汽车前照灯用LED光源的光学设计

LED光源作为汽车照明系统的一门关键技术,LED汽车前照灯的配光设计是一个具有挑战性的研究课题。根据光通量及色度指标的要求选择LED光源,采用抛物面反射器并结合两者的偏移与旋转来分析光分布。每个LED光源拥有独立的光学系统,并负责配光屏上不同区域的照度,近光系统采用8个LED,远光系统采用10个LED。用CATIA三维设计软件画出组合反射器模型图,通过光学软件Tracepro反复调用不同的模型来追迹光线得到最后的配光效果。设计中无需配光镜、挡光板以及复杂的计算程序,设计周期短、配光效果好,给出的配光模拟照度值完全符合最新出台的GB4599-2007标准。     

3片独立自由曲面式LED汽车近光灯光学设计

为了使车辆驾驶员在夜间能够得到充足的照明,并且避免对面会车司机眩目,设计了具有明暗截止线的近光系统。根据GB25991 2010汽车用LED前照灯配光标准,尝试使用大功率白光LED和结构简单、光学利用率高的自由曲面反射镜（FFR)来实现前照近光灯的设计。以非成像光学为理论基础,建立了LED光源出射光角度和照明面上坐标的对应关系,结合折反射定律计算自由曲面上点的坐标。合理划分基础面,并优化调整各子面的面型数据,实现配光要求。采用3颗LED共同实现近光功能,每颗LED均有各自独立的光学系统。测试结果表明:设计的光学系统效率达到54%,且近光截止线清晰,满足标准对各测试点照度的要求。     

基于微分方程数值解的自由曲面透镜的设计

为满足目标面上均匀照明的需求,设计了一款自由曲面透镜。根据LED光源的发光特点,结合光学成像的特性,非成像光学原理和能量守恒定理,推导出实现光能量在目标面上均匀分布的自由曲面面形的微分方程,采用matlab的ode算法求出面形上的离散坐标点,对离散坐标点拟合后得到透镜模型,通过光学模拟仿真软件对透镜模型进行光线追迹。结果表明,配光角度为80°的透镜,透镜的口径与光源发光面宽度之比大于等于9时,目标面上的照度均匀性大于0.9,光能利用率约为85%。该设计方法可以快速精确地设计出所需的透镜,而且透镜结构紧凑,单颗就能实现均匀照明,有利于LED光源照明系统的小型化。     

采用小功率LED的汽车前照灯光学设计

为克服普通灯泡汽车前照灯耗能高、寿命短和现有LED(发光二级管,Light-Emitting Diodes)前照灯成本高的缺点,提出了一套采用小功率LED的汽车前照灯光学设计方案。采用48颗小功率LED,使得每颗LED照亮配光屏上的一块矩形区域。对单颗LED设计自由曲面透镜,光线经透镜出射形成一个矩形光斑。点亮不同的LED以及调整车灯的照射方向可以满足照明要求。模拟结果符合国家标准要求。采用小功率LED比普通灯泡寿命长,比大功率LED前照灯成本低,可靠性强,并且还能部分实现自适应前照灯的功能。     

与LED发光面平行平面上多向准直光束的研究

提出发光二极管(LED)多向准直透镜的设计方法,利用多个自由曲面的全反射实现多向准直。基于LED的朗伯型配光展开研究,采用光学透镜配光,运用Matlab软件进行数值计算,得到自由曲面上的多个点坐标值,结合3D软件及TracePro设计出多向准直透镜。所得多向准直光束在同一个平面,该平面与LED发光面平行,各准直光束发散角均仅约3°。     

加工缺陷对非连续自由曲面光学性能的影响

本刊讯 由于大功率LED的朗伯配光特性,往往难以直接满足不同照明要求,需要通过二次光学系统改善其光学性能。自由曲面透镜具有光能量控制准确、出光效率高等优点,已成为LED二次光学设计的主要发展趋势之一。武汉光电国家实验室MOEMS研究部根据改进的算法,设计了一款能实现均匀矩形光斑的LED非连续自由曲面透镜,并制作了PMMA材料与BK7玻璃材料两种样品。实验发现透镜在加工过程中主要存在两种缺陷：微米级表面粗糙度与非连续区域间圆滑构形误差。研究小组结合Monte Carlo光线追迹模拟仿真与实验测试,     

LED照明的透射-全反射型复合曲面二次光学透镜的设计

 二次光学元件是LED照明灯具的关键组成部分,其决定了灯具的光学效率和配光特征。依据斯涅尔定律、边缘光线原理、光束扩展度守恒等原理,根据照明灯具在X、Y方向的非对称配光的要求,提出一种复合曲面的数值设计方法,建立起LED 光源出射光线的角度与照明平面上的照明点的坐标的对应关系。根据对应关系迭代计算出复合曲面上其他点的空间坐标,把点坐标值导入CAD软件进行曲线重构,结合中间的凸透镜,就可以建立全反射复合曲面透镜的三维实体模型。在光学软件中对三维实体模型进行照明模拟,结果表明：通过复合曲面二次光学透镜作用于LED,可以在路面上形成均匀照明的矩形光斑。     

实现近场均匀照明的双自由曲面大角度透镜设计

针对LED单自由曲面透镜近场大角度照明均匀性不足和出光效率低等问题,基于边缘光线理论和网格划分法,设计了内曲面为椭圆型,外曲面为自由曲面的LED双自由曲面大角度透镜.透镜内曲面对LED入射光线进行发散,外曲面对出射光线方向进行控制,实现大角度均匀照明,并减少全反射损失,提高出光效率.采用扩展光源文件对透镜模型进行光学仿真,并利用反馈优化法对外曲面进行优化,提高近场的照度均匀性.研究表明:在相同近场距离条件下,出光角度为143°、151.8°时,单自由曲面透镜照度均匀性为0.55和0.40,出光效率为92.0%和80%,而所设计的双自由曲面透镜照度均匀性为0.84和0.85,出光效率为98.8%和95.0%,照明效果明显改善.     

基于有延展反射面的挡光板的多曲面前照灯的光学设计

挡光板是近代投射式汽车前照灯用于调节近光灯配光性能的重要部件。采用聚焦法调整挡光板拐点的位置可以有效地抑制投射式前照灯近光照射时光型截止线上的色差和梯度问题,具有提高驾驶员视觉舒适度和行车安全指标的功能。采用一种基于有延展反射面的挡光板的多曲面LED前照灯的光学设计,使用NX10.0建立结构模型,LucidShape软件进行仿真,配光屏幕最大照度值为51.9 lx。研究基于有延展反射面的挡光板的光学设计与常规挡光板的光学设计的配光差异,以及两者在吉利汽车2017年提出的近光路照标准下两者数据对比情况。结果表明:具有延展反射面的挡光板可以有效提高配光Ⅲ区各点的基础数值,进一步提高行车时道路前方40 m～50 m处的视觉亮度,利于辨清道路前方及行人情况。     

LED汽车近光灯光学系统的设计与实现

针对现有LED汽车近光灯使用朗伯型LED光源效率不高和结构复杂等问题,设计了一种基于空间光强分布为椭球状LED光源和后置吸光板的汽车近光灯光学系统。系统主要由LED光源、1/4椭球面反光罩、后置特定形状吸光板和配光透镜组成。运用TracePro软件进行光线追迹模拟,并根据软件模型制作出了光源与灯具实物,实测结果显示在25m远屏幕上光形可以很好地与模拟结果吻合。采用不同形状的后置吸光板可以实现国家标准(GB 25991-2010)规定的两种近光灯光型,并且整灯的发光效率为82%。     

Silicon Photonics Rectangular Universal Interferometer

Universal multiport photonic interferometers that can implement any arbitrary unitary transformation between input and output optical modes are essential to support advanced optical functions. Integrated versions of these components can be implemented by means of either a fixed triangular or a fixed rectangular arrangement of the same components. We propose the implementation of a fixed rectangular universal interferometer using a reconfigurable hexagonal waveguide mesh circuit. A suitable adaptation synthesis algorithm tailored to this mesh configuration is provided and the experimental demonstration of a rectangular multiport interferometer by means of a fabricated silicon photonics chip is reported. The 7‐hexagonal cell chip can implement 2 × 2, 3 × 3 and 4 × 4 arbitrary unitary transformations. The proposed hexagonal waveguide mesh operates in a similar way as a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) in electronics. We believe that this work represents an important step‐forward towards fully programmable and integrable multiport interferometers.     

Focal waveforms with tunable carrier frequency using dispersive aperturing

We introduce the concept of dispersive aperturing involving a beam truncation by hard-edge apertures where diameter of the processed beam changes upon frequency. Applied to focused waves, this procedure transforms power spectra at the focal point (and the surroundings). Waveforms at focus conserve pulse duration but carrier frequency may be altered substantially. In principle, some degrees of freedom allow carrier-frequency tuning at convenience.     

Augmented low index waveguide for confining light in low index media

Guiding light in the low index region of a high refractive index contrast waveguide can be beneficial for many applications including sensing, nonlinear optics and electro‐optics. Existing methods to achieve this goal suffer from fabrication complexity, large loss, or poor optical confinement. We propose a simple structure to achieve a significant enhancement of light confinement in the low index medium. We explain the guiding principle of this structure using geometrical optics, and suggest a number of applications where this guiding structure can provide significant performance benefits. The combination of simplicity, ease of fabrication, and good confinement makes this waveguide an attractive choice for a wide range of applications. To illustrate this, we consider the integration of a nonlinear polymer with a silicon photonic waveguide, and show that significantly better performance with an easier fabrication process can be achieved using this new scheme.

     

Quantum coherent versus classical coherent light

The paper shows that the Wigner distribution function of quantum optical coherent states, or of a superposition of such states, can be produced and measured with a classical optical set-up using classical coherent light fields. This measurement cannot be done directly in quantum optics since the quantum phase space variables correspond to non-commuting operators. As an example, the Wigner distribution function of Schrödinger cat states of light has been measured. It is also shown that the possibility of measuring the Wigner distribution function of quantum coherent states with classical coherent fields is unique in the sense that it cannot be extended to other quantum states, not even to the incoherent limit of the superposition of coherent states.     

Programming matrix optics into Mathematica

The various non-linear transformations incurred by the rays in an optical system can be modelled by matrix products up to any desired order of approximation. Mathematica software has been used to find the appropriate matrix coefficients for the straight path transformation and for the transformations induced by conical surfaces, both direction change and position offset. The same software package was programmed to model optical systems in seventh order. A Petzval lens was used to exemplify the modelling power of the program.     

Quantum noise limits to terabaud communications

From a general model of fiber optics, we investigate the physical limits of soliton-based terabaud communication systems. In particular we consider Raman and initial quantum noise effects which are often neglected in fiber communications. Simulations of the position diffusion in dark and bright solitons show that these effects become increasingly important at short pulse durations, even over kilometer-scale distances. We also obtain an approximate analytic theory in agreement with numerical simulations, which shows that the Raman effects exceed the Gordon-Haus jitter for sub-picosecond pulses.     

Cloak an illusion

An illusion counter-part displays the same scattering far-field pattern as that of a real object. In this paper, for the first time, we demonstrate that such an unreal illusion can be cloaked by an external cloak. This phenomenon shall be called ??cloak an illusion??. Numerical simulations were performed to demonstrate such a phenomenon.     

非线性对称平板光波导TE模色散特性的近似计算

本文利用微扰法,导出了克尔型非线性对称平板光波导TE模传播常数的近似计算公式。结果表明,本文公式得到的结果与精确结果吻合得很好。     

非线性光学与光学教学

在简要介绍非线性光学的基础上说明非线性光学不仅是强光光学。在低功率激光、非相干光下,仍存在丰富多彩的非线性光学现象。因此在有关的光学课程中应改进其非线性光学部分的教学。     

Retina imaging system with adaptive optics for the eye with or without myopia

An adaptive optics system for the retina imaging is introduced in the paper. It can be applied to the eye with myopia from 0 to 6 diopters without any adjustment of the system. A high-resolution liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) device is used as the wave-front corrector. The aberration is detected by a Shack-Harmann wave-front sensor (HASO) that has a Root Mean Square (RMS) measurement accuracy of λ/100 (λ = 0.633 μm). And an equivalent scale model eye is constructed with a short focal length lens (∼18 mm) and a diffuse reflection object (paper screen) as the retina. By changing the distance between the paper screen and the lens, we simulate the eye with larger diopters than 5 and the depth of field. The RMS value both before and after correction is obtained by the wave-front sensor. After correction, the system reaches the diffraction-limited resolution approximately 230 cycles/mm at the object space. It is proved that if the myopia is smaller than 6 diopters and the depth of field is between −40 and +50 mm, the system can correct the aberration very well.