一种新的微光像增强器综合测试系统

描述一种具有单一光源的微光像增强器综合测量系统，系统可以测试微光像增强器光量子类的阴极光灵敏度、辐射灵敏度、亮度增益，等效背景照度、输出信噪比、亮度均匀性和几何类的分辨率、畸变、图像同轴性、中心放大率等指标，系统对各个指标测量的不确定度优于５％。     

三代微光像增强器亮度增益测量装置

 微光像增强器是微光夜视仪的核心器件,它是微光夜视整机性能和价格的决定因素。微光像增强器是在微弱的光线下工作的 ,因此必然是光能放大器。亮度增益是评价微光像增强器光电性能的一个重要参数,它直接影响了微光整机的性能,因此,对像增强器的亮度增益测试技术的研究具有重要意义。文中介绍了三代微光像增强器的亮度增益测量原理和装置,并对测量结果进行了不确定度评定。     

微光像增强器积分灵敏度单次测量误差分析

为了提高批量微光像增强器性能参数的测试速度,通常采信单次测试数据作为测量结果。在该情况下,参数单次测量结果的误差将直接决定性能评价结果的准确性。以微光像增强器积分灵敏度的参数测试为例开展单次测量误差评定,通过对微光像增强器积分灵敏度的测试方法、测量装置、数据计算等误差情况进行综合分析,计算得到的积分灵敏度单次测量最大误差为6.7%;在该基础上,提出了采用更高加工精度光阑、对入射光测量位置进行修正以及阶段性辅助参量重复性测量校对的积分灵敏度单次测量误差控制方案。研究结果对微光像增强器批量化快速测试具有重要的指导意义和参考价值。     

基于夜天光光谱匹配的微光像增强器信噪比研究

针对现有微光像增强器的信噪比实验室测试结果无法准确描述其在实际夜天辐射条件下工作时信噪比的问题,依据光阴极与夜天光光谱匹配关系和光量子噪声起伏理论推导了微光像增强器的输出信噪比理论计算模型.在基于典型微光像增强器参数对模型验证的基础上,计算了典型超二代和三代像增强器在实际夜天辐射条件下工作时的信噪比.结果表明,实际夜天...     

光子计数法测量微光像增强器背景噪声分布特性

针对微光像增强器噪声特性,理论上分析了微光像增强器背景光子噪声特点。设计了采用光子计数法及使用类针孔微弱光照度计对微光像增强器的背景噪声进行测量的方案。在三代微光像增强器信噪比测量装置中,采用类针孔微弱光照度计对微光像增强器无光照时荧光屏上Ф0.2 mm光斑的照度进行了测量实验。对于空间特性,以荧光屏中心点为圆心的同心圆上照度值不均匀性小于1%;对于时间特性,在微光像增强器工作大约270 min后,荧光屏中心点照度值会达到稳定状态。以各个空间点和时间点照度值为基础分析了无光照时像增强器背景噪声在时间和空间的分布特性,为评价微光像增强器的噪声特性提供了数据支持。     

微光像增强器图像传递信噪比的测试研究

图像传递信噪比是微光像增强器的重要特性参数．能够全面定量地表征像增强器在探测弱辐射图像时的综合性能，对于确定像增强器的图像探测灵敏闽具有重要意义。针对其测试原理．采用高灵敏度低噪声CCD器件作为像管输出图像的探测接收器．并引入数字图像处理技术。利用设计的测试系统实现了典型目标图像传递信噪比的自动测试．多次实验结果表明．陔测试系统具有测试过程自动快速及测试数据准确稳定的优点．相同测试条件下的不确定度优于±3%。     

微光像增强器噪声功率谱测试研究

在微光像增强器成像中 ,迭加在图像上的时空域噪声 ,不仅限制系统可工作的最低照度 ,而且使显示图像有随机蠕动颗粒闪烁的外观。适用的噪声性能测试分析技术则可为改善已有系统的成像质量、研制新型高性能的微光成像器件与系统提供必要的基础和客观依据。通过用CCD对像增强器噪声功率谱的测试发现像增强器噪声主要集中在低频部分 ,高频段的噪声近似为白噪声。     

三代微光像增强器信噪比测量技术研究

微光像增强器是微光成像技术中的核心部件,微光像增强器的信噪比是像增强器的重要参数之一,它可以定量表征像增强器在探测弱辐射图像时的性能,可综合反映空间因素和时间因素对探测图像特性的影响。介绍了微光像增强器信噪比的测量原理和装置,测量装置采用精确的微孔光阑、可变光阑及共轭对称透镜系统,实现直径为0.2 mm的特定光斑投射在像增强器光阴极面上。采用光子计数技术,通过研究小探测面（探测直径小于4 mm）微弱光照度标定方法,解决了针孔微弱光照度的准确标定与直径为0.2 mm信噪比光源照度准确测量。     

基于机器视觉的微光夜视仪整机检测系统设计

设计并研制了微光夜视仪整机检测系统,采用CCD器件作为被检仪器输出图像的探测接收器,可在微光夜视仪完整状态下对像增强器进行检测。提出微光夜视仪整机状态下像增强器性能的检测参数,并分析了其检测原理与综合测试方法。通过对检测仪的伸缩式结构、光学系统、CCD选型和检测软件算法等部分进行设计,实现了一台检测仪能够对视场中心分辨力、亮度增益、视场亮度均匀性及视场亮度稳定性等多个性能参量的测试。试验结果表明,检测系统的测试误差在3%以内。     

像增强器MTF测量理想像面选择方法研究

为了能够获得准确的调制传递函数测量结果,对测量系统中投射图像的理想成像面进行选择性调节。通过对微光像增强器调制传递函数测量系统光学成像性质的深入分析,讨论了光学系统的像差特性,利用平均中点取值法实现了微光像增强器调制传递函数测量中对理想成像面的选择。通过与微光像增强器已有测量结果的对比,证明所述方法能够保证微光像增强器调制传递函数测量的准确性。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.