液滴碰撞液膜润湿壁面空气夹带数值分析

采用复合水平集-流体体积法并综合考虑传热及接触热阻的作用, 对液滴碰撞液膜润湿壁面空气夹带现象进行了数值分析. 揭示了夹带空气形成机理, 探索了夹带空气特性参数随碰撞速度和液膜厚度的变化规律, 获得了夹带空气作用下液滴碰撞润湿壁面的传热机理. 研究结果表明: 撞壁前气液两相压力差是引起气液相界面拓扑结构变化以及夹带空气形成的主要原因; 液滴碰撞速度与压缩空气层内压力以及相界面形变高度密切相关; 液滴接触液膜时, 碰撞轴上液滴底部和液膜表面速度相等, 大约是碰撞速度的1/2; 碰撞速度对夹带空气层底部到破碎点的无量纲弧长和最大无量纲夹带空气直径均存在较大的影响; 液滴和液膜的无量纲形变高度与斯托克斯数密切相关; 液膜初始厚度对液滴和液膜的无量纲形变高度和最大无量纲夹带空气直径影响较大; 撞壁初始阶段, 碰撞中心区域夹带空气对壁面热流密度分布存在较大的影响.     

Phase-field modeling droplet dynamics with soluble surfactants

Using lattice Boltzmann approach, a phase-field model is proposed for simulating droplet motion with soluble surfactants. The model can recover the Langmuir and Frumkin adsorption isotherms in equilibrium. From the equilibrium equation of state, we can determine the interfacial tension lowering scale according to the interface surfactant concentration. The model is able to capture short-time and long-time adsorption dynamics of surfactants. We apply the model to examine the effect of soluble surfactants on droplet deformation, breakup and coalescence. The increase of surfactant concentration and attractive lateral interaction can enhance droplet deformation, promote droplet breakup, and inhibit droplet coalescence. We also demonstrate that the Marangoni stresses can reduce the interface mobility and slow down the film drainage process, thus acting as an additional repulsive force to prevent the droplet coalescence.     

单液滴正碰球面动态行为特性实验研究

在考虑空气阻力影响,确定液滴撞击球面速度的基础上,对较高韦伯数液滴撞击干燥球面动态行为过程进行了实验研究,分析了球面曲率与韦伯数对液滴撞击行为和铺展因子的影响,并与前人撞击平面结果进行了对比.实验表明,靠近撞击球面时,液滴降落速度出现明显波动;球面曲率对液滴撞击后行为影响明显,曲率较大时,液滴撞击后铺展液膜会超出球面直径并滑落,曲率较小时,液滴撞击后在球面上呈现明显的铺展、回缩、震荡、着附动态变化行为,此时最大铺展因子受曲率影响小,随曲率减小,逐渐趋向于撞击平面时的最大铺展因子;韦伯数对液膜铺展速率影响较小,但对液膜回缩时间影响明显,最大铺展因子随韦伯数增加逐渐增大,获得的关联式呈指数变化.     

液滴撞击液膜过程的格子Boltzmann方法模拟

本文采用格子Boltzmann方法对液滴撞击液膜过程进行了研究, 主要考察了雷诺数(Re)、韦伯数(We)、相对液膜厚度 (h) 以及表面张力 (σ) 等物理参数对界面运动过程的影响. 首先, 随着Re数和We数的增加, 可以明显观察到液滴撞击液膜过程中形成的皇冠状水花以及卷吸现象; 当Re数较大时, 液体会发生飞溅, 由液体飞溅形成的小液滴则会继续下落, 并与液膜再次发生碰撞. 其次, 当相对液膜厚度较小时, 液滴撞击液膜并最终导致液膜断裂; 然而随着相对液膜厚度的增大, 尽管撞击过程溅起的液体会越来越多, 但是液膜并不会发生断裂. 再次, 随着表面张力的增大, 界面变形阻力增大, 撞击过程中产生的界面形变也逐渐减弱. 最后还发现皇冠(由液滴溅起形成)半径r 随时间满足r/(2R) ≈ α√Ut/(2R), 这一结果与已有结论是一致的.     

液滴冲击液膜过程实验研究

实验显示了液滴撞击物体表面液膜后产生水花、发生飞溅,特别是产生“钟形”水花等的流动现象.根据实验结果,探讨了液滴冲击速度、液体黏性、表面张力、液滴直径和液膜厚度等对液滴冲击后产生的流动现象,以及液膜形状演化的影响,分析了观测到的鲜有文献报道的液滴撞击液膜后产生“钟形”水花的现象. 关键词： 液滴 液膜 冲击 流动显示     

双液滴撞击平面液膜的流动与传热特性

采用耦合的水平集-体积分数法(CLSVOF)对双液滴连续撞击恒定壁温壁面上的热液膜的流动和换热特性进行了数值模拟及分析,得到了双液滴撞击热液膜后形态演变的过程.分析了液滴垂直间距、撞击速度、液膜厚度以及液滴直径对双液滴撞击液膜后的流动与传热特性的影响,结果显示,壁面平均热流密度随液滴撞击速度的增大而增大,液滴垂直间距、液膜厚度和液滴直径对平均热流密度的影响较小,但会对热流密度在撞击区域和交界区的分布产生重要影响.     

A GENERAL HEAT TRANSFER CORRELATION FOR IMPACTING WATER SPRAYS ON HIGH-TEMPERATURE SURFACES

A method for the general correlation of heat transfer effectiveness for sprays impacting vertically downward on a high-temperature surface has been developed. A dimensional analysis showed that the mass velocity of the spray can be substituted for the droplet velocity in the droplet Reynolds and Weber numbers, greatly improving the correlation with the heat flux data in the film boiling regime. The spray Reynolds number, defined as Re s = Gd/ w , and spray Weber number, We s = G 2 d/ 𝜌 σ , were shown to correlate data from many authors covering a wide range of spray parameters. This correlation supports the results of previous parametric experiments, and is analogous to correlations developed for the critical heat flux of sprays and circular jets. Dependence of the heat transfer performance on spray mass flux and droplet diameter represents the influence of the overall heat transfer capacity of the spray as well as the contribution of droplet interactions. The Leidenfrost temperature of the spray was also shown to be dependent on the spray Weber number.     

Numerical simulation of two droplets impacting upon a dynamic liquid film

The impact of droplets on the liquid film is widely involved in industrial and agricultural fields. In recent years, plenty of works are limited to dry walls or stationary liquid films, and the research of multi-droplet impact dynamic films is not sufficient. Based on this, this paper employs a coupled level set and volume of fluid (CLSVOF) method to numerically simulate two-droplet impingement on a dynamic liquid film. In our work, the dynamic film thickness, horizontal central distance between the droplets, droplets' initial impact speed, and simultaneously the flow velocity of the moving film are analyzed. The evolution phenomenon and mechanism caused by the collision are analyzed in detail. We find that within a certain period of time, the droplet spacing does not affect the peripheral crown height; when the droplet spacing decreases or the initial impact velocity increases, the height of the peripheral crown increases at the beginning, and then, because the crown splashed under Rayleigh-Plateau instability, this results in the reduction of the crown height. At the same time, it is found that when the initial impact velocity increases, the angle between the upstream peripheral jet and the dynamic film becomes larger. The more obvious the horizontal movement characteristics, the more restrained the crown height; the spread length increases with the increase of the dynamic film speed, droplet spacing and the initial impact velocity. When the liquid film is thicker, more fluid enters the crown, due to the crown being unstable, the surface tension is not enough to overcome the weight of the rim at the end of the crown, resulting in droplets falling off.     

局部沸腾液滴内部气泡动态行为研究

本文采用微加热器对液滴进行局部加热,并对其蒸发沸腾现象进行了可视化研究。液滴局部加热后产生局部沸腾现象,内部生成单气泡,气泡附着在加热基板上,持续生长,当达到某个临界点气泡破裂。在加热初期,气泡生长速度很快,随着加热过程的不断进行,气泡的生长速度逐渐放缓;随着气泡生长顺序的不断推迟,最大直径减小;加热功率的提升会增加气泡的生长速度,缩短气泡的生长时间。通过对气泡破裂过程的研究,气泡破碎过程开始于气泡上方的液膜断裂,形成不稳定的瑞利流和向上喷射的液滴,在表面张力的作用下,恢复初始状态,气泡破裂直径大小会影响液滴的波动幅度与周期。     

高雷诺数下降液膜流动换热分析

本文分析了降液膜高雷诺数区域换热系数随液膜长度变化趋势,引出临界长度的概念。在较高雷诺数的湍流区,回流区的存在以及表面波的影响能有效地减少局部薄膜厚度并增加对流换热,流速的增加进一步强化换热,增加降膜整体传热系数。在高雷诺数区域,厚度形成的热阻超过回流的增强作用,而使换热削弱。液膜小于临界长度L换热系数随长度增长而增加,大于L换热系数随液膜增长而减小。     

T型微通道中液滴半阻塞不对称分裂行为研究

液滴不对称分裂是获得不同尺寸微液滴的优选方法,研究液滴不对称分裂行为对于生物医学、能源化工及食品工程等领域具有重要意义.本文研制T型微通道芯片并设计搭建T型微通道液滴半阻塞不对称分裂行为可视化实验平台,研究流量调控对微液滴分裂比的影响规律,并建立理论模型对分裂比进行预测,得到以下结论:液滴不对称挤压分裂过程分为挤压前期、挤压后期和快速夹断阶段,在挤压前期,液滴颈部宽度随时间呈线性变化,在挤压后期,颈部宽度随时间呈指数关系,而在快速夹断阶段,液滴颈部向心收缩的界面附加压力占主导,液滴颈部宽度剧烈收缩,呈断崖式减小;调控分支通道流量可对液滴不对称分裂比进行调控,且调控作用受毛细数影响较大;基于液液流动压降模型的液滴分裂比预测模型能够有效预测液滴分裂比.     

Transition from symmetric to asymmetric scaling function before drop pinch-off

The drop pinch-off at a nozzle is studied experimentally for a glycerin-water mixture in surrounding air. The neck diameter of the fluid shrinks with constant velocity. After a distinct transition point, the shrink velocity switches to a smaller value. Before that transition point, the shape of the neck can well be described by a symmetric scaling function, as obtained from Stokes-flow theory of drop formation. This function gives way to an asymmetric scaling function in the final stage before pinch-off.     

液滴碰撞Janus颗粒球表面的行为特征

为研究液滴碰撞Janus颗粒(双亲性)球表面的独特行为特征,以粒径为5.0 mm铜球为材料制备了Janus颗粒,用直径为2.0 mm的液滴,在韦伯数(We)为2.7,10,20,30的测试情况下对Janus颗粒球表面进行了碰撞实验.结果表明:液滴碰撞Janus颗粒球表面后的运动可分为铺展、回缩、振荡和回弹4个过程.在不...     

激光驱动飞片加速特征分析

在激光驱动飞片研究中,飞片的加速特征是需要认识的关键问题之一。设计了强激光作用金属膜驱动飞片实验,采用聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）压电薄膜测量了飞片到达不同距离的时间,计算得到飞片速度和加速度,分析激光能量对飞片加速性能的影响。基于Gurney能理论,建立了激光驱动飞片速度的计算模型,根据实验结果获得了激光能量损失系数和有效吸收系数,分析了激光能量和膜体厚度对飞片速度的影响。实验结果表明:不同激光能量下飞片的加速特征基本相似,激光能量变化对飞片的加速时间影响较小; 激光能量较大的情况下,膜体厚度对飞片最大速度、能量耦合系数的影响更显著; 当膜体超过一定厚度时,能量耦合系数不再增加。     

微流控法二乙烯基苯乳液粒子成型机理研究

采用相界面跟踪(V()F)数值模拟方法,研究了轴流型微流控芯片中流速比、界面张力、粘度等对乳液粒子粒径的影响。模拟结果表明:乳液粒子粒径与流速比的对数存在线性关系,在一定范围内,当流速比增大时,粒径变小;当界面张力小于0.025 N/m时,乳液粒径随界面张力增大而增加,当界面张力超过0.03N/m时,乳液粒径变化趋于平缓;分散相粘度对乳液粒径的影响甚微。以聚乙烯醇(PVA)水溶液为连续相,二乙烯基苯(DVB)溶液为分散相,采用自制的聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)轴流型微流控芯进行了DVB乳液粒子成型实验研究,获得了0.5~3.0 mm的DVB乳液粒子。     

固化温度对聚苯乙烯空心微球质量的影响

在乳液微封装技术制备聚苯乙烯空心微球的工艺中,固化过程是决定微球球形度及壁厚均匀性的关键阶段。基于乳粒发生器制备内径(850±10)μm、壁厚(250±25)μm的复合乳粒,以25℃,45℃和65℃作为固化温度,考察了固化温度对微球球形度和壁厚均匀性的影响。结果表明,固化温度越低,界面张力越高,乳液固化速率越慢,微球球形度和壁厚均匀性越好。当固化温度为25℃时,批次微球中球形偏离值优于2μm的微球产率为90%,壁厚偏差值优于2μm的微球产率为40%,明显优于固化温度为45℃和65℃时微球的质量。     

Traveling Waves and Structures of a Film Flow with Phase Transitions in the Nakoryakov–Ostapenko–Bartashevich Model

To describe the motion of the film flowing downward the vertical wall in the mode of condensation or evaporation into the surrounding space, the model proposed in [1] is used. It is reduced to one equation for the film thickness. The model comprises two governing parameters. The first one is proportional to the difference in the wall temperature, assumed to be constant, and the saturation temperature, and the second is proportional to the surface tension coefficient. In a series of publications [1–4] the authors studied solutions of thementioned equation at zero surface tension. Their characteristic feature is the presence of strong and weak discontinuities of layer thickness. In this paper we studied the regularizing effect of surface tension on the film flow structure with phase transitions. Numerical and asymptotic analysis of the resulting structures is carried out. Also, the case where the wall temperature is an arbitrary function of time is considered.     

油滴撞击油膜层内气泡的变形与破裂过程的数值模拟

旋转工作的机械零部件和机械设备的润滑系统工作过程中普遍存在着油滴和油膜的碰撞行为,这一行为易引起气泡夹带现象.气泡将对油滴撞击油膜时的运动过程和附壁油膜层的形成质量造成不可忽视的影响.基于耦合的水平集-体积分数方法,对油滴撞击含气泡油膜的行为进行数值模拟研究,考察油膜层内气泡的变形运动过程,分析气泡大小和位置等因素对撞击过程中气泡变形特征参数的影响规律,并探讨气泡破裂的动力学机制.研究表明,随着气泡直径的增大,油滴撞击含气泡油膜后气泡会依次出现自由表面破裂、稳定变形以及油膜内部破裂等现象;直径d=20μm的气泡能较稳定地存在于油膜层内,同时该值也是气泡发生自由表面破裂和油膜内部破裂的临界值.此外,气泡所在位置同样对气泡变形历程有一定影响,气泡越接近油膜表面,其变形量越大;位于油膜底层的气泡会附着在壁面上.在自由表面破裂和油膜内部破裂过程中,气泡破裂是由气-液界面不稳定引起的,表面张力对这两种现象起重要作用;而黏性剪切力对油膜内部破裂现象也有着不可忽视的影响.     

Reverse undercompressive shock structures in driven thin film flow

We show experimental and computational evidence of a new structure: an undercompressive and reverse undercompressive shock for draining films driven by a surface tension gradient against gravity. The reverse undercompressive shock is unstable to transverse perturbations while the leading undercompressive shock is stable. Depending on the pinch-off film thickness, as controlled by the meniscus, either a trailing rarefaction wave or a compressive shock separates from the reverse undercompressive shock.     

基于范德瓦尔斯表面张力模式液滴撞击疏水壁面过程的研究

液滴撞击疏水壁面过程的研究在介观流体力学和微流体作用材料科学的研究中具有重要的理论意义和工程价值. 论文在SPH方法中引入范德瓦尔斯状态方程处理液滴表面张力, 考虑流体粒子之间远程吸引, 近程排斥的内部作用力, 提出了流体粒子与疏水壁面粒子间势能函数与表面张力相结合的作用模式. 通过模拟真空条件下两个静止的等体积液滴相互融合的过程, 验证了计算模式在模拟液滴的表面张力中的有效性. 采用该模式模拟的液滴撞击疏水壁面过程, 不仅能够有效地模拟液滴撞击壁面后的变形过程, 而且清晰地模拟出液滴的回弹、腾空以及二次撞壁现象的完整过程. 模拟结果与液滴撞击疏水壁面的实验结果以及VOF模拟结果符合较好, 表明本文所提出的表面张力和疏水壁面作用力处理模式对模拟液滴撞壁过程具有实际应用价值.