全腔输出相对论磁控管输出模式转换结构的理论设计和数值模拟

采用全腔输出结构后,相对论磁控管径向尺寸显著减小,轴向长度也有较大幅度的缩短.但是,由于输出结构为三个相对独立的扇形波导,实际应用时,一般需要对微波输出模式进行转换.针对全腔输出相对论磁控管,本文研究了两种输出模式转换结构并利用三维全电磁粒子模拟程序对其进行了研究.首先研究了将三个扇形波导角向增宽从而渐变或者突变为一个同轴波导的情况,研究结果表明,两种情况下输出微波功率均大于采用传统三个独立扇形波导输出时的90%,输出模式主要是TEM模.其次研究了输出区由三个扇形输出波导分别变换为三个截面大小与之接近的矩形输出波导的可行性,研究结果表明,注入扇形波导中的TE₁₁模式几乎全部转换为矩形波导中的TE₁₀模式.实际应用时,可根据需要选择上述输出模式转换结构.     

Optimal alignment sensing of a readout mode cleaner cavity

Critically coupled resonant optical cavities are often used as mode cleaners in optical systems to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a signal that is encoded as an amplitude modulation of a laser beam. Achieving the best SNR requires maintaining the alignment of the mode cleaner relative to the laser beam on which the signal is encoded. An automatic alignment system that is primarily sensitive to the carrier field component of the beam will not, in general, provide optimal SNR. We present an approach that modifies traditional dither alignment sensing by applying a large amplitude modulation on the signal field, thereby producing error signals that are sensitive to the signal sideband field alignment. When used in conjunction with alignment actuators, this approach can improve the detected SNR; we demonstrate a factor of 3 improvement in the SNR of a kilometer-scale detector of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory. This approach can be generalized to other types of alignment sensors.     

基于少模光纤的全光纤熔融模式选择耦合器的设计及实验研究

提出了三种基于少模光纤的全光纤熔融模式选择耦合器. 根据模式匹配原理采用单模光纤与少模光纤熔融连接方式, 运用耦合模理论及光束传播法模拟分析了模式选择耦合器的结构参数对模式选择及耦合特性的影响, 实现了单模光纤中基模到少模光纤中不同阶模式的转换, 以满足不同的应用需求. 实验上以2× 2熔融光纤耦合器为例, 采用对称和非对称熔融拉锥方式, 分别实现了从基模到LP₁₁, LP₂₁模式的转换. 实验结果表明所得到的LP₁₁, LP₂₁模式在1530–1560 nm的波长带宽范围内均有较高的模式纯净度, 且模式耦合效率高于80%, 与理论模拟结果基本一致.     

光纤激光经过模清洁器后的强度噪声分析

对1560 nm单频光纤激光光源通过一个光学模清洁器后的强度噪声进行了分析研究.实验观察到模清洁器虽然对于激光的高频强度噪声有明显的抑制作用,但强度噪声特性随频率呈一定周期变化,且在低频处模清洁器对强度噪声有放大作用.本文认为这是由于模清洁器具有类似于光纤延迟线的时延效应,将激光源的部分相位噪声转化为强度噪声.通过理论分析,由相位噪声转化的相对强度噪声幅度与激光相干时间、模清洁器的平均延时参数以及分析频率相关.分析结果与实验测量结果符合良好.此外,通过在光路中加入声光调制器进行反馈调制,激光的线宽从26 kHz压窄至16 kHz,模清洁器的锁定质量明显提高,经过模清洁器后的激光强度噪声有所减小,与理论相符.该结果进一步证实了由相位噪声转化而来的强度噪声与模清洁器的锁定质量无直接关系.通过该研究,完善了光学模清洁器对激光的噪声抑制模型.     

同轴插板式TEM-TE11模式转换器的设计与实验研究

 介绍了同轴插板式TEM－TE₁₁模式转换器的设计:在同轴波导内沿径向插入四块金属板,将同轴TEM模转变为扇形截面波导TE11模,通过控制插板的长度使不同扇形截面波导输出TE₁₁模的相位不同,最后在圆波导内形成TE₁₁模;通过在插板的前端设置角向均匀分布的金属杆,实现了模式转换器的良好匹配。实验测得模式转换器的辐射方向图轴向最大,与数值计算结果吻合良好,表明实验中模式转换器的输出模式与数值计算结果一致,从而验证了同轴插板式模式转换器的可行性。     

用于磁控管轴向辐射TE11模式的紧凑型输出结构

提出了一种用于轴向输出相对论磁控管中具有TE11辐射模式的紧凑型输出结构。该器件采用6谐振腔结构并工作在模式上, 通过合理设计谐振腔结构与输出圆波导之间过渡结构, 模拟实现了圆TE11模式微波的轴向输出。与传统衍射输出相对论磁控管相比, 本文设计的轴向输出结构, 不仅能在输出波导中获得更加纯净的微波模式, 而且能减小磁控管的径向尺寸, 使得系统更加紧凑化。初步的粒子模拟结果表明：当电压为280 kV、磁场强度为0.5 T时, 该器件的工作频率为4.18 GHz, 输出功率为247.0 MW, 功率转换效率达到21.9%。     

用于磁控管轴向辐射TE_(11)模式的紧凑型输出结构北大核心CSCD

提出了一种用于轴向输出相对论磁控管中具有TE_(11)辐射模式的紧凑型输出结构。该器件采用6谐振腔结构并工作在π模式上,通过合理设计谐振腔结构与输出圆波导之间过渡结构,模拟实现了圆TE_(11)模式微波的轴向输出。与传统衍射输出相对论磁控管相比,本文设计的轴向输出结构,不仅能在输出波导中获得更加纯净的微波模式,而且能减小磁控管的径向尺寸,使得系统更加紧凑化。初步的粒子模拟结果表明:当电压为280kV、磁场强度为0.5T时,该器件的工作频率为4.18GHz,输出功率为247.0 MW,功率转换效率达到21.9%。     

10-W cladding-pumped fiber laser with single transverse mode output

A Yb-doped double-clad fiber laser is demonstrated with a measured power output of 10.6 W and a fundamental spatial mode. The optical-to-optical conversion efficiency is 44% and the slope efficiency is 86% closed to quantum efficiency of optical conversion. In our laser system, a D-shape (340 μm/400 μm) inner cladding Yb-doped fiber is used as the gain material within the Fabry-Perot cavity. Multimode diode pump radiation is injected into the cladding through an end facet of the composite fiber.     

再生锁模激光系统的定态输出及其稳定性

将准孤子解代入再生锁模激光系统的主方程，推导出脉冲参量的三个自治微分方程. 求解了无啁啾和有啁啾两种情况下系统的定态解，并分析了其稳定性. 研究表明，系统的定态输出随系统的调制深度或调制频率、群速色散或自相位调制等参量值的变化而变化. 因此，通过调制系统的参量可以控制激光系统的定态输出. 关键词： 再生锁模激光系统 线性稳定性分析 罗斯-霍维茨判据 定态输出及其稳定性     

Ultrafast pulsed mode effects on the performance of grating-assisted output couplers of finite extent

The performance of grating-assisted output couplers of finite extent excited by finite ultrafast pulsed modes is characterized numerically by the finite-difference time-domain method. The results for pulsed excitations with extremely long pulse envelopes are compared with those that contain only a few optical cycles for gratings that are both long and short compared with the equivalent pulse length. We demonstrate that the shortest length of either the grating or the pulse dictates the far-field performance of the grating-assisted output couplers.     

Experimental study of the output radiation spectrum of a gyrotron with partial reflection of the output signal

We present the results of experimental studies of the effect of reflection of microwave radiation from a dielectric window on the frequency characteristics of the output signal of a technological gyrotron. It is shown that the spectrum width increases several times due to the effect of reflections. Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, GYCOM Ltd., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 440–444, September., 2000.     

半导体泵浦铷蒸气激光实现线偏振基模输出

采用2400 1/mm的平面光栅搭建Littrow外腔压窄半导体激光器输出激光线宽,获得中心波长可调的线宽0.16 nm的半导体激光作为铷蒸气激光的泵浦源.实验中,使用斩波器将泵浦光变为脉宽1 ms,重复频率100 Hz的重复脉冲形式,聚焦进长度为8 mm的铷蒸气泡,泡内充入79 kPa甲烷作为缓冲气体.进入铷蒸气泡的泵浦光峰值功率为1.84 W时,控制铷泡温度在125℃,获得了峰值功率17.5 mW的基模线偏振铷激光输出.     

113-W in-phase mode output from two ytterbium-doped large-core double-cladding fiber lasers

Phase locking for two ytterbium-doped large-core fiber lasers has been demonstrated by using a selfimaging confocal resonator with a spatial filter. Steady high-contrast interference stripes are observed.The visibilities of coherent and incoherent stripes are 59% and 6%, respectively. The measured width of the central strip is in good agreement with the calculated result. For in-phase mode, the output power of the phase-locked fiber laser array is up to 113 W and corresponding slope efficiency is 38.5%.     

CO2 laser with 30 MW single mode output

The operating principles and performance of a simple three mirror telescopic resonator for generating temporally smooth laser pulses of at least 30 MW peak power and controlled duration in the range 60 to 200 ns are discussed.     

采用直接数字频率合成器混频信号的高频功率源设计

 提取直接数字频率合成器芯片AD9850输出的混频信号作为系统的频率源,介绍了高频功率源的结构和原理。系统的工作频率范围为(96±1) MHz,最大输出功率为10 kW。驱动级采用MOSFET晶体管功率放大模块,末级采用高频真空四极管4CW10000B。四极管采用阴地电路,工作在甲乙类。高频功率源采用压控可变衰减器进行幅度调制,为满足系统的频率和幅值稳定度要求,功率源采用带温度补偿的晶体振荡器,并让四极管工作在过压状态。在应用Ziegler-Nichols法整定控制器的PID参数时,为实现控制系统的在线自整定,系统采用了继电反馈法,由极限周期和增益得出PID参数。     

Coherence of a single mode InAlGaAs/InP cylinderical microlaser with two output ports

We experimentally investigate the coherence of a single mode InAlGaAs/InP cylindrical microlaser with two output waveguides. For a cylindrical microlaser with a radius of 15 μm and two 2 μm-wide output waveguides, single mode operation with a side mode suppression ratio of 30 dB is realized, and a far-field interferometric pattern similar to a Young's interferometer is observed. The results indicate that the microlasers with two output waveguides can be used as the light source for an optical sensor by monitoring the phase change of the output emission from one port versus that of the other port.     

Specific mode output from multimode fiber oscillators by designing rare earth doping profiles

Based on rate equations, a theoretical model of a fiber oscillator with a multimode gain fiber was built. We studied the effect of the rare earth doping profile in the core on the output characteristics of the multimode fiber oscillator. The results indicated that a pure fundamental mode can be obtained by partly doping the core of the large mode area （LMA） ytterbium doped fiber （YDF） in the fiber laser. Furthermore, a sole specific high-order mode can also be implemented by tailoring the rare earth doping profile according to the simulations. The mode coupling effect was also taken into account in the model. In spite of the mode coupling effect, the specific mode was able to dominate in the output of the fiber laser by utilizing the designed LMA YDF.     

简单MOPA结构窄线宽激光突破5 kW近单模输出

高功率窄线宽光纤激光器在非线性频率转换、光谱合成以及相干合成等领域有着重要的应用前景。本文基于自研的复合腔结构窄线宽振荡器作为种子,采用单级主振荡功率放大技术（MOPA）,实现了5 kW高效率的近单模窄谱激光输出。通过优化振荡器的时序特性和放大级结构,受激拉曼散射、光谱展宽和热致模式不稳定效应得到综合抑制。在最高功率时,信号光的3 dB和20 dB线宽分别为0.48 nm和2.1 nm,放大器的斜率效率约为86.1%,拉曼抑制比为28.3 dB,光束质量M2约1.35。本研究工作对于高功率窄线宽光纤激光的发展和研究具有重要的指导意义。     

Passive mode locking of fiber lasers upon doubling the period of repetition of ultrashort pulses in the output radiation

The dynamics of the output radiation of fiber lasers with nonlinear losses caused by an intracavity polarizer and by nonlinear optical activity due to the Kerr nonlinearity of the fiber is studied by numerical simulation. It is shown that the model of lasing that takes into account the concentration of nonlinear losses in the intracavity polarizer describes the characteristic transient regimes of the passive mode locking, connected with a nonstationarity of the parameters of the output radiation: doubling of the period of repetition of the field structure in the output radiation, appearance of slow periodic changes of the parameters of light pulses in the regimes with the doubled period, and transitions to the regimes with chaotic change of the characteristics of ultrashort pulses.