利用线阵CCD测量液体折射率实验研究

提出一种利用线阵CCD测量液体折射率的方案,平行光束经过透镜汇聚,在汇聚点处设置线阵CCD检测光束直径大小,在透镜后加入液体,光束发生折射,利用线阵CCD测量出光束直径变化量,即可测量得液体的折射率。实验测量得蒸馏水、乙醇液体的折射率与标准值吻合,相对误差小于0.4%。对不同折射率的液体,只需测量出光束直径变化量即可测量出折射率。本方案结构简单、测量操作简化、测量准确,在物理实验教学和折射率测量仪研制中具有应用价值。     

基于数字全息图的光纤折射率测量研究

利用数字全息显微层析技术构建了光纤折射率测量的测试系统, 包括光路系统与软件系统. 以物光波的相位分布曲线为依据由CCD记录最优的数字全息图; 在优化频谱图的基础之上对全息图做频域滤波, 准确选取物光波所对应的频谱范围; 使用基于角谱理论的再现算法提取出物光波的相位分布信息, 并通过模拟全息图验证相位提取的准确性; 由单幅全息图提取的相位分布信息, 结合光纤的多层模型, 还原出光纤断层面沿直径方向的折射率分布. 以单模、多模光纤为实验样品进行了测量, 测量结果与S14折射率测量仪的测量结果吻合, 精度可达10^-4. 实验对比结果表明本文方法可简单、快速、准确地测量光纤内部的折射率. 本文还对特种光纤的折射率进行了测量研究.     

准相干干涉法测量光纤群折射率

介绍了用准相干干涉法测量光纤群折射率的方法。通过准相干干涉定位 ,用精密光栅数显系统测长 ,由计算机采集并处理数据获得一段短光纤的光学长度 ,然后利用常规精密测长手段测得其几何长度 ,从而得到光纤的群折射率。实验结果及误差分析得出 :测量不确定度优于 7× 10 -5(2σ)。     

基于光电技术的玻璃折射率测量

折射率是玻璃的重要光学性能之一,其测量方法很多。为了准确、快速、适应性好地测量玻璃折射率,提出一种基于光电技术的新测量方法。利用平行平板玻璃对入射光线的侧向偏移特性,可以得到不同折射率的玻璃对光线的不同偏折程度来确定折射率和偏移量之间的关系式,并通过采用位置敏感探测器将光斑像点的位移转化为电信号的输出,从而实现折射率转化为电信号。设计了光学系统和信号处理单元,通过实验测得了K9玻璃的折射率,并与最小偏向角法测量折射率进行对比,测量数据表明该方法可行,测量精度可达到10-4,可以满足测量高精度玻璃折射率的要求。     

彩虹法和成像法测量玻璃微珠折射率对比研究

基于几何光学原理,彩虹法使用激光作为光源,利用激光在玻璃微珠中进行一次或者多次内反射后出射形成最小偏向角,在最小偏向角附近形成彩虹条纹,通过测量彩虹条纹来反演计算玻璃微珠的折射率。然而,成像法则根据厚透镜的成像原理,对玻璃微珠所成的像经过显微物镜放大后使用CCD相机进行接收,获得玻璃微珠的焦距,进而测得对应玻璃微珠的折射率。较传统方法来说,彩虹法和成像法具有安全、简便和快捷的优点。对型号不同的玻璃微珠,分别使用彩虹法和成像法测量其折射率,并对它们的测量结果进行了对比分析,都获得相对于名义值的误差小于1%的结果。     

基于多模光纤偏芯熔接实现温度和折射率同时测量的光纤传感器

利用偏芯熔接的方法,研制出一种可实现温度和折射率同时测量的光纤传感器。该传感器将一段多模光纤MMF2的左端与一芯径与长度均相同的多模光纤MMF1偏芯熔接,右端与一大芯径多模光纤MMF3对芯熔接构成传感头,利用多模光纤纤芯模和包层模对温度、折射率的敏感性差异,结合敏感矩阵实现了双参量同时测量。实验选取了位于1536.98nm和1545.24nm处的干涉谷进行了温度和折射率的测量,测得1536.98nm处的干涉谷对温度的灵敏度为0.105nm/℃,对折射率不敏感;1545.24nm处的干涉谷对温度的灵敏度为0.052nm/℃,对折射率的敏感性为32.2nm/RIU(RIU表示单位折射率)。该传感器也可应用于其他参量的测量,具有良好的应用前景。     

基于光纤微腔的温度及折射率同时测量型传感器

基于多光束干涉原理,设计了一种基于光纤微腔的温度及折射率同时测量的反射型光纤传感器.该传感器将渐变折射率多模光纤的一端用氢氟酸腐蚀形成一个空气腔,带空气腔的渐变折射率多模光纤一端和单模光纤熔接,另一端切平构成传感头.实验选取渐变折射率多模光纤的长度为538.1μm,空气腔长度为40.8μm.结果表明:光纤微腔结构所形成的多光束干涉光谱条纹对比度与光纤微腔外的溶液折射率相关,干涉波峰移动与环境温度相关,通过监测条纹对比度和干涉波峰的移动,可以实现对折射率和温度的同时测量.当折射率在1.341 5~1.432 0RIU变化时,反射强度对折射率的灵敏度为57.24dB/RIU;当温度在30℃~70℃之间变化时,谐振波长对温度的灵敏度为12.3pm/℃,可检测到的最小温度变化为1.2℃,测得最小折射率变化为3.4×10-4.该传感器也可应用于其他参量的测量,具有良好的应用前景.     

用反射法自动测量大尺寸样品的折射率分布

针对大尺寸样品的折射率分布测量,引入自动扫描装置和适时数据处理系统,研究出一种高灵敏度的智能化反射法折射率分布测量仪,可进行快速、自动、准确的折射率分布测量.经理论分析和实验研究提出了一套合理的实验数据处理方法.并具体介绍和详尽分析了实验装置,讨论了有关理论和实验误差,给出了消除各种误差的有效方法,最终得出较为理想的实验结果.     

测量光纤折射率分布还原算法的研究

用透射式微分干涉法测量光纤内部折射率分布,其原理是利用旋转检偏器对测量光束进行调制,从相位分布和光程分布中计算出折射率分布。其中,从光程分布中解算出折射率分布的算法是关键。讨论了该算法的数学模型,推导了测量公式,并对算法的稳定性和误差进行了分析。利用自行研制的系统对渐变折射率分布光纤进行实测,与在NR 9200光纤测量仪上的结果进行了比较,对主要误差源进行了分析和计算机模拟。实测和模拟计算结果表明,该算法原理正确,系统稳定,测量精度优于10-3,完全可以用来测量光纤折射率分布。     

掺镱锂硅酸盐玻璃的光谱及离子交换特性分析

采用高温二次化料的方法制备一种多梯度折射率芯光纤所用掺镱锂硅酸盐玻璃,测量了玻璃样品的吸收光谱、荧光光谱和荧光寿命,利用McCumber理论计算了该玻璃系统中镱离子的2F5/2→2I7/2能级跃迁受激发射截面。研究表明锂硅酸盐玻璃中Yb3+在1006nm处的σemi为0.38×10-20 cm2,荧光有效线宽为82.4nm,荧光寿命为1.31ms。在530℃高温硝酸钠熔盐中,对玻璃Li+-Na+离子交换到达中心轴前后制作的梯度折射率透镜的成像和折射率分布特性进行了研究。光谱分析和离子交换实验结果表明,该玻璃是制作梯度折射率光纤的理想材料,可用于多梯度折射率芯光纤的制作,是大模场光纤的候选材料。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.