基于Curvelet变换的软硬阈值折衷图像去噪

与小波变换相比,Curvelet变换更好地表达图像的边缘和细节,因此更适合多尺度图像去噪。针对软阈值和硬阈值去噪方法存在的不足,提出了基于Curvelet变换域的软硬阈值折衷去噪法,并采用不同的阈值自适应地对不同的Curvelet子带进行阈值化。实验结果表明该方法对图像中的边缘、弱的直线和曲线特征有更好的恢复。去噪后图像PSNR值更高,视觉效果更好。     

一种改进的小波阈值去噪方法

提出了一种新的阈值函数,它高阶可导,便于各种数学运算。与硬阈值函数相比,它在阈值点处是连续的;相比于软阈值函数,减小了估计小波系数存在时的恒定偏差,更好地保留了图像边缘等局部特征。选用平移不变小波变换,结合新提出的阈值函数,给出了一种新的去噪方法。仿真实验结果证明了此方法的优越性。     

小波阈值去噪的一种改进方法

白噪声的方差和幅值随着小波变换尺度的增加会逐渐减小,而信号的方差和幅值与小波变换的尺度变化无关。本文在Donoho的软、硬阈值去噪方法基础上,提出了一种新的阈值函数,并把它们应用在图像的去噪上。该阈值函数具有物理意义清晰、表达式简单、计算方便等优点。实际噪声图像测试结果表明,这种经改进的方法可以有效地去除白噪声干扰,无论是在视觉效果上还是在信噪比和均方误差定量指标上均明显优于常用的软、硬阈值去噪算法以及改进的软硬阈值折中算法。     

基于小波域可导阈值函数与自适应阈值的脉冲星信号消噪

脉冲星辐射信号具有极低的信噪比, 传统降噪方法难以在抑制噪声的同时保留其细节信息. 为此, 提出了一种小波域脉冲星信号消噪方法. 在小波域, 利用一种可导的阈值函数和一种自适应阈值选取方法, 对含噪脉冲星信号进行小波域阈值去噪处理, 并利用信噪比(SNR)、 均方根误差(RMSE)、 峰值相对误差(REPV) 以及峰位误差(EPP) 四项指标来对去噪效果进行评价. 实验结果表明, 与软阈值与硬阈值法相比, 该方法能在有效去除含噪脉冲星信号中的噪声、 显著提高其信噪比的同时, 更有效地保留原始信号中的有用信息, 同时可以获得更小的均方根误差、 脉冲峰值相对误差与峰位误差.     

基于分形编码的天体光谱降噪方法

为了降低噪声影响,恢复光谱的连续谱和谱线等主要特征,以便准确测量谱线的等值宽度,文章根据天体光谱自身具有局部自相似性,而随机白噪声不具有自相似性,首次将分形方法应用于天体光谱降噪.实验表明,分形降噪方法对于准确测量谱线的等值宽度、星系红移等参数是有效的,此外,还可以实现数据压缩.分形方法适用于海量光谱的降噪和数据存储.     

A novel denoising method based on Radon transform and filtered back-projection reconstruction algorithm

A novel denoising method based on Radon transform and filtered back-projection (FBP) image reconstruction algorithm was proposed. This method can be considered as a special mean filter on projection line, which is different from most of the traditional filters operated on adjacent templates that could bring serious blurs to images. The details of images processed by the proposed method can be preserved relatively complete and the denoising effect is satisfactory. To verify the denoising effect of the proposed method, the simulation was designed and carried out, and the image evaluation parameters were applied to analyze the denoising effect and the detail-preserving ability quantitatively. For further understanding of the proposed method, the basic denoising principle of this method was analyzed. Noise points and information points can be distinguished: the attenuation velocity of gray scale of noise points is faster than that of information points, which was verified by the experiment. The results of different parameters in the proposed method were compared and analyzed. Several kinds of traditional filters were compared with the proposed method, and the result shows that the proposed method is better than the traditional filters in the aspects of both denoising effect and detail-preserving ability. Apart from this, the proposed method is not particular about the kind of noise; therefore, it is a powerful method to deal with atypical noise, uncertain noise, and mixed noises.     

A method based on iterative morphological filtering and multiple scattering for detecting layer boundaries and extinction coefficients with LIDAR

Layer boundaries detection with LIDAR is of great significance for the meteorological and environmental research. Apart from the background noise, multiple scattering can also seriously affect the detection results in LIDAR signal processing. To alleviate these issues, a novel approach was proposed based upon morphological filtering and multiple scattering correction with multiple iterations, which essentially acts as a weighted algorithm with multiple scattering factors in different filtering scales, and applies integral extinction coefficients as media to perform correction. Simulations on artificial signals and real LIDAR signals support this approach.     

基于独立成分分析和经验模态分解的混沌信号降噪

基于经验模态分解和独立成分分析去噪的特点,提出了一种联合独立成分分析和经验模态分解的混沌信号降噪方法. 利用经验模态分解对混沌信号进行分解,根据平移不变经验模态分解的思想构造多维输入向量, 通过所构造的多维输入向量和独立成分分析对混沌信号的各层内蕴模态函数进行自适应去噪处理; 将处理后的所有内蕴模态函数进行累加重构,从而得到降噪后的混沌信号. 仿真实验中分别对叠加不同强度高斯噪声的Lorenz混沌信号及实际观测的月太阳黑子混沌序列进行了研究, 结果表明本文方法能够对混沌信号进行有效的降噪,而且能够较好地校正相空间中点的位置, 逼近真实的混沌吸引子轨迹. 关键词： 独立成分分析 经验模态分解 混沌信号 降噪     

Lidar signal de-noising based on wavelet trimmed thresholding technique

Lidar is an efficient tool for remote monitoring, but the effective range is often limited by signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). By the power spectral estimation, we find that digital filters are not fit for processing lidar signals buried in noise. In this paper, we present a new method of the lidar signal acquisition based on the wavelet trimmed thresholding technique to increase the effective range of lidar measurements. The performance of our method is investigated by detecting the real signals in noise. The experiment results show that our approach is superior to the traditional methods such as Butterworth filter.     

脉冲星信号的经验模态分解模态单元比例萎缩消噪算法

针对脉冲星信号的消噪问题, 提出了一种基于模态单元比例萎缩的经验模态分解(EMD)消噪方法. 利用经验模态分解将含噪脉冲星信号分解为一组内蕴模态函数(IMF), 将IMF中两个过零点间的部分定义为模态单元, 以模态单元为基本单位构造最优比例萎缩因子, 对IMF中的每个模态单元进行比例萎缩去噪, 进而建立基于模态单元比例萎缩的脉冲星信号滤波模型.对含噪脉冲星信号进行了消噪实验分析, 实验结果表明, 与小波硬阈值消噪法、比例萎缩小波消噪法和基于模态单元阈值的EMD消噪法相比, 该方法可以更有效地去除脉冲星信号中的噪声, 同时更好地保留了原信号中的有用细节信息. 关键词： 经验模态分解 脉冲星信号 模态单元比例萎缩 消噪     

Chaotic signal denoising algorithm based on sparse decomposition

Denoising of chaotic signal is a challenge work due to its wide-band and noise-like characteristics. The algorithm should make the denoised signal have a high signal to noise ratio and retain the chaotic characteristics. We propose a denoising method of chaotic signals based on sparse decomposition and K-singular value decomposition(K-SVD) optimization. The observed signal is divided into segments and decomposed sparsely. The over-complete atomic library is constructed according to the differential equation of chaotic signals. The orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm is used to search the optimal matching atom. The atoms and coefficients are further processed to obtain the globally optimal atoms and coefficients by K-SVD. The simulation results show that the denoised signals have a higher signal to noise ratio and better preserve the chaotic characteristics.     

噪声模态单元预判的经验模态分解脉冲星信号消噪

为了改善脉冲星辐射脉冲信号的消噪效果, 提出了一种基于噪声模态单元预判的经验模态分解(EMD) 消噪声方法. 该方法首先利用EMD将含噪辐射脉冲信号分解为一组内蕴模态函数(IMF), 根据IMF系数的统计特性采用局部均方误差准则进行噪声模态单元预判, 并将噪声模态单元置零; 然后对噪声模态单元预判处理后的IMF以模态单元为基本单位进行最优比例萎缩消噪, 从而达到抑制噪声、保留信号的目的. 实验结果表明: 与Sure Shrink小波阈值法、Bayes Shrink小波阈值法和EMD模态单元比例萎缩法相比, 基于噪声模态单元预判的EMD消噪方法可以更有效地去除脉冲辐射信号中的噪声, 同时更好地保留信号突变处的细节信息特征, 在信噪比、 均方误差、峰值相对误差、峰位误差和相位误差等方面都有一定程度的改善. 关键词： 脉冲星信号消噪 经验模态分解 噪声模态单元预判 局部均方误差     

基于多时窗波束形成器方法的心脏磁场信号分析

提出了一种多时窗的波束形成器,可以从多通道心脏磁场测量数据中估计强、弱和持续时间长短不同的等效电流源.这种心脏电活动可视化技术将有助于相关心脏疾病的诊断.通过两个已知电流源的仿真实验说明了这种方法的可行性.并通过一个完全左束支传导阻滞和一个完全右束支传导阻滞病人的心脏QRS段磁场测量数据的源估计结果及其二维电兴奋传播图的比较,分析了用这种成像方法揭示的心脏电生理现象.     

Relevant modes selection method based on Spearman correlation coefficient for laser signal denoising using empirical mode decomposition

Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is a recently proposed nonlinear and nonstationary laser signal denoising method. A noisy signal is broken down using EMD into oscillatory components that are called intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Thresholding-based denoising and correlation-based partial reconstruction of IMFs are the two main research directions for EMD-based denoising. Similar to other decomposition-based denoising approaches, EMD-based denoising methods require a reliable threshold to determine which IMFs are noise components and which IMFs are noise-free components. In this work, we propose a new approach in which each IMF is first denoised using EMD interval thresholding (EMD-IT), and then a robust thresholding process based on Spearman correlation coefficient is used for relevant modes selection. The proposed method tackles the problem using a thresholding-based denoising approach coupled with partial reconstruction of the relevant IMFs. Other traditional denoising methods, including correlation-based EMD partial reconstruction (EMD-Correlation), discrete Fourier transform and wavelet-based methods, are investigated to provide a comparison with the proposed technique. Simulation and test results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method when compared with the other methods.     

一种新的基于小波变换的图像去噪方法

根据图像小波分解的特点和小波分解后高频小波系数的统计特性,构造了一种新阈值函数的去噪算法。与传统的硬阈值、软阈值函数相比,新阈值函数考虑了图像能量分布的特点,对于每一小波系数乘以一个与自身大小相关的降噪因子,并且新阈值函数简单易于计算,具有较强的自适应性。实验结果表明,采用新阈值函数的去噪结果能够有效地抑制图像的马赛克效应,无论在视觉效果上,还是在信噪比增益上均优于传统的软、硬阈值方法。     

基于经验模态分解和小波阈值的冲击信号去噪

冲击信号是非线性的并且容易受到噪声污染。为研究冲击信号去噪的问题,本文针对经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)去噪和小波阈值去噪方法存在的不足,提出了基于EMD的小波阈值去噪方法。单纯的EMD去噪方法会在去除高频噪声的同时压制高频的有效信息。本文将EMD与小波阈值去噪相结合,利用连续均方误差准则确定含噪较多的高频固有模态函数(Intrinsic Mode Function, IMF),对高频IMF分量进行小波阈值去噪,以分离并保留这些分量中的有效信息,同时保持低频IMF分量不变。对模拟数据和实际冲击信号进行去噪处理,结果表明,基于EMD的小波阈值去噪方法的去噪效果优于单纯的EMD去噪方法和小波阈值去噪方法。     

基于非分样ridgelet 标架的图像滤噪恢复新算法的研究

提出了一种基于非分样ridgelet标架的图像噪声滤除(UDRIFDA)的新算法。ridgelet标架的特点是:基函数不可分离变量且具有很强的方向性,能够实现对沿直线奇性的有效描述。离散非分样ridgelet标架是通过离散Radon变换切片上的一维非分样小波变换标架来实现的。由于非分样小波变换具有位移不变性,能够很好地刻画多尺度下一维信号的局部特征,基于一维非分样小波变换的软阈值去噪算法能够有效地降低一维信号急剧变化处所产生的震荡现象,故基于非分样ridgelet标架的图像滤噪算法能够大大降低恢复图像上的伪影,有效的克服了文献[1]中分样ridgelet标架滤噪算法(DRITDA)的缺陷。数值实验表明新算法较DRITDA和2D-DWT算法更能提高恢复图像的信噪比和视觉质量。     

Study on the denoising method for the electromagnetic ultrasonic echoes from multiple interfaces

The electromagnetic ultrasound is used in the detection of interfaces of the adhesive multilayer structures to solve the unstable coupling problem in ultrasonic testing by traditional piezoelectric transducers. Based on the analysis of the transforming mechanism of electromag-netic ultrasound energy and the resultant dead zone from mutual inductance of the transducer, the wavelet filtering by soft-thresholding and adaptive noise canceling methods are used simul-taneously to the detected electromagnetic ultrasonic signals to overcome the drawbacks of the low signal to noise ratio （SNR） and the wide intrinsic dead zone of the transducer. Processed results in the interface detection of a three layered adhesive sample of steel and rubber materials demonstrate that the wavelet filtering enhances the SNR about 12dB while the adaptive noise canceling narrows the dead zone effectively.     

电磁超声多界面检测信号去噪方法研究

为了解决传统压电超声换能器检测方式耦合不稳定的问题,将电磁超声应用于多层粘接结构界面检测。针对电磁超声界面检测信号噪声高和盲区大的问题,在电磁声换能原理和盲区成因分析的基础上,用小波阈值滤波和自适应抵消滤波方法对检测信号进行了处理,达到了降低信号噪声和减小盲区的目的。对钢板和双层橡胶粘接样品的回波信号处理结果表明:小波阈值滤波将信噪比提高了约12 dB,自适应抵消滤波有效地减小了由感生信号产生的盲区。     

Parametric method for selecting an infralow-frequency signal in the Dulkyn gravitational-wave detector

A parametric method for selecting a response signal in the Dulkyn laser gravitational-wave detector is considered that allows the observation time required for detecting low-frequency periodic gravitational radiation from double relativistic astrophysical sources to be reduced to several periods of detectable signal. Dulkyn Scientific, Center of Gravitational-Wave Research. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 11, pp. 62–67, November, 1999.