AlK壳层等离子体辐射谱模型的比对

碰撞辐射模型的比对研究对校验发展等离子体辐射谱模型、提高等离子体参数的诊断精度具有重要意义. 基于Al等离子体, 对常用的辐射模型代码FAC和FLYCHK K壳层辐射谱模型开展了比对研究, 详细比较了它们的离子丰度、特征线强度、谱发射率曲线和吸收系数曲线等特征, 并根据各能态的速率方程, 从FAC和FLYCHK模型的结构特点出发, 分析了造成这些差异的原因. FAC 和FLYCHK计算得到的类H、类He离子n=2, n=3激发态数密度有显著差异, 进而引起特征线发射率及其比值(He-IC/He-αup, He-βup/H-βup)的差异, 从而对等离子体参数的诊断结果产生影响. 除了模型中采用的能级结构和碰撞辐射过程速率外, 计算结果显著地受到FAC 和FLYCHK 模型结构的影响. n=2激发态数密度的差异是由FAC和FLYCHK分别采用能级和超组态(组态)的方式构建n=2激发态的速率方程而引起的, 而FAC代码忽略了n=3与更高激发态之间的碰撞耦合过程, 是引起n=3激发态数密度差异的原因. 主要特征线的吸收系数与基态能级的数密度相关, 受到激发态数密度的影响较小, 因此与谱发射率曲线相比, FAC和FLYCHK计算结果的差异更小.     

Effect of radiative cooling on collapsing charged grains

The effect of the radiative cooling of electrons on the gravitational collapse of cold dust grains with fluctuating electric charge is investigated. We find that the radiative cooling as well as the charge fluctuations, both, enhance the growth rate of the Jeans instability. However, the Jeans length, which is zero for cold grains and nonradiative plasma, becomes finite in the presence of radiative cooling of electrons and is further enhanced due to charge fluctuations of grains resulting in an increased threshold of the spatial scale for the Jeans instability.     

仿生辐射制冷的研究进展

辐射制冷是一种通过光谱调控来实现降温的新型制冷技术,相比于传统的主动制冷技术,如吸收式制冷、压缩制冷等,具有独特的优势,在环境保护和能源利用方面具有重要意义.本文首先从辐射制冷的基本原理出发,介绍了自然界中生物所具有的辐射降温特性.不同生物通过其材料、微观结构、行为等实现辐射制冷调控,为人类探究新型辐射制冷材料和器件带来了启发.本文也归纳了生物的辐射制冷机制,总结了生物结构的优化方法,并介绍了当前仿生辐射制冷的研究进展,对仿生辐射制冷的研究方向、应用前景和材料制备方法进行了展望.高功率、智能化的辐射制冷材料和器件是未来仿生辐射制冷的重要发展方向,先进微纳加工技术的融入将使仿生辐射制冷在未来具有更广阔的市场和应用.     

燃烧室出口辐射对气膜冷却传热影响研究

燃气轮机高温透平中包含对流／导热／辐射等复杂传热现象。本文依托高温流热固耦合实验台,提出燃烧室与透平联合计算的方法,采用数值模拟和实验对比的方式分析了平板气膜冷却的对流／导热／辐射传热特性。同时研究了不同燃气吸收系数以及不同进口辐射条件对于平板气膜冷却的表面温度分布的影响。结果表明：辐射传热是燃气轮机首级高温叶片传热特性的重要影响因素,辐射传热使得实验平板温度抬升50-70K,燃烧室／透平联合计算方法有效地分析了燃烧室出口辐射强度对高温平板气膜冷却辐射传热的影响;高温燃气辐射特性对于平板温度分布具有明显影响。     

纳米光学辐射传热:从热辐射增强理论到辐射制冷应用

热辐射作为一种无处不在的物理现象,对于科学研究和工程应用都具有重要意义.传统上对热辐射的理解主要是基于普朗克定律,它描述了物体通过辐射交换能量的能力.而近年来的研究表明,由于微纳光学材料在尺寸上远小于热辐射峰值波长,它们的热辐射性质往往很大程度上有别于传统黑体辐射理论所描述的宏观物体.更重要的是,微纳光学材料的热辐射性质可以通过改变它们的几何尺寸和微观构型进行定量的优化设计与精确调控.纳米光学材料与辐射制冷效应的结合,给热辐射效应在能源和环境等相关领域的应用提供了极具前景的应用价值.本文首先从热辐射的基本原理和规律出发,介绍纳米结构热辐射增强的发展进程和最新进展,包括二维材料间的近场热辐射机理以及尺寸效应导致的远场热辐射增强;其次,介绍了近年来纳米光学材料在辐射制冷应用中的重大进展,包括可以实现高效日间辐射制冷的各种纳米光学材料设计;最后,进一步介绍了日间辐射制冷的各种实际应用,包括建筑物制冷、冷凝水收集、舒适衣物与太阳能电池降温等.此外,展望了纳米光学材料的辐射制冷技术在推动荒漠生态环境的治理与改造方面的广阔未来.     

Ab initio study of the feasibility of laser cooling of ScO molecule

ABSTRACT

Using ab initio quantum chemistry method, the feasibility of laser cooling ScO was investigated. The ground state Χ²Σ⁺ and low-lying excited states Α²Π, Α′²Δ are calculated at the multi-reference configuration interaction (MRCI) level of theory. The calculated spectroscopic constants are in good agreement with available theoretical and experimental results. At the MRCI level of theory with Davidson correction, the permanent dipole moments of the Χ²Σ⁺ and Α²Π states of ScO are also calculated. The highly diagonally distributed Franck–Condon factors and shorter radiative lifetime for the Α²Π→Χ²Σ⁺ transition are calculated with the corresponding potential energy curves and transition dipole moment. Although there is an intermediate state Α′²Δ, the loss will be dominated by branching to the intermediate electronic state Α′²Δ at a level of η < 1.4 × 10^?4. These results demonstrate the probability of laser cooling of ScO, and we provide a promising laser-cooling scheme for ScO molecule.     

Properties of plasma radiation during discharges with improved confinement on HL-2A Tokamak

In the recent experiment on the HL-2A tokamak,two types of improved confinement regimes have been achieved in different configurations.One is the improved confinement regime in limiter configuration during electron cyclotron resonant heating (ECRH),characterized by a sharp decrease in H α emission accompanied by an increase in the total radiation of plasma,the line averaged electron density and the stored energy of plasma.The other is high confinement regime (H-mode) in divertor configuration during a combination of ECRH and Neutral beam injection (NBI) heating,characterized with edge localized modes (ELMs) besides the features mentioned above.The ELMs are found to be localized on the plasma edge (r/a ≥ 0.8),causing average losses of particles and stored energy in the ranges of about 1-3% and 3-5% respectively during a single ELM event.So far,the ELMs observed in the HL-2A are type III ELMs with low amplitude and high repetition frequency in a range from 200 Hz to 350 Hz.An investigation of the radiated power density profiles shows that radiative cooling effect plays a significant role in the transition back to the L-mode and the triggering of ELM events.     

Commissioning of electron cooling in CSRm

A new generation electron cooler has started operation in the heavy ion synchrotron CSRm which is used to increase the intensity of heavy ions. Transverse cooling of the ion beam after horizontal multi-turn injection allows beam accumulation at the injection energy. After optimization of the accumulation process an intensity increase in a synchrotron pulse by more than one order of magnitude has been achieved. In given accumulation time interval of 10 seconds, 108 particles have been accumulated and accelerated to the final energy. The momentum spread after accumulation and acceleration in the 10-4 range has been demonstrated in six species of ion beams. Primary measurements of accumulation process varying with electron energy, electron beam current, electron beam profile, expansion factor and injection interval have been performed. The lifetimes of ion beams in the presence of electron beams were roughly measured with the help of DCCT signal.     

Commissioning of electron cooling in CSRe

The 400 MeV/u 12C6+ion beam was successfully cooled by the intensive electron beam near 1 A in CSRe.The momentum cooling time was estimated near 15 s.The cooling force was measured in the cases of different electron beam profiles,and the different angles between the ion beam and electron beam.The lifetime of the ion beam in CSRe was over 80 h.The dispersion in the cooling section was confirmed as positive close to zero.The beam sizes before cooling and after cooling were measured by the moving screen.The beam diameter after cooling was about 1 mm.The bunch length was measured with the help of the signals from the beam position monitor.The diffusion was studied in the absence of the electron beam.     

草地下垫面地表温度与近地面气温的对比研究

地表温度是气候系统中的关键参数,它与近地面气温的差异极大地影响着地-气界面上能量和水汽通量的交换。根据大气辐射国际联合观测网合肥站2002年9月至2005年8月三年期间无云晴天的地面观测资料,研究了该地区草地下垫面的地表温度(辐射测温法)和近地面气温的年变化、季节变化和日分布特征。着重讨论了两者差值的变化情况以及两者的相关性,提出了基于近地面气温的地表温度的经验计算方法。研究发现,当地表比辐射率ε的取值范围为0.94～1.00时,ε每改变0.01,草地地表温度的平均变化小于0.2 K。该研究结果可为卫星资料的地面验证提供参考。     

激光冷却OH分子的理论研究

采用高精度的多参考组态相互作用方法计算OH分子基态和第一激发态的势能曲线.为获得更精确的计算结果,在计算过程中考虑Davidson修正、标量相对论效应、核价相关效应和自旋轨道耦合效应.基于计算的Λ-S和?态的势能曲线,对一维径向薛定谔方程进行数值求解,得到各个电子态的光谱数据,与已报道的实验值和理论值相符合.获得OH分子的永久偶极矩、跃迁偶极矩、振动能级、Franck-Condon因子及辐射寿命,结果表明,A~2Σ~+→X~2Π跃迁具有高度对角化的Franck-Condon因子(0.9053)和短的辐射寿命(5.8363×10~(-7)s),符合激光冷却分子的条件.制定了激光冷却OH分子的具体方案,计算得到激光冷却跃迁A~2Σ~+→X~2Π所需的三束激光波长,主光束波长为307.1532 nm,两束重抽运激光波长为344.9163和349.7659 nm.计算结果为超冷OH分子的实验制备提供重要的理论依据.     

热辐射体真实温度的测试研究

在辐射测温中，普遍存在一个问题，被测温度物体表面发射率影响很大，而物体的发射率很难确测量，这是因为发射率不仅与材料有关，而且还与波长，温度，表面状态（表面粗糙度，氧化程度等）有关，本文叙述一种利用多波长辐射法测量实际物体真实温度的方法，该方法利用最小二乘法原理拟合出实际热辐射体的光谱发射率曲线，从而使测量目标的真实温度成为可能。