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1.
A group G satisfies the weak maximality condition for nonnilpotent subgroups [or, briefly, the Wmax-(nonnil) condition if G does not have infinite increasing chains {H
n
| n ∈ ℕ} of nonnilpotent subgroups such that the indices |H
n+1: H
n
| are infinite for each n ∈ ℕ. We study the structure of hypercentral groups satisfying the weak maximality condition for nonnilpotent subgroups.
__________
Translated from Ukrains’kyi Matematychnyi Zhurnal, Vol. 58, No. 8, pp. 1068–1083, August, 2006. 相似文献
2.
M. A. Nalbandyan 《Russian Mathematics (Iz VUZ)》2009,53(10):45-56
For any sequence {ω(n)}
n∈ℕ tending to infinity we construct a “quasiquadratic” representation spectrum Λ = {n
2 + o(ω(n))}
n∈ℕ: for any almost everywhere (a. e.) finite measurable function f(x) there exists a series in the form $
\mathop \sum \limits_{k \in \Lambda }
$
\mathop \sum \limits_{k \in \Lambda }
α
k
ω
k
(x) that converges a. e. to this function, where {w
k
(x)}
k∈ℕ is the Walsh system. We find representation spectra in the form {n
l
+ o(n
l
)}
n∈ℕ, where l ∈ {2
k
}
k∈ℕ. 相似文献
3.
A digital representation of a semigroup (S,⋅) is a family 〈F
t
〉
t∈I
, where I is a linearly ordered set, each F
t
is a finite non-empty subset of S and every element of S is uniquely representable in the form Π
t∈H
x
t
where H is a finite subset of I, each x
t
∈F
t
and products are taken in increasing order of indices. (If S has an identity 1, then Π
t∈∅
x
t
=1.) A strong digital representation of a group G is a digital representation of G with the additional property that for each t∈I,
for some x
t
∈G and some m
t
>1 in ℕ where m
t
=2 if the order of x
t
is infinite, while, if the order of x
t
is finite, then m
t
is a prime and the order of x
t
is a power of m
t
. We show that any free semigroup has a digital representation with each |
F
t
|=1 and that each Abelian group has a strong digital representation. We investigate the problem of whether all groups, or even
all finite groups have strong digital representations, obtaining several partial results. Finally, we give applications to
the algebra of the Stone-Čech compactification of a discrete group and the weakly almost periodic compactification of a discrete
semigroup.
Dedicated to Karl Heinrich Hofmann on the occasion of his 75th birthday.
Stefano Ferri was partially supported by a research grant of the Faculty of Sciences of Universidad de los Andes. The support is gratefully acknowledged.
Neil Hindman acknowledges support received from the National Science Foundation via Grant DMS-0554803. 相似文献
4.
We consider an infinite tandem queueing network consisting of ·/GI/1/∞ stations with i.i.d. service times. We investigate the asymptotic behavior of t(n, k), the inter-arrival times between customers n and n + 1 at station k, and that of w(n, k), the waiting time of customer n at station k. We establish a duality property by which w(n, k) and the “idle times”y(n, k) play symmetrical roles. This duality structure, interesting by itself, is also instrumental in proving some of the ergodic
results. We consider two versions of the model: the quadrant and the half-plane. In the quadrant version, the sequences of
boundary conditions {w(0,k), k∈ℕ} and {t(n, 0), n∈ℕ}, are given. In the half-plane version, the sequence {t(n, 0), n∈ℕ} is given. Under appropriate assumptions on the boundary conditions and on the services, we obtain ergodic results for
both versions of the model. For the quadrant version, we prove the existence of temporally ergodic evolutions and of spatially
ergodic ones. Furthermore, the process {t(n, k), n∈ℕ} converges weakly with k to a limiting distribution, which is invariant for the queueing operator. In the more difficult half plane problem, the aim
is to obtain evolutions which are both temporally and spatially ergodic. We prove that 1/n∑
k=1
n
w(0, k) converges almost surely and in L
1 to a finite constant. This constitutes a first step in trying to prove that {t(n,k), n∈ℤ} converges weakly with k to an invariant limiting distribution.
Received: 23 March 1999 / Revised version: 5 January 2000 / Published online: 12 October 2000 相似文献
5.
We study equidistribution properties of nil-orbits (b
n
x)
n∈ℕ when the parameter n is restricted to the range of some sparse sequence that is not necessarily polynomial. For example, we show that if X = G/Γ is a nilmanifold, b ∈ G is an ergodic nilrotation, and c ∈ ℝ \ ℤ is positive, then the sequence $
(b^{[n^c ]} x)_{n \in \mathbb{N}}
$
(b^{[n^c ]} x)_{n \in \mathbb{N}}
is equidistributed in X for every x ∈ X. This is also the case when n
c
is replaced with a(n), where a(t) is a function that belongs to some Hardy field, has polynomial growth, and stays logarithmically away from polynomials,
and when it is replaced with a random sequence of integers with sub-exponential growth. Similar results have been established
by Boshernitzan when X is the circle. 相似文献
6.
Let Γ be the set of all permutations of the natural series and let α = {α j}
j∈ℕ, ν = {νj}
j∈ℕ, and η = {ηj}
j∈ℕ be nonnegative number sequences for which
is defined for all γ:= {γ(j)}
j∈ℕ ∈ Γ and η ∈ l
p. We find
in the case where 1 < p < ∞.
__________
Translated from Ukrains’kyi Matematychnyi Zhurnal, Vol. 57, No. 10, pp. 1430–1434, October, 2005. 相似文献
7.
It is proved that all the equivalence relations of a universal algebra A are its congruences if and only if either |A| ≤ 2 or every operation f of the signature is a constant (i.e., f(a
1
, . . . , a
n
) = c for some c ∈ A and all the a
1
, . . . , a
n
∈ A) or a projection (i.e., f(a
1
, . . . , a
n
) = a
i
for some i and all the a
1
, . . . , a
n
∈ A). All the equivalence relations of a groupoid G are its right congruences if and only if either |G| ≤ 2 or every element a ∈ G is a right unit or a generalized right zero (i.e., x
a
= y
a
for all x, y ∈ G). All the equivalence relations of a semigroup S are right congruences if and only if either |S| ≤ 2 or S can be represented as S = A∪B, where A is an inflation of a right zero semigroup, and B is the empty set or a left zero semigroup, and ab = a, ba = a
2 for a ∈ A, b ∈ B. If G is a groupoid of 4 or more elements and all the equivalence relations of it are right or left congruences, then either all
the equivalence relations of the groupoid G are left congruences, or all of them are right congruences. A similar assertion for semigroups is valid without the restriction
on the number of elements. 相似文献
8.
We show that ifG is a semisimple algebraic group defined overQ and Γ is an arithmetic lattice inG:=G
R with respect to theQ-structure, then there exists a compact subsetC ofG/Γ such that, for any unipotent one-parameter subgroup {u
t} ofG and anyg∈G, the time spent inC by the {u
t}-trajectory ofgΓ, during the time interval [0,T], is asymptotic toT, unless {g
−1utg} is contained in aQ-parabolic subgroup ofG. Some quantitative versions of this are also proved. The results strengthen similar assertions forSL(n,Z),n≥2, proved earlier in [5] and also enable verification of a technical condition introduced in [7] for lattices inSL(3,R), which was used in our proof of Raghunathan’s conjecture for a class of unipotent flows, in [8]. 相似文献
9.
Jie-hua MAI~ Tai-xiang SUN~ 《中国科学A辑(英文版)》2007,50(12):1818-1824
Let G be a graph and f:G→G be continuous.Denote by R(f) andΩ(f) the set of recurrent points and the set of non-wandering points of f respectively.LetΩ_0(f) = G andΩ_n(f)=Ω(f|_(Ω_(n-1)(f))) for all n∈N.The minimal m∈NU {∞} such thatΩ_m(f)=Ω_(m 1)(f) is called the depth of f.In this paper,we show thatΩ_2 (f)=(?) and the depth of f is at most 2.Furthermore,we obtain some properties of non-wandering points of f. 相似文献
10.
G. Lepsveridze 《Georgian Mathematical Journal》1998,5(2):157-176
It is proved that for any given sequence (σ
n
,n ∈ ℕ)=Γ0 ⊂ Γ, where Γ is the set of all directions in ℝ2 (i.e., pairs of orthogonal straight lines) there exists a locally integrable functionf on ℝ2 such that: (1) for almost all directionsσ ∈ Γ\Γ0 the integral ∫f is differentiable with respect to the familyB
2σ
of open rectangles with sides parallel to the straight lines fromσ: (2) for every directionσ
n
∈ Γ0 the upper derivative of ∫f with respect toB
2σ
n
equals +∞; (3) for every directionσ ∈ Γ the upper derivative of ∫ |f| with respect toB
2σ
equals +∞. 相似文献
11.
We show a descent method for submodular function minimization based on an oracle for membership in base polyhedra. We assume
that for any submodular function f: ?→R on a distributive lattice ?⊆2
V
with ?,V∈? and f(?)=0 and for any vector x∈R
V
where V is a finite nonempty set, the membership oracle answers whether x belongs to the base polyhedron associated with f and that if the answer is NO, it also gives us a set Z∈? such that x(Z)>f(Z). Given a submodular function f, by invoking the membership oracle O(|V|2) times, the descent method finds a sequence of subsets Z
1,Z
2,···,Z
k
of V such that f(Z
1)>f(Z
2)>···>f(Z
k
)=min{f(Y) | Y∈?}, where k is O(|V|2). The method furnishes an alternative framework for submodular function minimization if combined with possible efficient
membership algorithms.
Received: September 9, 2001 / Accepted: October 15, 2001?Published online December 6, 2001 相似文献
12.
Keiko Kotani 《Graphs and Combinatorics》2001,17(3):511-515
Let G be a connected graph without loops and without multiple edges, and let p be an integer such that 0 < p<|V(G)|. Let f be an integer-valued function on V(G) such that 2≤f(x)≤ deg
G
(x) for all x∈V(G). We show that if every connected induced subgraph of order p of G has an f-factor, then G has an f-factor, unless ∑
x
∈
V
(
G
)
f(x) is odd.
Received: June 29, 1998?Final version received: July 30, 1999 相似文献
13.
Suppose that(T
t
)t>0 is aC
0 semi-group of contractions on a Banach spaceX, such that there exists a vectorx∈X, ‖x‖=1 verifyingJ
−1(Jx)={x}, whereJ is the duality mapping fromX toP(X
*). If |<T
t
x,f>|→1, whent→+∞ for somef∈X
*, ‖f‖≤1 thenx is an eigenvector of the generatorA, associated with a purcly imaginary eigenvalue. Because of Lin's example [L], the hypothesis onx∈X is the best possible.
If the hypothesisJ
−1(Jx)={x} is not verified, we can prove that ifJx is a singleton and ifJ
−1(Jx) is weakly compact, then if |<T
t
x, f>|→1, whent→+∞ for somef∈X
*, ‖f‖≤1, there existsy∈J
−1(Jx) such thaty is an eigenvector of the generatorA, associated with a purely imaginary eigenvalue. We give also a counter-example in the case whereX is one of the spaces ℓ1 orL
1. 相似文献
14.
Samit Dasgupta Gyula Károlyi Oriol Serra Balázs Szegedy 《Israel Journal of Mathematics》2001,126(1):17-28
LetA={a
1, …,a
k} andB={b
1, …,b
k} be two subsets of an Abelian groupG, k≤|G|. Snevily conjectured that, whenG is of odd order, there is a permutationπ ∈S
ksuch that the sums α
i
+b
i
, 1≤i≤k, are pairwise different. Alon showed that the conjecture is true for groups of prime order, even whenA is a sequence ofk<|G| elements, i.e., by allowing repeated elements inA. In this last sense the result does not hold for other Abelian groups. With a new kind of application of the polynomial method
in various finite and infinite fields we extend Alon’s result to the groups (ℤ
p
)
a
and
in the casek<p, and verify Snevily’s conjecture for every cyclic group of odd order.
Supported by Hungarian research grants OTKA F030822 and T029759.
Supported by the Catalan Research Council under grant 1998SGR00119.
Partially supported by the Hungarian Research Foundation (OTKA), grant no. T029132. 相似文献
15.
Let F ì PG \mathcal{F} \subset {\mathcal{P}_G} be a left-invariant lower family of subsets of a group G. A subset A ⊂ G is called F \mathcal{F} -thin if xA ?yA ? F xA \cap yA \in \mathcal{F} for any distinct elements x, y ∈ G. The family of all F \mathcal{F} -thin subsets of G is denoted by t( F ) \tau \left( \mathcal{F} \right) . If t( F ) = F \tau \left( \mathcal{F} \right) = \mathcal{F} , then F \mathcal{F} is called thin-complete. The thin-completion t*( F ) {\tau^*}\left( \mathcal{F} \right) of F \mathcal{F} is the smallest thin-complete subfamily of PG {\mathcal{P}_G} that contains F \mathcal{F} . Answering questions of Lutsenko and Protasov, we prove that a set A ⊂ G belongs to τ*(G) if and only if, for any sequence (g
n
)
n∈ω
of nonzero elements of G, there is n ∈ ω such that
?i0, ?, in ? { 0, 1 } g0i0 ?gninA ? F . \bigcap\limits_{{i_0}, \ldots, {i_n} \in \left\{ {0,\;1} \right\}} {g_0^{{i_0}} \ldots g_n^{{i_n}}A \in \mathcal{F}} . 相似文献
16.
Alan J. Hoffman 《Advances in Computational Mathematics》2006,25(1-3):1-6
Assume F={f1,. . .,fn} is a family of nonnegative functions of n−1 nonnegative variables such that, for every matrix A of order n, |aii|>fi (moduli of off-diagonal entries in row i of A) for all i implies A nonsingular. We show that there is a positive vector x, depending only on F, such that for all A=(aij), and all i, fi≥∑j|aij|{xj}/xi. This improves a theorem of Ky Fan, and yields a generalization of a nonsingularity criterion of Gudkov.
Dedicated to Charles A. Micchelli, in celebration of his 60th birthday and our 30 years of friendship 相似文献
17.
Dejan Kolarič 《Journal of Geometric Analysis》2009,19(4):847-863
Let A?? N be an algebraic variety with dim?A≤N?2. Given discrete sequences {a j },{b j }?? N \ A with slow growth ( $\sum_{j}{1\over|a_{j}|^{2}}<\infty,\sum_{j}{1\over |b_{j}|^{2}}<\infty
18.
Sergio Vessella 《数学学报(英文版)》2005,21(2):351-380
Let Γ be a portion of a C
1,α boundary of an n-dimensional domain D. Let u be a solution
to a second order parabolic equation in D × (–T, T) and assume that u = 0 on Γ × (–T, T), 0 ∈ Γ. We
prove that u satis.es a three cylinder inequality near Γ × (–T, T) . As a consequence of the previous
result we prove that if u (x, t) = O (|x|k) for every t ∈ (–T, T) and every k ∈ ℕ, then u is identically
equal to zero.
This work is partially supported by MURST, Grant No. MM01111258 相似文献
19.
Tomasz Schoen 《Acta Mathematica Hungarica》2012,135(3):229-235
We prove two results concerning solvability of a linear equation in sets of integers. In particular, it is shown that for
every k∈ℕ, there is a noninvariant linear equation in k variables such that if A⫅{1,…,N} has no solution to the equation then
|A|\leqq 2-ck/(logk)2N|A|\leqq 2^{-ck/{(\log k)}^{2}}N, for some absolute constant c>0, provided that N is large enough. 相似文献
20.
Let L
p
(S), 0 < p < +∞, be a Lebesgue space of measurable functions on S with ordinary quasinorm ∥·∥
p
. For a system of sets {B
t
|t ∈ [0, +∞)
n
} and a given function ψ: [0, +∞)
n
↦ [ 0, +∞), we establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a function f ∈ L
p
(S) such that inf {∥f − g∥
p
p
g ∈ L
p
(S), g = 0 almost everywhere on S\B
t
} = ψ (t), t ∈ [0, +∞)
n
. As a consequence, we obtain a generalization and improvement of the Dzhrbashyan theorem on the inverse problem of approximation
by functions of the exponential type in L
2.
__________
Translated from Ukrains’kyi Matematychnyi Zhurnal, Vol. 58, No. 8, pp. 1116–1127, August, 2006. 相似文献
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