一种快速的单目移动相机下运动目标检测方法

从射影几何的角度分析了单目移动相机下场景运动矢量与摄像机运动之间的关系,基于摄像机光心坐标系,提出了一种快速极线估计算法.该算法中摄像机在此坐标系下永远静止,只有场景和运动目标在运动,将原来移动平台下运动目标检测的问题转换成静止平台下场景全局运动与运动目标独立运动的问题,并推导出光流约束的简洁形式.该算法框架能够根据KLT算法获得Harris角点光流场,并根据实际图像的运动场补偿摄像机的随机运动,同时在保证算法准确性与鲁棒性的前提下,与原来算法相比,计算速度提升了10倍左右.根据实际采集的图像序列进行了分析对比,真实的数据测试表明快速极线估计算法在保证算法准确性与鲁棒性的前提下,极大地降低了算法的计算量与计算时间,从而无需三维重建便可有效地解决单目移动摄像机下运动目标检测的问题.     

MPEG-4视频中运动背景下的目标检测算法

针对由运动摄像机捕获的MPEG-4视频流中的运动目标检测问题,提出了一种直接利用压缩视频码流进行全局运动估计的新算法.算法从全局运动估计的基础出发,利用背景宏块运动相似性的特点快速建立背景宏块集合并采用常用的四参数全局运动估计模型估计运动参数.最后,计算运动矢量残差,通过对运动矢量残差的筛选检测运动日标.算法利用MPEG-4码流中蕴含的运动信息.不需要对压缩流完全解码,较大地提高了检测效率;进一步改善了检测效果.实验验证了提出的全局运动估计算法的检测效率和检测效果.     

基于混合高斯模型的运动目标检测方法研究

为了能够及时检测到图像场景中的运动目标,提出一种基于混合高斯模型的运动目标检测方法。借助把图像的像素值看成是前景高斯分布和背景高斯分布的组合,进行了背景估计和自适应背景更新;通过对背景差分后的图像进行多目标分割,进行了多个运动目标的检测。实验发现:随着图像序列的背景不断变化,基于混合高斯模型算法能够准确估计出变化的背景,通过将场景图像和背景图像进行差分,检测到感兴趣的运动目标。     

动态场景下基于运动物体检测的立体视觉里程计

为了提升动态场景中视觉里程计的稳健性和精确度,提出一种基于运动物体检测的立体视觉里程计算法。首先,建立考虑相机位姿的场景流计算模型,用于表示物体的运动矢量。其次,提出构造虚拟地图点的方法,一方面结合场景流进行运动物体检测,另一方面使运动物体在图像中占比较大时仍有足够匹配点对用于位姿估计。最后,通过局部地图点及虚拟地图点与当前帧特征点的匹配结果,构建考虑虚拟点的非线性优化模型进行相机位姿估计,既保证静态地图点不与运动物体的特征点形成错误匹配,又避免因有效匹配点对过少而导致视觉里程计失效。数据集实验和实际场景在线实验结果表明,本文算法提升了视觉里程计在动态场景中的稳健性和精确度。     

基于光流估计和自适应背景抑制的弱小目标检测

针对复杂云背景下的弱小目标探测,提出了一种基于光流估计和自适应背景抑制相结合的弱小目标检测算法.首先根据红外图像中云的移动规律,对云背景下的红外图像进行光流分析,提取运动云区.在光流场的计算中结合了云运动的特点以及光流方程的两个约束条件,对传统的基于梯度的光流法予以改进.同时发现移动云区对目标探测的影响较大,为了抑制移...     

抗前景干扰的自适应电子稳像算法

针对场景中存在前景目标运动的抖动视频,提出一种抗前景干扰的自适应电子稳像算法.算法以视觉对运动的感知为指导,采用基于块的三帧间差分,利用时空一致性快速剔除运动前景区域;改进传统Harris算子,用网格筛选和显著度排序,对背景区域进行全局显著特征点的提取和配准,保证全局配准准确度;用统计分布的距离准则去除误匹配点,无需特征点迭代运算,提高了全局运动估计的速度和准确度.在Sage-Husa自适应运动滤波方法的基础上,改进了修正过程噪音和观测噪音的统计特性,模拟摄像机低频匀速运动的视觉平滑效果,有效解决摄像机抖动中存在的扫描运动.在Intel酷睿2四核2.33GHz的微机上用VC++进行实验,结果表明,该算法对320×240像素的视频序列能够达到22fps的处理能力,可以实时稳定含较大或多运动前景目标的复杂抖动视频,输出视觉完整流畅的真实扫描场景.     

基于光流反馈的单目视觉三维重建

提出一种基于光流反馈的单目视觉三维(3D)重建方法,实现对场景快速、准确的3D立体化建模。由帧间光流场建立更为稳健的同名像点匹配关系,同时运用五点算法估计摄像机的相对位姿,以构建稀疏点云和初始网格。从运动视觉分析的角度寻求多视重构的求解方法,将重建模型反馈至重建过程,用各视图像的偏差驱动模型变形。将粗略、不准确的原始网格曲面经过致密的非刚性变形,调整至精确的曲面。在统一计算设备架构下,利用图形处理器对光流算法进行并行加速,显著提高了重构算法运行的实时性。室内真实场景下的重建结果证明了所提算法的可行性与准确性。     

基于光流的运动小目标检测算法

运动目标的检测是目标识别与跟踪的关键技术之一。光流技术是一种以物体的运动特征来检测目标的方法,它的提出为运动小目标的检测开辟了新的空间。在一个搜索跟踪系统中使用光流技术检测和跟踪空中小目标,目标大概为5～10个像素,而且背景复杂,相机抖动,普通分割算法无法得到小目标。在目标的运动明显异于背景的情况下,通过利用基于光流的目标检测算法来检测出小目标,同时运用高斯金字塔模型,提高算法的运算速度。试验结果表明提出的基于光流的检测算法在背景运动的红外图像中取得了较好的效果。     

基于目标运动的复眼式双目视觉测距法

昆虫（螳螂）复眼利用目标的动态差异实现立体视觉,具有视场大、计算简单、实时性高等特点,是立体视觉研究的新方向。为实现复眼立体视觉在机器人视觉导航中的应用,根据复眼结构以及信息处理机制,提出并研究了环形光电传感器的目标快速检测与定位方法。首先,搭建了基于60个光电二极管的等6°夹角分布式环形传感器,形成具有360°视场的环形仿生复眼;其次,建立了基于光流原理的运动目标方位角检测模型,采用傅里叶拟合法实现了方位角检测模型的优化,实现了运动目标方位角与目标距离大视野范围内的简单、快速检测。实验结果表明:1）可实现距离375 mm范围内运动速度为30 mm/s的目标方位角实时检测,测量误差在2°范围内;2）基于目标方位角检测模型,可实现双目阵列传感器在300 mm×375 mm视野重叠区域范围内、平均测量误差在10 mm范围内的立体视觉测距。基于光流的运动目标方位角检测模型可用于实现对运动目标空间位置的动态实时检测,在运动检测、视觉导航等领域具有广泛的应用前景。     

动态背景下基于光流场分析的运动目标检测算法

针对现有动态背景下运动目标检测算法的不足,提出一种基于光流场分析的运动目标检测算法.首先根据前背景在光流梯度幅值和光流矢量方向上的差异确定目标的大致边界,然后通过点在多边形内部原理获得边界内部的稀疏像素点,最后以超像素为节点,利用混合高斯模型拟合的表观信息和超像素的时空邻域关系构建马尔可夫随机场模型的能量函数,并通过使目标函数能量最小化得到最终的运动目标检测结果.该算法不需要任何先验假设,能够同时处理动态背景和静态背景两种情况.多组实验结果表明,本文算法在检测的准确性和处理速度上均优于现有算法.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.