光纤陀螺用超辐射发光二极管启动模型研究

为了实现光纤陀螺的快启动, 从超辐射发光二极管(SLD)发光机理出发, 通过分析光源的驱动电流和管芯温度在上电后的变化规律, 建立了SLD的启动模型, 找出了影响SLD启动时间的因素。用高速数据采集卡测得SLD的常温启动时间约为3~4s, 由温控系统系统引起的功率波动误差为4.5%, 波长的漂移量为0.92nm。实验测试结果与建立的理论模型相符, 从理论上提出了缩短SLD启动时间和实现陀螺快启动的方法。     

光源功率衰减对闭环光纤电流互感器变比影响研究

通过分析光源功率、中心波长、传感光纤Verdet常量,以及闭环光纤电流互感器变比之间的关系,结合测试数据,证明了中心波长漂移是光源功率衰减引起闭环互感器变比变化的主要原因.提出了一种通过提取光路干涉结果中直流信息,修正闭环互感器数字输出的方法,实现光源功率衰减引起的互感器变比误差补偿.实验结果表明,在出光功率衰减程度相同的情况下,闭环互感器变比变化量从补偿前的1.53%降低到了补偿后的0.45%.     

光纤陀螺用光源全温度工作交越失真研究

为提高光纤陀螺准确度、实现工程化应用,分析了SLD光源内部的热结构,建立了全数字光源控制系统.测试结果表明：在变温环境下（－15℃～55℃）,抑制了光源的“交越失真”现象,实现了光源平均波长波动0.014％,光功率波动0.4％的控制准确度.采用抑制交越失真控制的光源的FOG在全温度范围内的零偏稳定性从2.14°/h提高到0.21°/h.     

1300 nm超辐射发光二极管寿命测试

作为光纤陀螺用光源的超辐射发光二极管(SLD)随着工作时间的延续,其性能会发生退化.采用加速老化的实验方法来估算InGaAsP SLD管芯的工作寿命.分别在环境温度373 K和358 K下对5只SLD管芯进行加速老化,并通过对P-t曲线拟合来推算和估计管芯的老化速率和激活能.计算出了器件的激活能平均值约为0.82 eV,SLD管芯在室温下的工作寿命超过106h,可以满足光纤陀螺用光源的寿命要求.对影响SLD管芯可靠性的因素以及管芯的退化机理进行了分析,为研制高可靠性的超辐射发光二极管提供了理论基础.     

光纤陀螺用掺铒超荧光光纤光源输出特性研究

介绍了掺铒超荧光光纤光源(SFS)的基本原理和SFS各种基本结构的特点。结合实际应用选择了单程后向(SPB) SFS作为光纤陀螺用光源。理论分析了影响单程后向掺铒超荧光光纤光源输出特性的各种因素。通过实验分析了铒纤长度对单程后向掺铒光纤光源泵浦效率和输出光谱的影响,特别是对中心波长稳定性的影响,对于单程后向结构掺铒光纤光源来说,铒纤长度有一个最佳值。演示了铒纤在选择最佳长度的情况下,泵浦功率对输出谱型的影响。通过实验分析了-40℃～60℃之间光源输出光谱和输出光功率的温度稳定性。最终得到了适用于惯导级光纤陀螺的光源。     

光纤陀螺热致漂移分析及算法补偿技术研究

通过对光纤陀螺温度漂移的剖析推导,分析了温度扰动引起陀螺漂移误差的深层次原因,并结合过程相关性理论,对各个温度项影响因子与光纤陀螺实际输出相关性进行验证分析,提出一种同时考虑温度、温变速率、温度梯度以及三者乘积耦合项的算法补偿模型。对该模型的补偿效果进行离线补偿验证,结果表明,采用该算法补偿模型能明显抑制光纤陀螺的变温零漂。为了进一步验证该模型的有效性,把离线获得的补偿参数载入陀螺存储器,经过多样本实验测试,补偿后可有效提高光纤陀螺的全变温零偏稳定性,验证了该补偿算法在工程上的可实施性和推广价值。     

空间扫描型光纤法布里珀罗传感解调中LED光源的影响研究

结合恢复单色频率绝对相位解调算法研究了光源输出参数对空间扫描型光纤法布里珀罗传感解调影响。建立了相位解调值随光源中心波长变化的数学模型,通过改变光源光功率和光谱进行了解调实验研究。结果表明压力解调值的误差值与光源输出光功率有关;当温度升高时光源光谱会产生红移,使压力解调值产生误差;解调值与光源光谱中心波长满足二次函数关系。实验结果与理论分析一致,在140kPa范围内保证0.1%的解调误差时,光源光谱中心波长波动小于1.79nm。     

热敏电阻位置与超辐射发光二极管光源温控参数的关系研究

针对某陀螺生产厂家新引入的超辐射发光二极管光源在原光源驱动设备上的功率变化异常的问题,对光源温控环节的传递函数和相应控制参数进行了理论和试验分析。相比陀螺常用SLD光源,新引入SLD光源内部热敏电阻与SLD管芯间距大得多,且不在同一热沉上,这使得该厂光源温控部分的传递函数出现明显时间滞后,表现为其对微分环节依赖性增强。通过对原光源驱动设备上微分环节的优化设计,可使热敏电阻位置相差较大的不同厂家的光源同时获得良好温控效果。上述结果对于理解SLD光源温控PID(比例-积分-微分)参数差异性、提高SLD光源温度控制适应性提供了客观依据。     

光纤陀螺SFS光源温度稳定性及驱动控制研究

随着光纤陀螺研究的不断进展,对陀螺光源的稳定性的要求也越来越高。SFS(超荧光光纤光源)正是应用于高精度陀螺要求的宽带光源,它的平均波长和功率的温度稳定性直接影响着光纤陀螺的性能。从SFS的特性分析对其驱动系统进行了设计,提出并实现了温度稳定性的控制方案。     

应用于光纤陀螺的收发一体模块研究

基于干涉型光纤陀螺的小型化和工程化设计要求,研究了一种新颖的收发一体模块,从对SLD光源进行建模入手,设计了小型化的光学系统。并用Zemax软件进行了仿真。这种收发模块采用全保偏技术,体积小,可靠性高,可以有效地抑制光源与耦合器的串音干扰。与应用较为广泛的混偏技术相比,可以避免温度变化、振动等原因对光纤陀螺系统精度的影响,从而提高光纤陀螺的整体性能。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.