LED芯片与YAG荧光粉的相互热作用

大功率白光LED作为新一代照明光源的优势越来越明显,但其光衰机制综合了YAG荧光粉、LED芯片以及封装散热多重因素,衰减机理复杂。为研究LED芯片与荧光胶的相互热影响,基于蓝光LED器件基板温度可控实现蓝光LED器件温度稳定,并通过外部加热(以此作为LED热量作用于荧光胶)的方式控制荧光胶、荧光粉、硅胶的温度。重点研究了温度从27℃升高到220℃对三者光衰、主波长特性的影响。对荧光胶与LED芯片的近距离相互热影响进行了测试,结果表明荧光粉涂覆量会引起光功率的降低,而且随着光功率的降低,LED芯片结温呈现指数升高。实验证明荧光胶层与LED芯片是一个相互影响的复合热源模型。     

结温与热阻制约大功率LED发展

LED结温高低直接影响到LED出光效率、器件寿命、可靠性、发射波长等。保持LED结温往允许的范围内,是大功率LED芯片制备、器件封装和器件应用等每个环节都必须重点研究的关键因素,尤其是LED器件封装和器件应用设计必须着重解决的核心问题。首先介绍pn结结温对LED器什性能的影响,接着分析大功率LED结温与器件热阻的关系．基于对器件热阻的分析,得出了结温与热阻已经制约大功率LED进一步向更大功率发展的结论,并提出了如下两个观点：1．要在保持低成本和自然散热方式下提高LED器件的功率,根本的出路是提高光转换效率;2．在日前没有提高光转换效率的情况下,发展超过5W的大功率器件对工程应肘没有实质意义。     

双层基板LED车灯模块及其散热性能研究

现有LED车灯模块的荧光粉自发热现象严重,且散热条件恶劣,致使荧光粉硅胶温度过高,降低了LED模块的热可靠性。本文提出了一种双层基板LED车灯模块,旨在增加荧光粉硅胶的导热途径,从而降低荧光粉硅胶的温度。针对该结构进行了传热数值模拟,结果发现;与现存的LED车灯模块相比,双层基板LED车灯模块荧光粉硅胶的最高温度降低52.7℃。该模块强化了荧光粉硅胶的散热能力,可有效解决荧光粉自发热问题,并降低芯片结温。     

大功率LED热阻自动测量方法研究

在没有散热措施的情况下,大功率LED芯片的温度迅速升高,当结温超过最大允许温度时,大功率LED会因过热而损坏。大功率LED灯具设计中,最主要的设计工作就是散热设计。利用LED半导体器件的结电压与结温具有良好的线性关系的特性,通过测量大功率LED工作时的正向压降,工作电流,恒温箱温度和热衬温度,采用的电学参数法,实现了大功率LED热阻的自动测量。设计并制作了大功率LED热阻自动测量仪,快速、准确的测量了LED晶片到热衬的热阻。六种不同规格LED晶片到热衬的热阻测量值与计算值之间的误差小于10%。热阻测量值普遍高于理论计算值,说明LED制造工艺水平还有很大的提升空间。     

结温对DCJTB混合YAG∶Ce3+白光LED光谱特性的影响

研究了结温变化对DCJTB混合YAG∶Ce3+荧光粉的白光LED光谱特性的影响。采用分层点粉的方法,在LED芯片上分层涂覆YAG荧光粉和有机材料DCJTB,可以使器件的显色指数高达90。利用实验室自行研发的一体化LED散热支架可方便准确测量出结温。实验表明：结温升高使蓝光芯片辐射幅值不断下降,YAG荧光粉被激发所辐射的黄光辐射幅值先增大后减小,红光光谱发生蓝移,器件的显色指数呈线性下降,色温先增大后减小。     

大功率白光LED路灯发光板设计与驱动技术

为最大可能提高大功率LED路灯发光板的电光转化率与散热效率,在不影响外量子效率前提下对LED芯片设计采用扩大LED芯片面积,以及电极优化技术增加LED芯片的出光量,使芯片表面热流均匀分布,芯片工作更稳定。分析了大功率白光LED的封装过程对提高芯片取光率、保障白光质量、器件散热技术的综合应用。综合上述技术及有限元分析软件对大功率LED器件封装的热阻分析结果,确定了COB(chip on board)LED芯片的阵列组装技术,为制造LED路灯发光板的最佳技术方案。LED芯片结温很容易控制在120 ℃以下,与外部散热技术兼容性好。通过光线最佳归一化数学模型计算了LED芯片阵列芯片间最佳距离。最后通过对各种白光LED驱动方案的比较,确定了白光LED最佳驱动方案为恒电流驱动脉宽调制(PWM)调节亮度。     

去除铝基板的大功率LED热分析

提出一种大功率LED免铝基板封装方式,采用ANSYS有限元热分析软件对传统的铝基板封装和免铝基板封装的LED进行模拟对比分析。模拟结果表明:两种封装结构的LED,其最高温度均出现在LED芯片处;对于单颗功率1 W、3颗功率1 W和单颗功率3 W的器件,由于有效地简化了散热通道、大幅度降低了总热阻,采用免铝基板结构的最高温度分别降低了6.436,9.468,19.309 ℃。传统的铝基板封装即使选用热导率高达200 W/(m·K)的基板,其散热效果依旧略逊于免铝基板封装结构,且随着LED功率的增大,免铝基板的新型封装结构散热优势更加明显。本文的研究为解决大功率LED的散热问题和光色稳定性问题提供了一种新途径。     

大功率GaN基发光二极管等效串联电阻的功率耗散及其对发光效率的影响

由于自加热效应的存在，大功率GaN基发光二极管(LED)的芯片温度有可能高出环境温度很多，实验中，芯片温度超出环境高达147 K.从实验测量的大功率LED电流电压特性曲线中，将p-n结和等效串联电阻上的电压降落分离出来，得到了大功率LED等效串联电阻随芯片温度的变化情况.在输入电功率自加热效应的影响下，大功率GaN基LED等效串联电阻呈现出剧烈的变化，其阻值由低输入功率时的1.2 Ω降低到0.9 Ω,然后再升高到1.9 Ω，等效串联电阻的功率耗散在输入功率中所占的比例也随着输入功率的增加迅速增加，最高时接     

多芯片LED器件热学特性分析

由于芯片之间存在的热耦合效应,多芯片LED器件内部存在复杂热学规律。本文通过多芯片LED热学模型描述多芯片LED器件系统内部热阻支路路径,进而通过有限体积数值计算多芯片LED器件结温。通过本文试验验证,单颗芯片、2颗芯片、3颗芯片以及4颗芯片在负载不同电功率（0.3~1.2 W）情况下,结温的测试值和计算值的最小误差值为0.8%,最大误差值为6.8%,平均误差值为3.4%,计算结果与测试结果基本保持一致,因此有利论证了多芯片LED热学模型可为评价多芯片LED器件热学性能提供重要的参考作用,有助于更全面分析多芯片LED热阻内部芯片之间的热耦合效应。该实验结果为准确预测多芯片LED器件内部结温提供了重要理论依据。     

Si衬底GaN基LED的结温特性

结温是发光二极管的重要参数之一,它对器件的内量子效率、输出功率、可靠性及LED的其他一些性能有很大的影响。首次报道Si衬底GaN基LED的结温特性。利用正向压降法测量Si衬底上GaN基LED的结温,通过与蓝宝石衬底上GaNLED的结温比较,发现Si衬底GaNLED有更低的结温,原因归结为Si有更好的导热性。同时也表明:用Si作GaNLED的衬底在大功率LED方面具有更大的应用潜力。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.