带交货期的工件族生产与配送的排序问题

本文考虑了多个客户订购不同种类的工件,工件生产完后需要运输到客户的单机供应链排序问题.由于工件属于不同的种类,在加工不同种类工件前要有一个准备时间.每个客户分布在不同位置,客户的每个工件都有一个交货期,工件是分批配送的,每一批配送需要花费一定的时间及费用.考虑了两个与交货期有关的目标函数,分别给出了它们的最优算法.     

带批运输的两台同型机排序问题的改进算法

研究带批运输的两台同型机排序问题. 在该问题中,工件在两台同型机上加工,完工的工件由一辆容量为z的车运输到客户. 这里假设工件有不同的物理大小,目标是求一个时间表使得所有工件送达客户且车回到机器所在位置的时间最小,给出了一个(14/9+ε)-近似算法     

极小化最大提前完工费用的可中断排序问题

讨论了带截止期限的$n$个工件在单机上加工,工件间存在优先约束,在允许机器空闲的条件下,确定一个工件的可中断排序,极小化最大提前完工费用.首先考虑两种特殊情形:(1)截止期限相同,存在优先约束;(2)截止期限任意,不存在优先约束.针对两种情形分别给出了时间复杂度为$O(n^2)$的算法.在此基础上,考虑普遍情形,即截止期限任意,存在优先约束,也给出了一个时间复杂度为$O(n^2)$的算法.由于工件不允许延迟,问题可能会无可行排序,需先对问题的可行性进行讨论.     

订单带多工类工件时的极小迟后范围问题

本文考虑下述由多工类工件组成的订单的单机排序问题：每一个客户提供一个由若干工件组成的订单,总共n个工件又分成k个类．当机器从加工某类中的工件转向加工不同于它的第i类工件时,需一调整时间si．每一订单有一给定的应交工时间,订单的完工时间定义为该定单所含全部工件完工时的时间．我们希望适当排列这n个工件,使得订单的迟后范围最小．相应这一排序问题,文中依不同的背景给出了以下二种模式：同类工件一起连续加工,工件的完工时间为其所属类中全部工件完工时的时间,用GT,Ba来表示；同类工件一起连续加工,工件的完工时间为其本身的完工时间,用GT,Ja来表示．对于这两种模式的排序同题,我们均证明了其NP-hard性并给出了对应的分枝定界算法．     

机器具有优势关系下的工件加工时间可控的流水作业排序问题

本文主要研究机器具有优势关系下的工件加工时间可控的流水作业排序问题.我们主要对以下两种情形进行了讨论:工件加工时间为线性恶化和线性学习.对于每一种加工模型,我们分别研究了几类不同的优势机器,并且对每种情况均给出了多项式时间算法.     

具有指数和位置学习效应的机器排序问题

本文考虑指数学习效应和位置学习效应同时发生的新的排序模型.工件的实际加工时间不仅依赖于已经加工过工件正常加工时间之和的指数函数,而且依赖于该工件所在的位置.单机排序情形下,对于最大完工时间和总完工时间最小化问题给出多项式时间算法.此外某些特殊情况下,总权完工时间和最大延迟最小化问题也给出了多项时间算法.流水机排序情形,对最大完工时间和总完工时间最小化问题在某些特殊情形下给出多项时间算法.     

工件按加工长度不增序到达的最小化最大流程在线分批排序

研究单处理机工件按加工长度不增顺序到达的在线分批排序问题．工件按时在线到达,目标是最小化最大流程．流程时间是指工件的完工时间与到达时间的差值,它体现了工件在系统内的逗留时间．对于批容量有界的情形,给出了一个竞争比为1＋√5/2的最好可能的在线算法;对于批容量无界的情形,给出了一个竞争比为√2的最好可能的在线算法．     

单机带有可拒绝的供应链排序问题

考虑了单机上带有工件拒绝的供应链排序问题.有多个客户分布在不同区域,每个客户都有一定数量的工件需要在一台机器上进行加工.制造商可以拒绝加工一些工件,但要支付相应的拒绝费用.工件生产完后需要运输到相应的客户处,每一批配送需要花费一定的时间和费用.我们研究了排序理论中主要的几个目标函数,构建了单机情况下的具体模型,分析了问题的复杂性,对具体的问题给出了它们的最优算法.     

机器具有学习效应的供应链排序问题

研究了机器具有学习效应的供应链排序问题.有多个客户分布在不同位置,每个客户都有一定数量的工件需要在一台机器上进行加工.每个客户的工件在机器上加工时具有学习效应,即后面加工的工件实际加工时间是逐渐缩短的.工件生产完后需要运输到相应的客户处,每一批配送需要花费一定的时间和费用.这里研究了供应链排序理论中主要的四个目标函数,分析了这些问题的复杂性,对于一些情况给出了它们的最优算法.     

具有可变配送费用和固定配送时刻的单机排序问题

研究了单机环境下生产与配送的协同排序问题.有多个工件需要在一台机器上进行加工,加工完的工件需要分批配送到一个客户.每批工件只能在固定的几个配送时刻出发,不同的配送时刻对应着不同的配送费用.我们的目标是找到生产与配送的协同排序,极小化排序的时间费用与配送费用的加权和.研究了排序理论中主要的四个目标函数,构建了单机情况下的具体模型,分析了问题的复杂性,对于配送费用单调非增的情况给出了它们的最优算法.     

On-line supply chain scheduling problems with preemption

We consider supply chain scheduling problems where customers release jobs to a manufacturer that has to process the jobs and deliver them to the customers. The jobs are released on-line, that is, at any time there is no information on the number, release and processing times of future jobs; the processing time of a job becomes known when the job is released. Preemption is allowed. To reduce the total costs, processed jobs are grouped into batches, which are delivered to customers as single shipments; we assume that the cost of delivering a batch does not depend on the number of jobs in the batch. The objective is to minimize the total cost, which is the sum of the total flow time and the total delivery cost. For the single-customer problem, we present an on-line two-competitive algorithm, and show that no other on-line algorithm can have a better competitive ratio. We also consider an extension of the algorithm for the case of m customers, and show that its competitive ratio is not greater than 2m if the delivery costs to different customers are equal.     

工件加工时间是开工时间线性函数的单机排序问题

研究了具有线性恶化工件的单机排序问题,其中线性恶化工件指的是工件的加工时间是开工时间的线性增长函数.在一般情况下,对目标函数为极小化完工时间平方和与极小化总误工数问题分别给出了最优算法.此外,在分段情况下,对目标函数为极小化最大完工时间问题也给出了最优算法.     

线形网络上单台车辆分群调度问题

本文研究线形网络上单台车辆分群调度问题:若干客户分布在一条直线上,它们被划分成若干个连续子集,其中每个子集称为一个群;每个客户有一个释放时间和一个服务时间;一台机器服务所有客户,且要求每个群内的客户连续服务;目标为极小化时间表长。该问题分两种形式:返回型和不返回型。返回型的时间表长定义为机器服务完所有客户后返回其初始位置的时间;不返回型的时间表长则定义为所有客户的最大完工时间。我们的结果是:对每个客户服务时间为零的情形,证明了两种形式均可在O(n²) 时间内解决;对每个客户服务时间任意的情形,就返回型和不返回型,分别给出了16/9和13/7近似算法。     

Single-machine scheduling with learning effect and resource-dependent processing times in the serial-batching production

In this paper, we study a single machine scheduling problem by simultaneously considering the processing method of serial-batching, learning effect, resource-dependent processing times, and setup operations. We consider minimizing the makespan as the objective of the studied problem under the constraint that the total resource consumption does not exceed a given limit. For the special case where the resource allocation is given, we first propose the structural properties for job batching policies and batching sequencing, and an optimal batching policy is derived based on these properties. Then, we develop a novel hybrid GSA–TS algorithm which combines the Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) and the Tabu Search (TS) algorithm to solve the general case. Computational experiments with different scales show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.     

Optimal server scheduling in nonpreemptive finite-population queueing systems

We consider a finite-population queueing system with heterogeneous classes of customers and a single server. For the case of nonpreemptive service, we fully characterize the structure of the server's optimal service policy that minimizes the total average customer waiting costs. We show that the optimal service policy may never serve some classes of customers. For those classes that are served, we show that the optimal service policy is a simple static priority policy. We also derive sufficient conditions that determine the optimal priority sequence.     

Scheduling with step-improving processing times

We consider the scheduling problem of minimizing the makespan on a single machine with step-improving job processing times around a common critical date. For this problem we give an NP-hardness proof, a fast pseudo-polynomial time algorithm, an FPTAS, and an on-line algorithm with best possible competitive ratio.     

Optimal methods for batch processing problem with makespan and maximum lateness objectives

In this paper we consider the problem of scheduling n jobs on a single batch processing machine in which jobs are ordered by two customers. Jobs belonging to different customers are processed based on their individual criteria. The considered criteria are minimizing makespan and maximum lateness. A batching machine is able to process up to b jobs simultaneously. The processing time of each batch is equal to the longest processing time of jobs in the batch. This kind of batch processing is called parallel batch processing. Optimal methods for three cases are developed: unbounded batch capacity, b > n, with compatible job groups and bounded batch capacity, b  n, with compatible and non compatible job groups. Each job group represents a different class of customers and the concept of being compatible means that jobs which are ordered by different customers are allowed to be processed in a same batch. We propose an optimal method for the problem with incompatible groups and unbounded batches. About the case when groups are incompatible and bounded batches, our proposed method is considered as optimal when the group with maximum lateness objective has identical processing times. We regard this method, however, as a heuristic when these processing times are different. When groups are compatible and batches are bounded we consider another problem by assuming the same processing times for the group which has the maximum lateness objective and propose an optimal method for this problem.     

基于重新排序的退化工件最小化总延误时间问题

考虑了错位限制下的含有退化工件的重新排序问题,即工件的实际加工时间看作是工件开工时间的线性函数．重新排序就是在原始工件已经按照某种规则使目标函数达到最优时有一新工件集到达,新工件的安排使得原始工件重新排序进而产生错位．研究了最大序列错位和总序列错位限制下的退化工件最小化总延误时间问题,其最优排序的结构性质是使得原始工件集和新工件集中的工件是按加工率αj非减的序列排列,基于此通过分阶段排序和动态规划方法给出了两个问题的多项式时间的最优算法．     

Optimal load sharing in soft real-time systems using likelihood ratios

We consider a load-sharing problem for a multiprocessor system in which jobs have real-time constraints: if the waiting time of a job exceeds a given random amount (called the laxity of the job), then the job is considered lost. To minimize the steady-state probability of loss with respect to the load-sharing parameters, we propose to use the likelihood ratio derivative estimate approach, which has recently been studied for sensitivity analysis of stochastic systems. We formulate a recursive stochastic optimization algorithm using likelihood ratio estimates to solve the optimization problem and provide a proof for almost sure convergence of the algorithm. The algorithm can be used for on-line optimization of the real-time system and does not require a priori knowledge of the arrival rate of customers to the system or the service time and laxity distributions. To illustrate our results, we provide simulation examples.This research was partially supported by an IBM Graduate Fellowship and by the National Science Foundation through Grant No. ECS-87-15217.