带形域内裂编译地SH波散射问题的边界元解

采用边界元法研究含裂纹的带形域各向性弹性体，裂纹对ＳＨ波的散射问题，推导出带形域情况下不同边界条件的各种Ｇｒｅｅｎ函数，导出了以裂纹张开位移为未知数的边界积分方程，计算出表面散射场和总位移，算例表明，利用所提供的格林函数和边界元格式解答带形域的散射问题比较方便     

弹性带形域中多个半圆柱形凹陷对SH波的散射

对稳态SH（shear horizontal）导波在表面含有多个半圆柱形凹陷的弹性带形介质内的散射问题进行了研究，并给出了解析解。首先，运用导波展开法构造平面SH导波；然后，利用累次镜像法构造出满足带形域上、下两条直边界应力自由条件的散射波；最后，根据凹陷边沿的切应力为零的条件得到定解方程。通过算例分析了累次镜像法的精度、凹陷边沿的动应力集中和上、下边界位移幅值的变化情况。数值结果表明:只有一个凹陷时，中高频率的入射波和小厚度的带形域会引起凹陷边沿更高的动应力集中，上边界位移幅值的最大值会出现在凹陷的迎波面附近；当有两个凹陷时，大多数情况下，第二个凹陷对第一个凹陷边沿的动应力集中起放大作用，并且在理想弹性带形介质内，两凹陷之间的影响在相距无穷远时也会存在。     

一种新型三角形裂尖单元及其在结构裂纹分析中的应用

构造了一种适合边界元分析裂纹问题的三角形单元,该单元中的形函数包含两部分,主要部分用于捕捉裂纹尖端上位移分布的陡峭特性(性质),另一部分为常规的拟合函数,体现裂纹尖端位置附近的物理量在其他方向上的连续分布。形函数主要部分的构造充分利用了已有理论研究获得的结论,在裂纹表面,随着距离远离尖端,位移分布与■函数保持同阶变化。在传统形函数的基础上,通过先乘以一项同阶于■的变量项,再在系数中将其在形函数所在点上的值除去,便得到新型的用于拟合裂纹尖端附近位移和面力分布的形函数。新的形函数能够满足形函数的delta性质,但归一性不再满足,因此,新的形函数只用于物理量的拟合,而几何量的拟合依然采用传统方案。通过对偶边界元方法计算裂纹尖端的张开位移后,利用一种位移外插方法计算获得应力强度因子。数值算例关注了一种无限域内的圆盘裂纹,应用新构造的三角形单元于对偶边界元中计算结构在受到斜拉力时裂纹尖端的三种应力强度因子。通过与参考解进行对比,验证了该插值方案用于对偶边界元分析裂纹问题时的正确性和高精度。     

三维切口/裂纹结构的扩展边界元法分析

在线弹性理论中,三维 V 形切口/裂纹结构尖端区域存在多重应力奇异性,常规数值方法不易求解. 本文提出和建立了三维扩展边界元法 (XBEM),用于分析三维线弹性 V 形切口/裂纹结构完整的位移和应力场. 先将三维线弹性 V 形切口/裂纹结构分为尖端小扇形柱和挖去小扇形柱后的外围结构. 尖端小扇形柱内的位移函数采用自尖端径向距离 $r$ 的渐近级数展开式表达,其中尖端区域的应力奇异指数、位移和应力特征角函数通过插值矩阵法获得. 而级数展开式各项的幅值系数作为基本未知量. 挖去扇形域后的外围结构采用常规边界元法分析. 两者方程联立求解可获得三维 V 形切口/裂纹结构完整的位移和应力场,包括切口/裂纹尖端区域精细的应力场. 扩展边界元法具有半解析法特征,适用于一般三维 V 形切口/裂纹结构完整位移场和应力场的分析,其解可精细描述从尖端区域到整体结构区域的完整应力场. 作者研制了三维扩展边界元法程序,文中给出了两个算例,通过计算结果分析,表明了扩展边界元法求解三维 V 形切口/裂纹结构完整应力场的准确性和有效性.      

ANALYSIS OF 3-D NOTCHED/CRACKED STRUCTURES BY USING EXTENDED BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD 1)

在线弹性理论中,三维 V 形切口/裂纹结构尖端区域存在多重应力奇异性,常规数值方法不易求解. 本文提出和建立了三维扩展边界元法 (XBEM),用于分析三维线弹性 V 形切口/裂纹结构完整的位移和应力场. 先将三维线弹性 V 形切口/裂纹结构分为尖端小扇形柱和挖去小扇形柱后的外围结构. 尖端小扇形柱内的位移函数采用自尖端径向距离 $r$ 的渐近级数展开式表达,其中尖端区域的应力奇异指数、位移和应力特征角函数通过插值矩阵法获得. 而级数展开式各项的幅值系数作为基本未知量. 挖去扇形域后的外围结构采用常规边界元法分析. 两者方程联立求解可获得三维 V 形切口/裂纹结构完整的位移和应力场,包括切口/裂纹尖端区域精细的应力场. 扩展边界元法具有半解析法特征,适用于一般三维 V 形切口/裂纹结构完整位移场和应力场的分析,其解可精细描述从尖端区域到整体结构区域的完整应力场. 作者研制了三维扩展边界元法程序,文中给出了两个算例,通过计算结果分析,表明了扩展边界元法求解三维 V 形切口/裂纹结构完整应力场的准确性和有效性.     

SH波对浅埋裂纹的半圆形凹陷地形的散射

采用Green函数方法，研究浅埋裂纹和含有圆形凹陷的弹性半空间对入射SH波的散射。首先取含有半圆形凹陷的弹性半空间，任意一点承受时间谐和的出平面线源荷载作用时的位移函数基本解作为Green函数；然后求解含半圆形凹陷的弹性半空间对SH波的散射问题；最后在裂纹实际存在位置利用Green函数实施裂纹的人工切割以恢复存在的裂纹，给出浅埋裂纹的半圆形凹陷弹性空间内的位移函数，进而求解裂纹存在对地表位移的影响。     

压电体中孔边Ⅲ型界面裂纹的动应力强度因子

采用Green函数法研究界面上含圆孔边界径向有限长度裂纹的两半无限压电材料对SH波的散射和裂纹尖端动应力强度因子问题.首先构造出具有半圆型凹陷半空间的位移Green函数和电场Green函数,然后采用裂纹"切割"方法构造孔边裂纹,并根据契合思想和界面上的连接条件建立起求解问题的定解积分方程.最后作为算例,给出了孔边界面裂纹尖端动应力强度因子的计算结果图并进行了讨论.     

混凝土断裂的连续-非连续方法

采用有限元形函数作为单位分解函数,位移间断用富集节点的附加自由度表示,建立了允许在单元内部位移非连续的局部富集公式以表征混凝土的开裂区域．富集基函数由节点形函数和节点形函数与间断函数的乘积的并集构成．非连续位移的扩展路径完全与网格结构无关．不同于以非协调应变为基础的嵌入非连续模型,对单元的类型没有限制而且间断位移可以贯穿单元边界．局部富集思想与扩展有限元类似,但富集点自由度保持节点位移的物理意义不变,使相邻单元无需进行富集运算．在变分公式中引入混凝土粘结本构定律,推导了考虑断裂过程区非线性影响的基本方程．对混凝土粘结裂纹扩展的数值模拟说明了该计算方法的有效性．     

扩展边界元法研究围压下巴西圆盘应力强度因子

建立了扩展边界元法,研究围压作用下巴西V形切口圆盘(SV-BD)应力强度因子的新途径。首先在切口尖端区域挖取一微小扇形域,将该扇形区域的位移和应力场表示为有限项奇性指数和特征角函数的线性组合,代入弹性力学控制方程,导出关于巴西圆盘切口应力奇性指数的常微分方程组特征值问题,运用插值矩阵法一次性计算出切口各阶应力奇性指数及其相应的位移特征角函数。再将位移和应力场的组合回代到在被挖去微小扇形域后的剩余结构内建立的边界积分方程,离散后求解出组合系数,同时获得巴西V形切口圆盘(SV-BD)应力强度因子。数值计算结果表明:扩展边界元法计算纯围压作用下巴西裂纹圆盘应力强度因子的结果与解析解的相对误差不超过0.548%,证明了论文方法的有效性;还表明纯围压作用下,随着切口张角的增大,巴西圆盘应力强度因子逐渐由负值向正值转化。因此,纯围压作用下,巴西裂纹圆盘和小张角巴西切口圆盘是闭合的,而大张角巴西切口圆盘是I型劈裂破坏的。     

薄膜涂层材料中币形界面裂纹的弹性波散射

研究了薄膜涂层材料中币形界面裂纹的弹性波散射问题,建立了含有币形界面裂纹的覆层半空间模型,采用Hankel积分变换,将裂纹对弹性波散射的问题转化为求解矩阵形式的奇异积分方程。结合渐近分析和围道积分技术得到积分方程的解,进一步推导了散射波的应力场和位移场,以及动应力强度因子的理论计算公式。在数值算例中,分析了不同材料组合和裂纹尺寸情况下动应力强度因子与入射波频率的关系,并给出了裂纹张开位移的结果。为薄膜涂层材料的动态破坏分析提供了一定的理论基础。     

The 7th International Conference on Fluid Mechanics May 24-27,2015,Qingdao,China

正http://www.icfm7.org First Announcement and Call for PapersThe objective of International Conference on Fluid Mechanics(ICFM)is to provide a forum for researchers to exchange new ideas and recent advances in the fields of theoretical,experimental,computational Fluid Mechanics as well as interdisciplinary subjects.It was successfully convened by the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics(CSTAM)in Beijing(1987,     

INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS

Contributions： The Journal, Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica, is pleased to receive papers from engineers and scientists working in various aspects of solid mechanics. All contributions are subject to critical review prior to acceptance and publication.     

基于鲁棒滤波的捷联导引头视线角速度估计方法

针对捷联导引头无法直接获取视线角速度等信息的问题,研究了鲁棒滤波在大气层外飞行器捷联导引头视线角速度估计中的应用。为了建立非线性滤波估计模型,考虑目标视线角速度的慢变特性,采用一阶马尔科夫模型建立了状态方程;推导了视线角速度的解耦模型,并建立了量测方程;考虑到实际应用中存在系统噪声统计特性失准的问题,基于Huber-Based鲁棒滤波方法,设计了视线角速度滤波器,并完成了基于Huber-Based滤波方法和扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的数学仿真。仿真结果表明Huber-Based滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度分别达到0.1140'、0.1423'/s、0.0203'/s2,而扩展卡尔曼滤波方法的视线角、视线角速度及视线角加速度估计精度仅分别为0.6577'、0.6415'/s、0.0979'/s~2。仿真结果证明了该方法可以有效地估计出相对视线角速度等信息,并且在非高斯噪声的条件下,依然可获得较高的估计精度,具有一定的鲁棒性。     

Guide for authors

正Each of the sections below provides essential information for authors.We recommend that you take the time to read them before submitting a contribution to Acta Mechanica Sinica.We hope our guide to authors may help you navigate to the appropriate section.How to prepare a submission This document provides an outline of the editorial process involved in publishing a scientific paper in Acta Mechanica     

Use specification of multiscale materials for life spanned over macro-, micro-, nano-, and pico-scale

Multiscale material intends to enhance the strength and life of mechanical systems by matching the transmitted spatiotemporal energy distribution to the constituents at the different scale, say—macro, micro, nano, and pico,—, depending on the needs. Lower scale entities are, particularly, critical to small size systems. Large structures are less sensitive to microscopic effects. Scale shifting laws will be developed for relating test data from nano-, micro-, and macro-specimens. The benefit of reinforcement at the lower scale constituents needs to be justified at the macroscopic scale. Filling the void and space in regions of high energy density is considered.Material inhomogeneity interacts with specimen size. Their combined effect is non-equilibrium. Energy exchange between the environment and specimen becomes increasingly more significant as the specimen size is reduced. Perturbation of the operational conditions can further aggravate the situation. Scale transitional functions and/or f_j/j+1 are introduced to quantify these characteristics. They are represented, respectively, by , and (f_mi/ma,f_na/mi,f_pi/na). The abbreviations pi, na, mi, and ma refer to pico, nano, micro and macro.Local damage is assumed to initiate at a small scale, grows to a larger scale, and terminate at an even larger scale. The mechanism of energy absorption and dissipation will be introduced to develop a consistent book keeping system. Compaction of mass density for constituents of size 10⁻¹², 10⁻⁹, 10⁻⁶, 10⁻³ m, will be considered. Energy dissipation at all scales must be accounted for. Dissipations at the smaller scale must not only be included but they must abide by the same physical and mathematical interpretation, in order to avoid inconsistencies when making connections with those at the larger scale where dissipations are eminent.Three fundamental Problems I, II, and III are stated. They correspond to the commonly used service conditions. Reference is made to a Representative Tip (RT), the location where energy absorption and dissipation takes place. The RT can be a crack tip or a particle. At the larger size scales, RT can refer to a region. Scale shifting of results from the very small to the very large is needed to identify the benefit of using multiscale materials.     

Impact non-pénétrant sur le thorax : influence de la courbure sur la propagation des ondesNonpenetrating impact on the thorax: influence of curvature on wave propagation

Theoretical studies of the propagation of impact waves through the thorax are needed to improve the design of bulletproof jackets and blast protections (Fung in ‘Biomechanics Motions, Flow, Stress, and Growth’, Springer-Verlag, 1990; Cooper et al., J. Trauma 40 (1996) S38–S41). The influence of the weak acoustic coupling at the interface between the thoracic wall and the lung were described in (Grimal et al., C. R. Acad. Sci. IIB 329 (2001) 655–662); in this work, we study, within the frame of elastodynamics and with an approximate analytical method, the effects of the curvature of this interface. Results are given in terms of strain energy for the pressure wave, transmitted or converted. Focalisation of energy in the medium representing the lung is important for curvatures measured in humans. To cite this article: Q. Grimal et al., C. R. Mecanique 330 (2002) 569–574.     

Vérification expérimentale de la relation de réciprocité d'Onsager pour l'électro-osmose et l'électro-filtration dans une argile naturelleExperimental verification of the Onsager's reciprocal relations for electro-osmosis and electro-filtration phenomena on a saturated clay

This Note is devoted to the experimental verification of the Onsager's reciprocal relations in the particular case of electro-osmosis and electro-filtration. A special set up has been designed to carry out the measurements of both the electro-osmotic permeability and the streaming potential. This has been performed by using a natural material i.e., saturated kaolinite. To cite this article: K. Beddiar et al., C. R. Mecanique 330 (2002) 893–898.