拉曼光谱和MLS-SVR的食用油脂肪酸含量预测研究

为实现食用植物油中饱和脂肪酸、油酸、亚油酸含量的快速预测,对一批纯食用油以及不同比例两两混合油共91个样品进行了拉曼光谱检测,在800～2 000 cm-1范围内,通过基于寻峰算法的自动确定支点的基线拟合方法,对获得的光谱数据进行预处理,提取八个特征峰作为拉曼光谱的特征值。以这些特征值为输入,以样品油中实际饱和脂肪酸、油酸、亚油酸含量为输出,运用偏最小二乘回归(PLS)和多输出最小二乘支持向量回归机(MLS-SVR)方法,分别建立了可以同时预测三种脂肪酸含量的数学模型,结果表明MLS-SVR方法具有较好的效果。将MLS-SVR模型的预测结果与气相色谱法结果相比较,可得到三种脂肪酸的预测均方根误差分别为0.496 7%,0.840 0%和1.019 9%,相关系数分别为0.813 3,0.999 2和0.998 1;对未知样品三种脂肪酸的预测均方根误差不超过5%。表明,拉曼光谱和MLS-SVR相结合的食用油脂肪酸含量预测方法,具有快速、简便、无损、准确等优点,为食用油脂肪酸含量分析提供了一种可行的方法。     

拉曼光谱技术在脂质过氧化反应中的应用

本实验以亚油酸为材料,分别采用过氧化产物检测法和拉曼光谱技术对亚油酸的自氧化过程进行监测,从氧化反应的中间产物和底物的结构变化两个角度,对亚油酸的自氧化过程进行分析。为不饱和脂肪酸的过氧化机理研究提供实验证据。结果表明:拉曼光谱技术能够用来研究单分子物质的结构变化,随着自氧化过程的进行,亚油酸的拉曼光谱在谱型和峰强方面都有所变化,能够反映分子内部结构的变化。其时间效应与采用TBA和共轭二烯法测定时的时间效应基本一致。     

拉曼光谱与拉曼效应的量子模型结构分析

散射光谱这种新谱线对应于散射分子中能级的跃迁,为研究分子结构提供了一种重要手段,引起学术界极大兴趣,拉曼也因此荣获1930年诺贝尔物理学奖。并称这种谱线为拉曼光谱。介绍了拉曼光谱的基本原理、拉曼光谱的应用以及其发展,由于拉曼光谱非常弱,实验要求比较高,最后介绍了实验仪器及利用拉曼光谱研究分子的结构。     

醛类分子的拉曼光谱研究

应用便携式拉曼光谱仪,采集了四种醛类分子(GnH2nO,n=1,2,3,4)的拉曼光谱,并通过量子化学中密度泛函理论(DFT)对四种醛类分子进行了分子模型构建和理论拉曼光谱模拟计算.通过实验拉曼光谱和DFT模拟计算结果的对比,对四种醛类分子的特征振动峰进行了指认.同时对四种醛类分子的实验光谱进行了分析比较.应用便携式拉...     

饱和一元醇类分子拉曼光谱振动峰的归属研究

选用B3LYP/6-31G(d)优化并计算了31种饱和一元醇类分子的拉曼光谱,以甲醇为例,考察了理论计算结果的准确性,分析了碳原子数小于7的直链饱和一元醇拉曼光谱振动峰的归属。研究结果显示,B3LYP/6-31G(d)用于饱和一元醇类分子拉曼光谱振动的模拟计算较为准确,通过饱和一元醇拉曼光谱振动峰归属分析,确认C—O伸缩振动引起的振动峰可作为饱和一元醇类分子拉曼光谱的特征峰;进一步研究还发现,饱和一元醇类分子拉曼光谱的特征峰与其极化率、热力学、能量等主要参数具有显著的相关性(sig.为0.015),为同系物的拉曼光谱研究提供了一定的参考价值。     

氨基甲酸酯类农药的密度泛函理论计算及拉曼光谱研究

为了获得氨基甲酸酯类农药分子的分子结构振动信息,应用密度泛函理论(DFT)中的B3LYP杂化泛函和6-31G(d,p)基组对三种氨基甲酸酯类农药(西维因、克百威和涕灭威)分子进行了几何结构优化和频率计算,利用拉曼光谱仪采集了这三种氨基甲酸酯类农药的实验拉曼光谱,并将理论方法计算的拉曼光谱和实验拉曼光谱进行比较。结果表明,理论方法计算的结果与实验值具有很好的匹配性。对三种氨基甲酸酯类农药分子在400～3 200 cm-1范围内的振动频率进行了全面地归属,找到了氨基甲酸酯类农药分子的四个特征峰,分别位于874,1 014,1 162和1 716 cm-1附近。对比分析三种农药实验拉曼光谱的差异,找到三种农药分子各自不同的特征峰。研究结果为氨基甲酸酯类农药的检测分析提供了理论基础,将应用于农产品中氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的鉴别。     

几种环状分子的拉曼光谱研究

通过实际检测获得了环己烷、四氢呋喃、1,4-二氧己环（二恶烷）几种环状分子的拉曼光谱。并应用密度泛函理论对几种环状分子的拉曼振动峰进行了详细的分析。研究结果表明：几种环状分子最强拉曼振动峰均由环呼吸运动引起,但它们的波数值差异较大,可以作为鉴定此类分子的判断依据。应用拉曼光谱检测技术可以对此类有毒物质进行快速的鉴定与分析。     

基于衰减全反射式太赫兹时域光谱技术的食用油光谱特性研究

食用油是人类营养和能量的重要来源,为人体提供必需的脂肪酸,研究食用油在太赫兹波段光学特性,对食用油成分分析及品质评价具有重要价值。衰减全反射式太赫兹时域光谱技术是一种新型的太赫兹时域光谱技术,通过样品与倏逝波的相互作用,获取样品的太赫兹光谱。与透射式或反射式太赫兹时域光谱技术相比,该技术能有效地避免测量食用油等液体样品时样品池对光学参数的影响,并能获得样品的精确光学参数。分别利用透射式太赫兹时域光谱技术和衰减全反射式太赫兹时域光谱技术测量了大豆油的吸收光谱。结果表明,与透射式太赫兹时域光谱技术相比,衰减全反射式太赫兹时域光谱技术能更有效地提取大豆油的吸收系数、吸收峰分布等光学特性。进一步利用衰减全反射式太赫兹时域光谱技术研究了大豆油、核桃油、葡萄籽油在太赫兹波段的光学特性,获得了三种食用油在1~1.8 THz范围内的折射率谱和吸收光谱。利用密度泛函理论计算了食用油中四种主要成分(软脂酸、硬脂酸、油酸和亚油酸)在太赫兹波段的振动、转动模式,理论计算结果同实验测量结果吻合较好。研究表明,在太赫兹波段食用油的吸收峰与所含脂肪酸分子种类与含量有关,其主要来源为脂肪酸分子的低频振动和转动。研究成果对食用油成分定性定量分析及品质检测等具有指导意义。     

饱和一元酸类化合物的拉曼光谱研究

通过实验检测获得了甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸四种-元酸的拉曼光谱.应用密度泛函理论对四种酸分子进行了模拟计算,计算结果与实验拉曼光谱吻合度较高,分别对四种酸的特征振动峰进行了详细的分析和振动归属.研究结果表明,甲酸的拉曼光谱与其他三种酸差异较大;乙酸、丙酸和丁酸的拉曼光谱具有一定的相似性,但主强峰位置和次强峰的强度存在着明...     

基于振动光谱成像技术的聚合物共混体系研究进展

振动光谱可以提供分子的振动信息,对于聚合物分子链的构象和链间的相互作用非常敏感。分子振动光谱成像作为一种原位无损检测技术,广泛应用于聚合物共混体系结晶、相态分布、界面扩散等性质的研究。本文综述了拉曼(Raman)光谱和红外(IR)光谱成像技术以及其衍生的具有高空间分辨率的红外-原子力联用技术(IR-AFM)、拉曼-原子力联用技术(Raman-AFM)以及针尖增强拉曼光谱技术(TERS)在聚合物共混体系研究中的最新应用进展,以探索并扩展振动光谱成像技术在高分子领域中的应用。     

利用近红外光谱法分析玉米籽粒脂肪酸含量的研究

采用傅里叶近红外漫反射光谱技术,结合偏最小二乘法,以294份中选的普通和高油玉米自交系以及高油玉米重组自交系为样品建立了玉米籽粒四种主要脂肪酸(软脂酸、硬脂酸、油酸和亚油酸)含量和含油量的近红外光谱(NIRS)校正模型。其中,油酸、亚油酸和含油量的校正模型质量较高,交叉验证决定系数分别为0.89,0.88和0.91,外部验证决定系数分别为0.86,0.84和0.92,相对分析误差(RSP(C))均大于2.5。软脂酸和硬脂酸的校正模型不够精确,交叉验证决定系数和外部验证决定系数均小于0.80,相对分析误差(RSP(C))均小于2.5。通过实际预测进一步验证了油酸、亚油酸和含油量NIRS模型的准确性和可靠性。这些模型可应用于玉米籽粒脂肪酸含量及油分含量大批量快速测定,对玉米油分的品质育种具有重要意义。     

Qualitative analysis of desi ghee,edible oils,and spreads using Raman spectroscopy

Keeping in view the importance of dietary fats in modulating disease risk, a study was planned to compare edible oils, spreads, and desi ghee based on fatty acid composition through Raman spectroscopy. The double bonds in unsaturated oils tend to react more with oxygen causing oxidative stress in living cells; therefore, the excessive use of processed vegetable oils may pose risk for human health. In the spectral analysis, Raman peaks at 1063 and 1127 cm⁻¹ represent out‐of‐phase and in‐phase aliphatic C C stretch for saturated fatty acids. The peak at 1300 cm⁻¹, labeled for alkane, decreases with increase in the double bond contents (unsaturation). Further, the Raman peak at 1655 cm⁻¹ showed a monotonic increase as a function of unsaturation. The double bond contents in the Raman spectra from 1650–1657 cm⁻¹ represent unsaturated fatty acids that changes during the synthesis of spreads and banaspati ghee. Desi ghee, extracted from cow and buffalo milk, showed distinctive Raman peaks at 1650 and 1655 cm⁻¹, which originates because of isomers of conjugated linoleic acid. These Raman shifts differentiated desi ghee from other artificially produced banaspati ghee, spreads, and oils. Conjugated linoleic acid has proved to be anti‐carcinogenic, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐allergic properties; therefore, the limited use of desi ghee may reduce the risk of cardiac diseases. Principal component analysis has been applied on the Raman spectra that clearly differentiated desi ghee, mono‐unsaturated extra virgin olive oil, and extra virgin olive oil spread from other oils, oil mixtures, spreads, and ghee. In addition, principal component analysis has been blindly applied successfully on 13 unknown samples to classify them with reference to the known ghee sample. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of high pressure on unsaturated fatty acids

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of high pressure processing on the molecular structure of some unsaturated fatty acids. Samples of elaidic acid, linoleic acid, ZE and EE conjugated linoleic acid are treated at 293 or 333?K at pressures up to 700?MPa. It is observed that the adiabatic heat generated from compression is able to bring the sample temperature above 373?K after 700?MPa. These relatively extreme conditions are of great interest for food sterilization, but they may induce undesirable change in fatty acid quality characteristics. To check for structural changes, Raman spectra of the samples are analysed after treatments. The comparison with Raman spectra of samples kept at atmospheric pressure shows that pressure induces some conformational changes at the hydrocarbon skeleton in solid samples, while the liquid ones remain unchanged. No cis/trans isomerization occurs, but gauche conformers are likely to be present.     

The Use of Raman Spectroscopy and Methods of Quantum Chemistry for Assessing the Relative Concentration of Triglycerides of Oleic and Linoleic Acids in a Mixture of Olive Oil and Sunflower Seed Oil

The Raman spectra of five samples of sunflower seed oil and five samples of cold-pressed olive oil of various brands are recorded in the range of 500–2000 cm^–1. Within the framework of the B3LYP/6-31G(d)/6-31G(d,p)/6-31+G(d,p)/6-311G(d)/6-311G(d, p)/6-311+G(d,p) methods, the structural models of eight fatty acids (oleic, linoleic, palmitic, stearic, α-linolenic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic) are constructed, and also within the framework of the B3LYP/6-31G(d) method, the structural models of triglycerides of the first four of the above acids are obtained. The vibrational wavenumbers and intensities in the IR and Raman spectra are calculated. The Raman spectra of olive oil and sunflower seed oil were simulated by using the supermolecular approach. We investigated the dependence of the relative intensity of the vibrational bands ν_exp = 1660 and 1445 cm^–1 on the concentration of triglycerides in oils of oleic and linoleic acids and the dependence of the intensity of these bands on the degree of saturation of fatty acids. Experimental and empirical dependences are constructed to estimate the relative concentration of triglycerides of oleic and linoleic acids in a mixture of olive oil and sunflower seed oil. The applicability of the density functional theory together with the vibrational spectroscopy for the identification of mixtures of vegetable oils is discussed.     

Rapid prediction of fatty acid composition of vegetable oil by Raman spectroscopy coupled with least squares support vector machines

The fatty acid composition of vegetable oil plays a significant role in a nutrition‐balanced diet, which makes this industry more quality conscious. A set of store‐purchased vegetable oils and their binary mixtures were characterized by Raman spectra in a region of 800–2000 cm⁻¹. The obtained Raman spectral data were pretreated, and intensities of eight characteristic peaks were extracted as the eigenvalues of an entire spectrum. A prediction model of fatty acid content based on least squares support vector machines (LS‐SVM) were established for multivariate analysis between the Raman spectral eigenvalues and the fatty acid composition measured by gas chromatography (GC) method. The performance of the model was evaluated by comparing the predicted values to the reference values from GC analysis. The correlation coefficient for the prediction of oleic acid, linoleic acid and α‐linolenic acid was 0.9972, 0.9982 and 0.9854, respectively. Raman spectroscopy based on LS‐SVM can be a promising technique for predicting the fatty acid composition of vegetable oil with the advantages of being simple and time‐effective while not requiring any sample preprocessing. In particular, a portable Raman system is suitable for on‐site detection in practical applications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A HeI photoelectron spectroscopic study of polyunsaturated fatty acids

HeI photoelectron spectra of some unsaturated fatty acids except of docosahexaenoic acid have been observed in the gas phase for the first time, by using an infrared heating device that was developed in this laboratory. The first vertical ionization energies (I_obs) of oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid have been determined to be 8.85, 8.80, 8.77, and 8.75 eV, respectively. Several higher ionization energies have also been observed. The valence electronic structures associated with the observed ionization energies and the optimum geometries have been elucidated by ab initio calculations carried out in the present study.     

Structure and Anti-Tumor Activity of Bovine alpha-Lactalbumin after Binding Linoleic AcidSCIEI北大核心CSCD

The structure changes of alpha-lactalbumin after binding oleic acid and linoleic acid, including hydrophobic amino acids, hydrophobic regions, tertiary structure, secondary structure, was studied by intrinsic fluorescence, ANS-binding intrinsic fluorescence and circular dichroism spectrum, respectively. The anti-tumor activity of the lactalbumin-oleic acid complex and lactalbumin-linoleic acid complex was measured using the methylene blue method. It can be seen from the fluorescence spectra that a significant red-shift from 331.07 to 337.67 nm and 337.60 nm of alpha-lactalbumin occurred after binding of oleic acid and linoleic acid, respectively. Together with the ANS-binding spectra, which exhibited a blue-shift (from 516.20 to 514.10 nm and 508.50 nm, respectively) with an increased fluorescence intensity, it can be indicated that binding of oleic acid and linoleic acid lead to the exposure of hydrophobic amino acids and hydrophobic regions. Results of circular dichroism spectra indicated the partial loss of the tertiary structure, and an decrease of beta-turn and random coil, which turn to the p-sheet structure. Furthermore, the antitumor activity of the two complexes was verified on the three types of tumor cells. This study laid a theoretical basis for the development of anti-tumor drugs.     

几种饱和脂肪酸及其盐的拉曼光谱研究

饱和脂肪酸及其盐在自然界中广泛存在,它们也是重要的化工原料。但是有关此类物质拉曼光谱特征的研究尚属少见。为了进一步了解它们的拉曼光谱特征,对乙酸、硬脂酸及乙酸钙、乙酸镁、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁进行了拉曼光谱研究。从指认这6种物质拉曼光谱的特征峰拉曼位移出发,对它们的相应谱峰进行比对与分析,探讨了阳离子的引入对饱和脂肪酸及其盐的拉曼光谱的影响,找出了它们拉曼光谱的差异。比较不同阳离子形成的饱和脂肪酸盐的特征峰拉曼位移的差别,从折合质量和核外电子构型角度解释了造成差异的原因。同时发现了长碳链可以减弱不同阳离子对饱和脂肪酸盐拉曼光谱造成的影响。