具有蜂窝内壁的遮光罩杂散光抑制特性分析

将具有蜂窝内壁结构的遮光罩内的杂散光传播分解为蜂窝结构的散射、内壁等效面传播两个层次的行为。通过建立蜂窝结构的等效面各向异性反射模型,采用蒙特卡罗法模拟获得内壁等效面的双向反射分布函数(BRDF)。以此为基础,再次采用蒙特卡罗法模拟遮光罩内壁等效面的杂散光传播过程,分析了该类遮光罩的杂散光抑制特性,并讨论了蜂窝高度和涂层反射率的影响。结果表明,遮光罩内壁蜂窝结构有很好的杂散光抑制作用;蜂窝高度与边长之比δ≥1时,遮光罩的抑制能力不再变化,降低涂层反射率能够有效地增强抑制效果。     

红外探测系统自身热辐射杂散光的分析

设计了Ritchey-Chretien(R-C)型红外探测系统及其遮光罩,运用软件TracePro建立了结构模型,通过光线追迹分析了系统的几个关键内表面自身热辐射杂散光。给出了温度范围为250K~320K时,几个关键内表面热辐射产生的杂散光光子数随温度变化的关系。计算了天空背景的杂散光,同时给出了单像元接收到的杂散光光子数增加的速率随温度变化的关系。分析结果表明,常温下使用没有主镜筒的开架式望远镜结构对减小杂散光的效果并不明显。如果要实现背景限探测,系统主镜内遮光罩的温度至少降低至230K。     

遮光罩内壁蜂窝结构单元的双向反射特性

内壁蜂窝结构是决定遮光罩杂散光抑制性能的主要因素,掌握其各向异性辐射传输特性对遮光罩的杂散光分析和优化设计具有重要意义.针对蜂窝结构单元,建立辐射传输模型,导出了表面双向反射分布函数的离散表达式;通过蒙特卡罗法模拟蜂窝结构单元的辐射传输过程,分析了几何参量和涂层反射率对等效面反射特性的影响;根据模拟所得双向反射分布函数数据库,建立了用于遮光罩杂散光分析的蜂窝结构等效面的反射特性概率模型.分析结果表明,蜂窝结构对杂散光呈现很强的后向散射特征,等效面的反射特性概率模型与直接模拟结果符合很好,可用于遮光罩杂散光分析和设计.     

遮光罩内壁蜂窝结构单元的双向反射特性

内壁蜂窝结构是决定遮光罩杂散光抑制性能的主要因素,掌握其各向异性辐射传输特性对遮光罩的杂散光分析和优化设计具有重要意义.针对蜂窝结构单元,建立辐射传输模型,导出了表面双向反射分布函数的离散表达式;通过蒙特卡罗法模拟蜂窝结构单元的辐射传输过程,分析了几何参量和涂层反射率对等效面反射特性的影响;根据模拟所得双向反射分布函数数据库,建立了用于遮光罩杂散光分析的蜂窝结构等效面的反射特性概率模型.分析结果表明,蜂窝结构对杂散光呈现很强的后向散射特征,等效面的反射特性概率模型与直接模拟结果符合很好,可用于遮光罩杂散光分析和设计.     

星载多波段红外光学系统的杂散辐射分析

引入反向蒙特卡罗法与双向蒙特卡罗法对红外光学系统的杂散辐射进行分析,基于光谱辐射传递因子导出了焦平面辐射能流计算式.以某星载多波段红外光学系统为例,在检验计算可靠性的基础上,模拟了各波段辐射能从地球背景和光机内壁面到焦平面的传播过程,分析了壁面吸收率与温度的影响.结果表明,采用双向蒙特卡罗法可有效地模拟辐射能从地球向星载光学系统焦平面的传播过程,采用反向蒙特卡罗法可容易地分析光机内部热辐射的影响;光机内壁面吸收率对视场外杂散辐射的传播有很大影响,温度高于250 K的光机内壁面热辐射成为主要的杂散光源.     

提高超高能中子计算效率的蒙特卡罗抽样技巧

利用蒙特卡罗方法模拟中子与中子碰撞及超高能中子的产生与输运,原有抽样方法需要模拟大量样本方能使与超高能中子有关统计量的计算误差达到要求.针对ICF聚变靶中子输运问题的特点,发展一种"加权赌分裂抽样方法",以增加重要区域的抽样数、减少非重要区域的抽样数,同时通过权修正保证计算结果无偏.典型模型数值模拟计算结果显示,该方法能够有效增加聚变区的中子抽样数、增加中子相互碰撞数,使超高能中子通量计算误差显著降低,达到提高超高能中子计算效率的目的.     

光学透镜边缘杂散光的消除

<正> 一、光学透镜边缘杂散光在现代精密光学仪器制造工业中,要想进一步提高各种光学仪器的成象质量,就必须考虑光学系统的杂散光。然而,光学透镜边缘毛面所产生的杂散光是一个很特殊的问题。国内对此常常不够重视,国外则十分注意这一问题。大家知道,一台光学仪器在成象的光学系统中,形成物体的实象时除了成象光线外,还有非成象光线在象面上扩散,这些非成象光线(即杂散光)非常有害。其中很大一部分来自光学透镜边缘毛面,因为光学透镜边缘毛面是用磨料经机械加工形成的一个粗糙表面,当不同波长的光线经过光学仪器的透镜系统时,就会在光学透镜组的毛面发生反射、散射,形成所谓二次和高次杂散光,透镜数目越多,杂散光量也越大,致使象质变坏。如果散杂光严重到足够程度的话,将使光学仪器的鉴别率降低,以致不能有效观察,从而降低了仪器使用效能。有时在实际检验和测量透镜质量时也会     

光锥聚光性能分析

推导了光线在光锥中传播的轨迹方程,利用Matlab进行仿真分析,得到了平行光和杂散光入射光锥后的传播情况。结果表明,光锥对大入射角的平行光的聚集能力较好,对杂散光会聚增益较小,在非视线光通信中只适宜作为不同光学元件的结合部。     

毛细管阵列电泳检测过程中的杂散光分析

建立了激光诱导荧光检测系统.采用光学仿真方法,建立与实际光学系统相同的模型.模拟表明:聚焦光束扫描毛细管阵列,轴上光束入射到毛细管内径中心时产生的杂散光最大,在两边逐渐减小.由毛细管产生的杂散光的平均光强是无毛细管时的2.725倍,说明由它产生的杂散光比较严重.对不同大小的内径产生的杂散光影响进行了分析比较,增大毛细管的内径,杂散光增大,但毛细管内径减小会使进样量少,检测困难,同时还会加大清洗与灌胶的难度.综合考虑,选取内径为50 μm的毛细管较为合适.利用自行设计的激光诱导荧光检测系统扫描毛细管阵列,进行了杂散光检测实验,光电倍增管记录所收集到的信号,作出了激光束扫描毛细管的不同位置时的杂散光信号强度分布图,实验与模拟结果相一致.     

共形光学系统瞬时视场外杂散光的分析及处理

针对空间成像光学系统的像质容易受到瞬时视场外杂散辐射的影响,利用杂散光分析软件建立一个共形光学系统光学机械结构模型,并对其进行反向光线追迹,从而确定出该系统中对瞬时视场外杂散辐射光的聚集贡献较大的关键表面及视场外杂散辐射光的主要传递路径.采用在系统中加入多级挡光环辅助结构的方式获得了100%的瞬时视场外杂散光屏蔽效果.该设计方案具有简单易行的特点.     

积雪混合像元光谱特征观测及解混方法比较

积雪混合像元分解方法研究及积雪比例产品的发展是积雪遥感的重要研究方向。在我国北疆地区利用SVC HR-1024野外便携式光谱仪观测了已知积雪比例的混合像元光谱特征并进行系统分析,同时,采用四种混合像元分解模型对实测光谱进行解混及精度评价。结果表明反射率随积雪比例均匀下降并不呈均匀的线性变化,在不同波段呈非线性变化特征,积雪像元解混精度与观测尺度的不同有一定的联系,尺度越小,解混精度越低;进一步对实测光谱的解混结果表明,线性回归法精度较低,特别是对于积雪比例小于50%的解混结果不准确,稀疏回归解混法和非负矩阵解混法略高于线性混合像元分解法,但线性混合像元分解法运算效率最高,稀疏回归解混法运算效率最低,当对遥感图像进行解混时,要综合考虑四种方法的计算效率。通过将推动积雪混合像元分解定量遥感研究,并为遥感影像准确提取积雪比例提供理论依据。     

An efficient S-DDM iterative approach for compressible contamination fluid flows in porous media

In this paper, we develop an efficient splitting domain decomposition method (S-DDM) for compressible contamination fluid flows in porous media over multiple block-divided sub-domains by combining the non-overlapping domain decomposition, splitting, linearization and extrapolation techniques. The proposed S-DDM iterative approach divides the large domain into multiple block sub-domains. In each time interval, the S-DDM scheme is applied to solve the water head equation, in which an efficient local multilevel scheme is used for computing the values of water head on the interfaces of sub-domains, and the splitting implicit scheme is used for computing the interior values of water head in sub-domains; and the S-DDM scheme is then proposed to solve the concentration equation by combining the upstream volume technique. Numerical experiments are performed and analyzed to illustrate the efficiency of the S-DDM iterative approach for simulating compressible contamination fluid flows in porous media. The developed method takes the excellent attractive advantages of both the non-overlapping domain decomposition and the splitting technique, and reduces computational complexities, large memory requirements and long computational durations.     

Revisiting iterative time reversal processing: application to detection of multiple targets

The iterative time reversal processing represents a high speed and easy way to self-focus on the strongest scatterer in a multitarget medium. However, finding weaker scatterers is a more difficult task that can be solved by computing the eigenvalue and eigenvector decomposition of the time reversal operator, the so-called DORT method. Nevertheless, as it requires the measurement of the complete interelements response matrix and time-consuming computation, the separation of multiple targets may not be achieved in real time. In this study, a new real time technique is proposed for multitarget selective focusing that does not require the experimental acquisition of the time reversal operator. This technique achieves the operator decomposition using a particular sequence of filtered waves propagation instead of computational power. Due to its simplicity of implementation, this iterative process can be achieved in real time. This high speed selective focusing is experimentally demonstrated by detecting targets through a heterogeneous medium and in a speckle environment. A theoretical analysis compares this technique to the DORT formalism.     

A three-dimensional finite element approach for predicting the transmission loss in mufflers and silencers with no mean flow

A three-dimensional finite element method has been implemented to predict the transmission loss of a packed muffler and a parallel baffle silencer for a given frequency range. Iso-parametric quadratic tetrahedral elements have been chosen due to their flexibility and accuracy in modeling geometries with curved surfaces. For accurate physical representation, perforated plates are modeled with complex acoustic impedance while absorption linings are modeled as a bulk media with a complex speed of sound and mean density. Domain decomposition and parallel processing techniques are applied to address the high computational and memory requirements. The comparison of the computationally predicted and the experimentally measured transmission loss shows a good agreement.     

基于静态双重区域分解的两种接触并行算法

CHAP3D是北京应用物理与计算数学研究所自主研发的Lagrange通用弹塑性流体力学分析程序.文章介绍了在CHAP3D程序中使用的、针对多处理器集群的、基于静态双重区域分解的两种接触并行算法.第一种是分配单个完整接触面的接触并行算法，此算法将一对完整的接触面分配到一个处理器上，并建立计算域与接触域的通信关系.此接触并行算法的优点是简单，在具有接触面的处理器上可以直接使用串行的接触搜索算法和接触力耦合计算算法.另一种是主面剖分区域分解的接触并行算法，此算法将所有接触面的主面区域分解到所有处理器上.须建立计算域与接触域以及接触域内各处理器间的两种通信关系.该接触并行算法是一个负载平衡的并行算法，具有很好的并行效率和可扩展性.数值算例显示，这两种接触并行算法都能够很好地模拟多种不同类型的接触问题.      

Computation of scattering from N spheres using multipole reexpansion

A computational technique for the solution of problems of wave scattering from multiple spheres is developed. This technique, based on the T-matrix method, uses the theory for the translation and reexpansion of multipole solutions of the Helmholtz equation for fast and exact recursive computation of the matrix elements. The spheres can have prescribed radii, impedances, and locations. Results are validated by comparison with boundary element calculations, and by convergence analyses. The method is much faster than numerical methods based on discretization of space, or of the sphere surfaces. An even faster method is presented for the case when the spheres are aligned coaxially.     

Detailed numerical simulation of laminar flames by a parallel multiblock algorithm using loosely coupled computers

A parallel algorithm for the detailed multidimensional numerical simulation of laminar flames able to work efficiently with loosely coupled computers is described. The governing equations have been discretized using the finite volume technique over staggered grids. A SIMPLE-like method has been employed to solve the velocity–pressure fields while the species equations have been calculated in a segregated manner using an operator-splitting technique. The domain decomposition method is used to optimize the domain's discretization and to parallelize the code. The main attributes and limitations, together with the computational features (computational effort, parallel performance, memory requirements, etc), are shown, taking into account different degrees of chemical modelling and two benchmark problems: a premixed methane/air laminar flat flame and a confined co-flow non-premixed methane/air laminar flame. In order to assess the validity of the numerical solutions, a post-processing procedure, based on the generalized Richardson extrapolation for h-refinement studies and on the grid convergence index, has been used.     

Exploring the molecular mechanisms of reactions at surfaces

The study of the molecular mechanism of chemical reactions occurring at solid surfaces is of primary importance to understand heterogeneous catalysis from a microscopic point of view. The present paper reviews the state of the art methods of electronic structure and the surface models currently used in this type of studies by making use of three different examples. Those are the decomposition of azomethane on Pt(111), the study of the different selectivity of Cu(111) and Ag(111) towards ethene partial oxidation and the comparative study of NO dissociation on Rh(111) and bimetallic RhCu(111) surfaces. These examples illustrate the power of the electronic structure computational approaches to predict the structure and stability of different intermediates and to unravel the molecular mechanism of these surface reactions.     

Optical greyscale morphological transformations

Greyscale morphology is more efficient and useful for processing greyscale image. It is the extension of binary morphology by use of a min or max operations. Optics is suitable for the implementation of morphological transformations because of its parallelism. However, greyscale morphology with both greyscale images and greyscale structuring elements is difficult to realize threshold decomposition since it does not commute with threshold. We propose a correlation approach for greyscale morphological transformations using area-coding technique to represent the umbra of surfaces of both greyscale image and greyscale structuring element. A primary experiment of greyscale dilation is presented.     

非匹配网格上广义Stokes问题的区域分裂解法及事后误差估算

发展了一种广义Stokes问题的无覆盖区域分裂解法。子域交界面上的约束条件是通过引入一Lagrange乘子而得到弱满足的,在有限元离散子域的交界处网格可以是非匹配的。应用Petrov Galerkin方法解每个子域上的广义Stokes问题,而交界面上的Lagrange乘子则通过共轭梯度法迭代求解,各变量均由线性函数离散。对上述区域分裂解法,还构造了基于求解当地问题的误差事后估算方法。各变量的当地误差估算器定义在二阶非连续鼓包(bump)函数的空间中。最后给出了基于事后误差估算值的自适应网格上的数值结果。