一种基于自由曲面的LED准直透镜设计

提出一种能实现准直光束照明的自由曲面透镜设计算法,并基于此算法设计一种以单颗LED为光源的准直透镜。通过建立透镜后表面轮廓曲线上的点所满足的方程,利用迭代方法并结合Matlab编程求出自由曲面轮廓曲线的离散数据点,将数据点导入SolidWorks中进行曲线拟合并建模,进而得到透镜的实体模型。在TracePro中对该透镜进行非序列光线追迹,模拟结果表明:该光学系统能够实现均匀照明,并对最终光线可实现准直出射。     

基于双自由曲面的LED均匀照明准直透镜设计

基于几何光学、能量守恒定律及菲涅耳定律等相关理论,提出了一种双自由曲面半导体发光二极管(LED)准直透镜的光学设计方法,并给出了构建准直透镜模型详细的算法设计。自由曲面是一种关于中心轴旋转对称的曲面,该曲面的二维轮廓在非均匀有理B样条曲线的方法理论基础上,采用ProE软件搭建而成。通过蒙特卡罗光线追迹模拟发现,相比传统的单自由曲面准直透镜,双自由曲面准直透镜不仅提高了照度均匀性,而且在能量利用率上也有显著的提高。研究结果表明,采用双自由曲面将大大提升准直透镜的设计空间,改善LED透镜的光学性能。     

与LED发光面平行平面上多向准直光束的研究

提出发光二极管(LED)多向准直透镜的设计方法,利用多个自由曲面的全反射实现多向准直。基于LED的朗伯型配光展开研究,采用光学透镜配光,运用Matlab软件进行数值计算,得到自由曲面上的多个点坐标值,结合3D软件及TracePro设计出多向准直透镜。所得多向准直光束在同一个平面,该平面与LED发光面平行,各准直光束发散角均仅约3°。     

基于新型LED准直系统的自由曲面均匀照明设计

根据非成像光学理论,提出了一种基于准直系统的自由曲面设计方法。以几何光学为理论基础,设计了一种关于中心轴旋转对称的新型发光二极管(LED)准直系统。准直系统的集光角约为236°,出射光半发光角度小于1°。基于几何光学和能量守恒定律,在准直系统的出射平面上设计了自由曲面,并给出了"多对一"的能量拓扑关系和均匀矩形光斑的照明设计方法。借助Matlab软件,对自由曲面的面型数据进行求解,并在曲线曲面的非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)曲面的理论基础上,采用SolidWorks软件搭建模型,并通过光学设计软件LightTools进行模拟分析。仿真结果表明:新型准直系统能够实现大角度光线的准直,基于准直系统的自由曲面设计方法实现了均匀的矩形光斑。     

基于表面微结构的超薄背光模组透镜设计

根据全反射原理设计了一款基于表面微结构的超薄透镜，由自由曲面将光源出射的光线进行准直，随后利用微米级表面微结构将准直光线反射到底部，再配合底部的反射膜将光线进行二次反射，从而能够在较小的混光距离（OD）下有效增大光斑尺寸。利用边缘光线原理，改善了扩展光源下光线经自由曲面后准直性劣化问题。仿真结果表明，该透镜应用于超薄背光模组时，能够在OD为3 mm、距离-高度比（DHR）为15 mm的3×3阵列下获得82%的均匀性，相比传统双自由曲面透镜均匀性提升40.7%。该透镜设计方法简单，避免了双自由曲面透镜尺寸较小时加工误差的影响，无需后期大量复杂的优化工作，具有较大的实际应用价值。     

基于全内反射结构的多自由曲面准直透镜设计

为了有效地收集半导体发光二极管大范围的出射光以实现光能的高效利用,设计一款基于全内反射结构的多个自由曲面准直透镜,该透镜的初始结构是根据Snell定律和能量守恒定律等光学原理的算法设计而成.将该透镜的初始结构导入Creo软件中并进行360°旋转以得到3D实体模型,将其转入TracePro光学软件中进行蒙特卡洛光线追迹的...     

基于自由曲面透镜的三基色LED照明系统研究

基于三基色发光二极管(light emitting diode，LED)与方棒的投影照明系统具有色域宽、体积小的优点，但三基色LED和方棒配合使用时，存在投影亮度不高的问题。首先基于光学扩展量匹配原则选择了LED光源，然后设计了一组自由曲面的准直透镜和收集透镜。仿真结果表明:准直透镜出射光线集中在±7.5°内，方棒出射端±30°内的能量利用率为51.7%。实际加工并测试了设计的自由曲面准直透镜和收集透镜。测试结果表明:采用本文设计的没有镀减反增透膜的透镜组，投影机出射亮度比原使用镀了增透减反膜的透镜的系统高1.6%。预计设计的透镜镀减反增透膜后投影机出射亮度有望提升9.8%。     

光谱仪光源双光束准直的自由曲面透镜

为了使光谱仪在分辨率基本不变的同时增宽工作光谱范围,利用非成像原理设计了自由曲面透镜,将光源发出的宽工作谱段的光束准直为两束波长不同、方向不同的平行光,实现探测器上光谱的折叠分布.首先,根据两束入射光线经自由曲面折射前、后的矢量关系,建立自由曲面上点坐标的一阶偏微分方程组;然后,采用Runge-Kutta法对偏微分方程组进行数值差分求解,得到自由曲面离散采样点,进而构建得到自由曲面透镜,将自有曲面透镜导入ZEMAX软件中对光源的双光束准直进行模拟,在Tracepro软件中进行光线追迹分析其照度分布;最后,将自由曲面透镜应用于近红外光谱仪中,将波段为800~2 400 nm的光源准直为两束波长分别为800~1 600 nm和1600~2 400 nm的方向不同的平行光束,经单个光栅色散后由成像透镜组成像在探测器表面,形成两组相互平行且首尾相连的折叠光谱,光谱仪的分辨率优于10 nm.结果表明,采用该自由曲面透镜可以同时实现光谱仪的高分辨率和宽工作光谱范围,且使光谱仪的结构更加紧凑.     

基于COB LED的均匀光强分布可见光通信系统发射端的光学设计

针对光线在大角度偏转时菲涅耳损耗大、光强均匀性差等问题,提出了基于最优双偏转能量映射和贝塞尔曲线多参数优化的双自由曲面透镜设计算法,并利用该算法设计了基于板上芯片型(COB)发光二极管(LED)的双自由曲面透镜,该透镜可应用于可见光通信系统的光学发射端。以大面积发光面的COB LED作为光源,通过控制自由曲面透镜内外两个表面上的入射光线偏转角的比例关系(即偏转系数),可降低菲涅耳损耗。构建了出光角分别为180°和260°的大角度均匀光强分布的双自由曲面透镜,其光强均匀度分别为0.92和0.90,其光能利用率分别为89.4%和85.9%。将单自由曲面透镜和双自由曲面透镜的光学性能作对比,结果表明,单自由曲面透镜可实现出光角范围为120°~180°、光强均匀度超过0.85以及光能利用率超过85%的光分布,双自由曲面透镜在达到同样的光强均匀度和光能利用率时,可实现出光角范围为100°~260°之间的均匀光强分布。因此,利用双自由曲面透镜能够实现更大范围出光角的均匀光强分布,从而满足可见光通信系统的光学发射端的光分布要求。     

双自由曲面LED均匀照明准直透镜设计

为了克服传统LED准直器在近场难以实现均匀照明的缺陷,设计了一种双自由曲面均匀照明准直透镜.透镜分为折反两部分,每部分都利用双自由曲面进行匀光和准直.根据马吕斯定律,推导了实现光束准直出射的等光程方程,并将切面迭代法加入等光程条件,同步计算准直透镜上下自由曲面的面形数据.仿真分析表明:对1mm×1mm的白光LED芯片,84.55%的能量集中在±2°内,近场照度均匀性达到94.59%,远场照度均匀性为89.01%;当LED芯片尺寸不超过2.0mm×2.0mm时,±4°内的能量利用率大于83.5%,近场照度均匀性在90%以上.该准直透镜能同时实现近场和远场的均匀照明,公差符合装配要求,光能利用率高.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.