm波长进行检测。考察了果胶酶对萃取效果的影响、固相萃取小柱的净化效果及最佳色谱分析条件。在0.1~10 mg/L范围内,展青霉素峰高与质量浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(R~2)为1,方法检出限为10.22μg/kg,样品的加标回收率为86.58%~94.84%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.45%~2.28%。实验结果表明,自制固相萃取小柱净化效果好,超高效液相色谱分离效能高,样品测定操作方法简单,结果准确,对水果制品的质量安全控制具有重要的意义。     

离子色谱法及聚类分析研究主流烟气中的有机酸

建立了超声辅助萃取-离子色谱法同时测定卷烟主流烟气中主要有机酸的方法.采用20 mL 30 mmol/L J NaOH溶液在50℃下对捕集了卷烟主流烟气的剑桥滤片超声萃取50 min,AS11-HC分离柱、Ion AG11-HC保护柱、ASRS-ULTRAⅡ抑制器,KOH溶液为淋洗液,用电导检测器同时测定了卷烟主流烟气中的乳酸、甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、苹果酸和草酸的含量.方法的线性范围1.0～400 mg/L,相关系数为0.9990～0.9995,相对标准偏差1.4%～4.8%,检出限0.03～0.09 mg/L,回收率为92%～104%.采用此方法测定了19种不同规格卷烟样品主流烟气中6种有机酸的含量,并且以6种有机酸为指标对样品进行了聚类分析.结果表明,6种有机酸的含量分布特征可反映不同等级卷烟产品的特性,可用于不用等级卷烟产品的比较和分类.     

An improved headspace solid-phase microextraction method for the analysis of free-base nicotine in particulate phase of mainstream cigarette smoke

The content of free-base nicotine in cigarette smoke is a controversial subject, partly due to methodological issues. In this investigation, an improved method to measure free-base nicotine in cigarette smoke using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with GC/MS analysis, was developed and validated for this purpose. Cigarette smoke particulate phase (PP) was collected onto a 44 mm glass fiber filter pad. The pad was cut in halves with one half used to determine the concentrations of total nicotine and water. The remaining half was analyzed by HS-SPME for free-base nicotine. The following factors were found to have a significant impact on the responses of free-base nicotine: SPME fiber type, pre-equilibrium time before HS-SPME, extraction time and temperature, PP water content, and the solvent used for the preparation of standards. It was also found that the impact of PP water content on the determination of free-base nicotine from smoke sample could be corrected by a water correction factor calculated based on an experimentally determined reciprocal model. The precision of the method was evaluated with smoke samples of reference cigarettes: Canadian flue-cured monitor and Kentucky reference 2R4F. The RSD values obtained were in the 12.8-16.8% range.     

固相萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用法测定卷烟主流烟气中的香兰素和乙基香兰素

采用固相萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用技术,建立了一种同时测定卷烟主流烟气中香兰素和乙基香兰素的方法。方法优化了萃取条件,考察了萃取溶剂、萃取时间对检测结果的影响。通过硅藻土固相萃取柱净化并浓缩后,选取DB-HeavyWAX毛细管柱进行目标物分离,以香兰素-d3作为内标,对香兰素和乙基香兰素进行定量分析。结果表明,香兰素和乙基香兰素在浓度0.2~20.0 mg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,其检出限分别为9.1 ng/支和6.5 ng/支,回收率均在96.3%~107.7%之间。     

主流烟气中甲胺和乙胺离子色谱法测定

建立了用0.01 mol·L-1盐酸水溶液吸收,离子色谱法测定卷烟主流烟气中甲胺和乙胺的方法。该方法采用Ion Pac CS16(4×250 mm)分离柱和CG16(4×50 mm)保护柱,10mmol·L-1甲烷基磺酸(MSA)水溶液等梯度洗脱,在柱温60℃、流速1.0 m L·min-1的条件下,实现了甲胺和乙胺的有效分离。方法的线性关系良好,RSD均小于5%,甲胺检出限为0.04μg/支,加标平均回收率为92.7%~94.3%,乙胺检出限为0.05μg/支,加标平均回收率为93.5%~103.0%。该方法灵敏度高、准确性好、前处理简单,有良好的可靠性和实用性。     

Simultaneous on-line size and chemical analysis of gas phase and particulate phase of cigarette mainstream smoke

This paper describes the combined set-up of on-line chemical analysis of gas phase by single-photon ionisation/resonance enhanced multiphoton ionisation–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SPI/REMPI-TOFMS) and on-line particle size analysis by differential electrical mobility particle spectrometry (DMS 500) for the investigation of fresh cigarette mainstream smoke. SPI is well suited for the investigation of a great variety of organic species, whereas REMPI is highly sensitive for aromatic compounds. Gas phase measurements of filtered and unfiltered smoke are possible with the SPI/REMPI-TOFMS in order to determine the influence of the presence of particles on the chemical composition of the gas phase. Initial results are shown for the characterisation and comparison of three pure Virginia tobacco research cigarettes having filter ventilations of 0%, i.e. no filter ventilation, 35% and 70% ventilation. The three cigarette types are smoked under two different smoking regimes, a standard regime using puff parameters equivalent to the conventional International Standard Organisation regime and a more intense smoking regime. For the gas phase, qualitative puff-by-puff resolved yields of three selected compounds (acetaldehyde, phenol and styrene) are shown and compared. For particulate matter, particle number, count median diameter and total surface area are illustrated on a puff-by-puff basis. Yields of the chemicals analysed, puff number and surface area are in good agreement with the intensity of the smoking regime and the dilution of smoke by filter ventilation. However, gaseous compounds are influenced differently, depending whether an absolute particle filter is present or not, i.e. they can be totally removed (phenol), partially removed (styrene) or not affected (acetaldehyde). For particle analysis, the count median diameter decreases from puff to puff and is strongly dependent on the smoking regime and ventilation rate. Thereby, 0% ventilated cigarettes smoked under the intense regime result in the smallest count median diameters of ca. 180 nm, whereas 70% ventilated cigarettes smoked with a standard regime lead to the largest values of up to 280 nm. As particle diameter increases, particle number decreases as a consequence of increasing time for particle coagulation.     

Determination of pyridine, 2-picoline, 4-picoline and quinoline from mainstream cigarette smoke by solid-phase extraction liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

The present paper describes the development and validation of a new reversed-phase liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric method (RP-HPLC–ESI-MS/MS) for simultaneous determination of pyridine, 2-picoline, 4-picoline and quinoline from mainstream cigarette smoke. Liquid–liquid extraction followed by solid-phase extraction was applied to extract the target analytes from cigarette smoke. Baseline chromatographic separation was achieved by utilizing a Zorbax SB-Aq (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 μm) column in gradient chromatographic conditions with acetonitrile and ammonium acetate buffer as mobile phases. Popular commercially available Indian brand filtered and non-filtered cigarettes were analyzed using the same method. The identification of each chemical was established by chromatographic retention times, analyte specific fragmentation patterns and relative peak area ratios of two product/precursor ion pairs. The limit of detection of this method ranged from 1.74 to 14.32 ng/cig using an injection volume of 20 μl. The reproducibility of this method is excellent and better standard deviations were obtained compared to literature reported values for these chemicals. RSD value is less than 9% for all analytes.