基于关联基的壳模型截断计算

提出了一种新的用于壳模型截断计算的基矢空间的构建方法,即关联基的方法。关联基是利用壳模型中每个粒子数分布下哈密顿量的本征态作为基矢。在此基矢之上,可以很自然地通过考虑能量相对较低的关联基矢进行相应的截断计算。当所有的关联基矢都被考虑时,计算结果回到一般jj耦合给出的结果。最后,对关联基下壳模型的计算与标准的壳模型计算进行了比较,计算结果表明,关联基下壳模型能量和波函数有着良好的收敛性,同时表明关联基计算的有效性。     

电场对负电荷激子的能-光谱AB振荡的影响

定量讨论了可控外加均匀电场对量子环上负电荷激子的能-光谱及其AB振荡的影响。文中计算光谱的结果与实验值符合很好。负电荷激子是三个带电粒子的体系,构成本征函数的基矢数以及哈密顿矩阵元都极大,数值计算艰浩。文中提出如何选定基矢组Γ(Kmin,Kmax)以减少基矢数及保证因基矢组的选择所引起的误差极小的方法。为验证基矢组Γ(Kmin,Kmax)的可靠性,还提出了对构成波函数中基矢K的比重D(K)的分析方法。并对哈密顿矩阵元〈H〉中的动能项〈T〉、库仑作用项〈V〉、外加电场作用项〈E〉与环半径R的关系进行了讨论。     

分立位置表象中双原子分子振动能级的计算

用离散的位置基矢作为连续位置基矢的近似,构建分立位置表象.在分立位置表象中,哈密顿算符矩阵具有对角占优、带状稀疏的特点,矩阵元不用做积分运算,具有特别简单的解析表达式.分别对双原子分子在Morse势、Murrell-Sorbie势和双阱势中运动情形,进行了数值计算.结果表明,在分立位置表象中计算双原子分子振动能级,方法简便,稳定性好,计算精度高.     

量子环上的负电荷激子

讨论了负电荷激子X^-的能-光谱及其Aharonov-Bhom振荡.负电荷激子是三个带电粒子组成的体系,其基函数（基矢）数目大,数值计算艰巨. 以往人们常把体系的空间波函数分离成质心运动和相对运动两部分来处理,这种方法误差大,只适用于外加磁场很小的情况.直接由体系的Hamilton量出发,基于角动量守恒,把基矢按总角动量分类. 据此提出了一种简便的求解体系的本征矢和本征函数方案,使用该方法使计算时间节省了90%以上.所得计算结果没有抗磁现象,且计算结果与现有的实验数据符合很好.还讨论了环的半径、介质电容率和空穴的有效质量与ABO的关系. 关键词： 量子环 负电荷激子 能-光谱 Aharonov-Bhom振荡     

单壁纳米管的弹性性质

基于第一性原理计算了一系列单壁碳纳米管(椅型、锯齿型)和氮化硼锯齿型纳米管的杨氏模量.用实际的数值结果显示了杨氏模量与纳米管管径之间的依赖关系.还讨论了各类纳米管卷曲形变能以及平衡基矢长度a随管型的变化. 关键词： 单壁纳米管 平衡基矢长度 杨氏模量 形变能     

相空间中对称的纠缠相干态及其非经典特性

研究相空间中对称的纠缠相干态, 通过引入正交基矢, 利用concurrence方法计算了纠缠度, 研究了它们的单、双模压缩以及反聚束效应. 数值计算表明, 相空间中对称的纠缠相干态与非经典效应之间存在着密切的联系. 关键词： 纠缠相干态 concurrence 非经典效应     

多原子分子高激发振动能谱的非线性量子理论计算的程序化

以占有数表象为基础,通过编程,实现了不同分子各激发态波函数的基、基矢、完备的基矢空间及该空间中的Ｈａｍｉｕｌｔｏｎｉａｎ算符距阵元的计算,在此基础上实现了多原子分子高激发振动的能谱的非一量子理论计算的程序化。     

关联退极化量子信道中qutrit-qutrit系统的量子相干性演化

为探索量子系统的退相干机制寻找延缓退相干的方法,本文研究了关联量子信道中的退相干过程,计算了关联退极化信道中两体qutrit系统的3种初态:一种特殊初态、最大相干初态和各向同性初态的范数相干性、相对熵相干性及基矢无关相干性.分析得出的解析结果、数值结果和演化图像可以发现:1)完全关联的信道能最大程度地抑制退相干;2)存在一个与关联度无关的最大退相干时间点,但其退相干的演化行为却依赖着关联度;3)信道的关联可以增强子系统间的相干性.基矢无关相干性遵循的不等式关系也在此系统中得以验证.     

干涉法测量非球面顶点半径和二次常数

非球面顶点半径和二次常数干涉测量是对二次曲面离轴子孔径在弧矢、子午和中间焦点位置直接干涉测量,拟合得到初级像差系数,并结合化置差计算出顶点曲率半径和二次常数.详细介绍了该方法的基本原理,在此基础上将子孔径中心法线与光轴夹角分解为两个倾角分量α和β引入,改进了现有模型.提出在子孔径对称情况下,可通过调整、控制特定项的泽尼克系数值,消除β分量.进而对新的模型进行了简化,只考虑α分量的影响,给出了仅存在该分量时的非球面顶点半径和二次常数的计算公式,编写了仿真程序.在α=0.03 °,β=0时.直径100 mm,F数为3的抛物面反射镜离轴子孔径的初级像差系数的理论计算和数值仿真结果最大偏差仅为0.0002 λ.研究表明:在子孔径中心法线与光轴的调整存在一定误差时,在弧矢、子午和中间焦点处的初级像差系数特征关系仍然成立.     

矩形槽光栅的矢量模式理论

本文引进满足均匀矢量Helmholtz方程的矢量波函数作为基矢,对矩形槽光栅的槽内和槽外的光场分别进行矢量平面波展开和矢量模式展开,并由耦合条件导出了求解展开系数的方程组,可进行数值计算.该方法可研究入射场的方向和偏振任意时的衍射效率、偏振特性变化等问题.在p偏振和s偏振的特殊情况下所得到的公式与用标量模式理论得到的结果一致.     

混响场中用相关传声器识别声源直达声的近似工程法

本文研究了在混响场中用相关传声器识别主声源直达声的近似工程法，包括理论及实验技术。采用该方法对一个置于混响声污染下的恒定声源进行了直达声测量，并将测量结果与该恒定声源的消声室测量结果进行了比较，结果表明：相关传声器近似工程法在很大程度上能减少混响声对主要源声压测量的干扰，从而能在混响声场中获取一定精度的主声源声压级。     

Free-field calibration of a pressure gradient receiver in a reflecting water tank using a linear frequency-modulated signal

This work continues a study of the method for constructing the frequency dependence for a projector-receiver pair in a free field by complex moving weighted averaging of the frequency dependence for a pair measured in the field of a reflecting water tank. The method is applied to the free-field calibration of a pressure gradient receiver using a reference hydrophone when radiating a complex linear frequency-modulated (LFM) signal. To improve the estimates of this method, we edited the initial frequency dependences using functions in the form of the product of the complex LFM projector current multiplied by the powerlaw function of the LFM signal frequency. We consider ways to use a priori information both to improve the results obtained by complex moving weighted averaging and to estimate the distortions introduced by this method are considered.     

Investigation of ion dynamics in a Penning trap using a pulse-probe technique

We demonstrate a pulse-probe method for measuring the ion-cloud rotation frequency in a Penning trap. We show that it is useful over a range of parameters not accessible to the photon correlation method of Dholakia et al. [1]. In particular, the pulse-probe method works for larger clouds than the photon-correlation method. We show that the pulse-probe method measures the space-charge-shifted frequency and gives us the optical pumping times within clouds. Furthermore, we show that, for Mg⁺ ions, it is capable of measuring much higher degrees of space-charge shift than the photon-correlation method. Improvements to the method may enable its use in measuring diffusion rates for ions in clouds.     

Thickness Determination for a Two-Layered Composite of a Film and a Plate by Low-Frequency Ultrasound

We present an ultrasonic method for determining the thickness of a composite consisting of a soft thin film attached to a hard plate substrate, by resonance spectra in the low frequency region, The interrogating waves can be incident only to the two-layered composite from the substrate side. The reflection spectra are obtained by FFT analysis of the compressive pulsed echoes from the composite, and the thicknesses of the film and the substrate are simultaneously inversed by the simulated annealing method from the resonant frequencies knowing other acoustical parameters in prior. The sensitivity of the method to individual thickness, its convergence and stability against experimental noises are studied, Experiment with interrogating wavelength 4 times larger than the film thickness in a sample of a polymer film （0.054mm） on an aluminium plate （6.24mm） verifies the validity of the method. The average relative errors in the measurement of the thicknesses of the film and the substrate are found to be -4.1% and -0.62%, respectively.     

Flow measurement: using a chopper together with a CW laser to realize a frame straddling technique

A simple method that uses a chopper together with a CW laser to realize a frame straddling technique for flow measurement is introduced, in which a chopper with two windows is used to generate double pulses for exposure. By changing the size and position of each window, the time and interval of exposure can be adjusted easily. The light source is a CW semiconductor laser. The advantage of this method is in its being simple, cheap and compact. The method has been validated on a hydrodynamic flow involving a von Kármán Vortex Street.     

Orthogonal-polarization compensation method for measuring unsteady vertical force of a bumblebee in a wind tunnel

It is important to measure the unsteady vertical force of an insect in a wind tunnel for studying the flight performance of insects. Optical method can measure it with high accuracy, but it is affected by air turbulence. An orthogonal-polarization compensation (OPC) method is developed for measuring the beating force of a bumblebee in a wind tunnel and compensating the error due to beam fluctuations induced by air turbulence. The applicability of the OPC method was confirmed by using a piezo translator to generate the tilt angle variation. The results show that by using the OPC method, the error in tilt angle measurement due to air turbulence can be decreased by about 80% compared with that using the conventional angle measurement method. The OPC method was then applied to measure the tilt angle variation caused by the beating motion of a bumblebee attached to one end of a sensor block in a wind tunnel for a wind velocity of 1.1 ms⁻¹. The results confirmed the effectiveness of this new method.     

Modeling of a nanoscale rectangular hole in a real metal

We propose and implement a simple and accurate method to analyze a subwavelength rectangular hole in a real metal and obtain the modal characteristics of its fundamental mode. Our results are found to be in excellent agreement with those reported in the literature, obtained by the effective index method (EIM) and finite-element and finite-difference methods. Unlike the EIM, the present method has no ambiguity in its implementation and is able to predict the major field components also, which may be useful in understanding the extraordinary transmission characteristics of such structures.     

Accurate Measurement of a Small Defect in a Planar Waveguide

Abstract

A non-destructive test method of a small defect (a dust particle or an air bubble) in a strongly confined planar waveguide is demonstrated in this work. Based on strong resonances between the small defect and some special incident wavelengths, an accurate reconstruction of the defect parameters can quickly be obtained from our previous numerical method. An example is given to verify the validity of the present measurement method.     

Calibration of hydrophones in a field with continuous radiation in a reverberating pool

We examine a method for estimating the transient impedance of an emitter and a receiver in a free field based on sliding complex averaging of the frequency dependence of the transient impedance of the emitter and the receiver obtained under continuous emission in an undamped pool. The method makes it possible to weaken the influence of reflected signals and to obtain frequency characteristics almost coinciding with measured ones in free-field conditions. We present results from experimental studies of the method and its application for calibration of hydrophones by field with the reciprocity method in a reverberating field.     

Regularizing a vortex sheet near a separation point

Current methods for computing vortex sheet separation use a regularization parameter which is discontinuous from the body to the vortex sheet. We propose two methods for reducing the errors associated with the discontinuity and improving convergence with respect to the regularization parameter. The “velocity smoothing” method is the simpler of the two, and removes the discontinuity in regularization from one of the two equations where it occurs. The “tapered smoothing” method removes the discontinuity from both equations. In a model problem, both methods are found to converge much more rapidly (with exponents 3/2 and 2 versus 1/2 for the standard method) as the regularization parameter tends to zero. Unsteady algorithms are proposed for evolving the free sheet using the two methods, and are tested in a benchmark problem. Accuracy is significantly improved for similar computational expense.