LK-99的半磁悬浮和高温超导体的锁定磁悬浮

基于电磁学和超导物理学的原理和相关实验数据,说明所谓的室温常压超导体LK-99在圆盘状钕铁硼永磁体极面的半悬浮应来源于其中的铁磁杂质碎片所受的转矩和引力。涂覆Y-Ba-Cu-O的高温超导体薄片在这种永磁体磁极上下的锁定悬浮,则起因于不均匀外磁场中超导体位置变化感生的超导电流所受该磁场的位置回复洛伦兹力,而并非迈斯纳效应和所谓的量子锁定的结果。     

超导悬浮系统中电磁力的有限元分析

利用超导体宏观电磁场的Bean模型和有限元方法对由超导体和超导悬浮线圈所组成的悬浮系统进行了分析计算,通过定量计算与模拟,得到了超导体感应的屏蔽电流分布,从而得到了悬浮间隙及悬浮线圈中的电流对悬浮力的影响规律,同时分析了悬浮线圈尺寸与最大悬浮力之间的关系。这些数值计算结果为优化超导悬浮系统的结构设计提供了理论依据。     

NdFeB永磁体下YBaCuO块材在交流磁扰动中的悬浮力磁滞特性

研究了交流磁扰动对高温超导块材和永磁体之间悬浮力的影响。实验分析了在零场冷(ZFC)条件下,不同频率的交流磁场扰动下的悬浮力曲线;另外还研究了交流磁扰动在永磁体下降和上升过程中对悬浮力的影响,发现上升过程中悬浮力受交流磁场影响较大,而在下降过程中影响则较为不明显,同时随着交流磁场幅值的增大,悬浮力的滞回曲线逐渐加宽。说明交流磁场导致了超导块磁滞损耗的增加,对超导磁浮特性的研究具有理论意义。     

Angular dependence of vertical force and torque when magnetic dipole moves vertically above flat high-temperature superconductor

The interaction between a permanent magnet (PM) assumed as a magnetic dipole and a flat high-temperature superconductor (HTS) is calculated by the advanced frozen-image model. When the dipole vertically moves above the semi-infinite HTS, the general analytical expression of vertical force and that of torque are obtained for an arbitrary angle between the magnetization direction of the PM and the c axis of the HTS. The variations of the force and torque are analyzed for angle and vertical movements in both zero-field cooling (ZFC) condition and field cooling (FC) condition. It is found that the maximum vertical repulsive or attractive force has the positive or negative cosine relation with the angle. However, the maximum torque has the positive or negative sine relation. From the viewpoint of the rotational equilibrium, the orientation of the magnetic dipole with zero angle is deemed to be an unstable equilibrium point in ZFC, but the same orientation is considered as a stable equilibrium point in FC. In addition, both of the variation cycles of the maximum force and torque with the angle are π.     

高温超导磁悬浮轴承悬浮力数值分析

高温超导磁悬浮轴承已经被广泛应用到飞轮储能系统之中,它的主要结构是由高温超导体和永磁体组成。本论文基于有限元法(FEM)和临界态模型,对高温超导推力轴承的悬浮力和刚度等参数进行模拟仿真,并且在SCML-02测试装置上进行测试,计算结果与测试结果得到很好的吻合。并且进一步对环形永磁体推力轴承进行计算模拟,为进一步的轴承结构参数优化做好基础。     

高温超导体的磁激发:探寻不同体系铜氧化合物的共同特征

文章回顾了中子散射在高温超导铜氧化合物磁激发研究中的最新进展．自从铜氧化合物在20年前被发现以后，理解它们超导电性的微观来源一直是凝聚态物理中的核心课题．在传统超导体中，使得电子成对形成超导态的相互作用是以晶格振动（声子）为媒介的、而对于铜氧化合物的超导机理，人们通常认为磁激发可能起到根本的作用，因为超导电性是在可移动的“电子”或“空穴”掺杂到反铁磁母体化合物之后才发生的．文章总结了过去20年来利用非弹性中子散射研究磁激发的关键结果和现状，并指出了将来可能的研究方向．     

具有环形限位夹持力的单轴式超声悬浮系统

基于超声悬浮原理,通过改变单轴式超声悬浮系统的反射和发射端的几何形状,利用凸状发射、反射面在悬浮区域周围产生环形声辐射力势阱作为限位夹持力,提高悬浮样品在驻波声场中的悬浮稳定性。基于时域有限差分法,研究不同谐振腔内的声辐射力分布,以及影响声辐射力大小的因素,优化环形限位夹持力和悬浮力。理论及实验研究结果表明,具有环形限位夹持力的超声悬浮系统可以提高普通单轴式超声悬浮装置对悬浮样品的稳定性。     

辅助永磁体磁化方式对单畴GdBCO超导块材捕获磁场分布及其磁悬浮力的影响

通过对方形永磁体和方形辅助永磁体在液氮温度下对GdBCO超导体磁化后超导磁悬浮力的测量, 研究了两种组态中方形辅助永磁体对超导体的磁化方式对单畴GdBCO超导块材磁场分布及其磁悬浮力的影响. 结果发现, 方形辅助永磁体的下表面和超导体上表面保持在同一个水平面上, 磁化进程中方形辅助永磁体在GdBCO超导体上表面水平面内沿直径方向的位置x从–15 mm增加到+15 mm时, 超导磁悬浮力大小与超导体的磁化方式有着密切关系(以Z=0.1 mm为例): 1) 当方形辅助永磁体N极垂直向上且场冷后去掉辅助永磁体时, 超导体最大磁悬浮力先从16.7 N增大到23.1 N, 再减小到16.6 N; 2) 当方形辅助永磁体N极垂直向下且场冷后去掉辅助永磁体时, 超导体最大磁悬浮力先从17.7 N减小到7 N, 再增加到17.6 N; 3) 两种组态中最大磁悬浮力不相等, 而且与零场冷下的最大磁悬浮力(17.1 N)也不同. 这些结果说明: 只有通过科学合理地设计超导体和永磁体的组合方式, 才能获得较高的磁场强度, 有效地提高超导体的磁悬浮力特性, 该结果对促进超导体的应用具有重要的指导意义. 关键词： 单畴GdBCO 永磁体 捕获磁场 磁悬浮力     

辅助永磁体的引入方式对单畴GdBCO超导块材磁场分布及其磁悬浮力的影响

通过对永磁体辅助下单畴GdBCO超导体和方形永磁体在液氮温度、 零场冷、 轴对称情况下磁悬浮力的测量, 研究了三种不同组态中辅助永磁体的引入方式对单畴GdBCO超导块材磁场分布及其磁悬浮力的影响. 实验结果表明, 如果处在超导体上方的测量用方形永磁体N极向下, 则在轴对称情况下, 当方形辅助永磁体N极向上与超导体下表面贴在一起时, 超导体的最大磁悬浮力从没有引入辅助永磁体磁化的14.3 N增加到31.8 N, 提高到222%; 当方形辅助永磁体放置在超导体上表面、 N极垂直向上且场冷后去掉辅助永磁体时, 超导体的最大磁悬浮力从没有引入辅助永磁体磁化的14.3 N增加到21.6 N, 增加到151%; 当方形辅助永磁体放置在超导体上表面、 N极垂直向下且场冷后去掉方形辅助永磁体时, 超导体的最大磁悬浮力从没有引入辅助永磁体磁化的14.3 N减小到8.6 N, 减小为无辅助永磁体时的60%.这些结果说明, 只有通过科学合理地设计超导体和永磁体的组合方式, 才能获得较高的磁场强度, 有效地提高超导体的磁悬浮力特性, 该结果对促进超导体的应用具有重要的指导意义.     

Levitation and lateral forces between a point magnetic dipole and a superconducting sphere

The dipole–dipole interaction model is employed to investigate the angular dependence of the levitation and lateral forces acting on a small magnet in an anti-symmetric magnet/superconducting sphere system. Breaking the symmetry of the system enables us to study the lateral force which is important in the stability of the magnet above a superconducting sphere in the Meissner state. Under the assumption that the lateral displacement of the magnet is small compared to the physical dimensions of our proposed system, analytical expressions are obtained for the levitation and lateral forces as a function of the geometrical parameters of the superconductor as well as the height, the lateral displacement, and the orientation of the magnetic moment of the magnet. The dependence of the levitation force on the height of the levitating magnet is similar to that in the symmetric magnet/superconducting sphere system within the range of proposed lateral displacements. It is found that the levitation force is linearly dependent on the lateral displacement whereas the lateral force is independent of this displacement. A sinusoidal variation of both forces as a function of the polar and azimuthal angles specifying the orientation of the magnetic moment is observed. The relationship between the stability and the orientation of the magnetic moment is discussed for different orientations.     

电子型FeSe基高温超导体的磁通束缚态与Majorana零能模

作为凝聚态物理中一类新奇准粒子态,Majorana零能模(Majorana zero mode)由于可用来实现拓扑量子计算而成为当前的研究热点.理论预言,Majorana零能模可作为特殊的束缚态出现在一些拓扑超导体的磁通涡旋中.但实际超导体磁通中还可能存在其他低能束缚态或杂质态,这给Majorana零能模的辨别和具体应用带来了困难.目前实验上寻找合适的拓扑超导体系、分辨出清晰的Majorana零能模仍然是十分迫切的.本文主要介绍最近利用高能量分辨的扫描隧道显微镜,对电子掺杂铁硒类超导体(Li,Fe)OHFeSe和单层FeSe/SrTiO3磁通态进行的研究.实验上在前者的自由磁通中观测到清晰的零能模,并进一步测量到Majorana零能模的重要特征—量子化电导.而在后者磁通中只发现常规Caroli-de Gennes-Matricon(CdGM)束缚态,反映出s波对称性的特征.这系列实验既为Majorana零能模物性的进一步研究提供了合适平台,也为澄清铁基超导体中拓扑超导电性的来源提供了线索.     

Effect of induced shielding current transmission in longitudinal direction on levitation force of melt grown single-domain YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-x) cylindrical superconductor

YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) bulk is one of the most important high temperature superconducting materials for magnetic levitation applications, because it has a high magnetic irreversibility field Hirr at liquid nitrogen temperature, and can grow into large grains. The levitation force of YBCO bulk is proportional to the critical current density (Jc) and grain radius (r)[1], so higher Jc and r are appreciated for YBCO bulks to achieve higher levitation force. Now single-domain YBCO bulks up to s…     

旋转超导体中的电流与电磁场

采用半经典理论方法,对旋转超导体内的电流和电磁场进行理论分析.在把非惯性力场等效为真实力场并假设其适用于量子力学的基础上,获得超导电子所满足的薛定谔方程和概率密度流表达式.发现超导电子的正则动量和空间相位的梯度有正比例的关系;发现在没有外电场和外磁场情况下,匀速转动的超导体内出现净电荷电场、磁场,表面出现净电荷及超导电流 关键词： 旋转超导体 超导电流 磁场 半经典理论     

高温超导体磁悬浮轴承在低温液体泵中应用的可行性分析

目前低温液体泵用轴承一般为机械轴承,由于机械磨损其工作寿命有限;工作在低温环境下,该轴承润滑条件恶劣,不能满足高转速、重载荷条件下的长期连续应用.高温超导体磁悬浮轴承则直接工作在低温条件下,没有机械接触且无源自稳定,是代替机械轴承的一种选择.近年来关于高温超导磁悬浮轴承的应用研究很多,其承载能力等性能参数提升很多,并在...     

Lifshitz时空s波超导模型的关联长度和穿透深度

在D=d+2维各向异性的Lifshitz黑洞时空背景中, 在探子极限下, 用解析方法研究了临界温度附近引力系统的微扰, 计算出超导的关联长度ξα(1/T_c)(1-(T/T_c)^-1/2, 这与平均场论的结果一致. 进一步, 考虑在该系统中加一个均匀外磁场, 计算出穿透深度λα(T_c-T)^-1/2, 该结果与Ginzburg-Landau理论相符.     

钕铁硼在高温超导磁悬浮技术实验中的应用

将新材料钕铁硼作为磁导轨引入到高温超导磁悬浮技术实验中,介绍了高温超导悬浮技术实验的基本原理、仪器及钕铁硼对实验的改进.     

Relationship between the magnetic field distribution and attractive force of single-domain YBCO bulk under different field cooling processes

The levitation forces under different field cooling states were measured at 77K by changing the field cooling distance Z_{fc} between a YBCO bulk and a permanent magnet. It is found that the relationship between the absolute maximum attractive force (Z_{maf}) and the corresponding gap distance (Z_{maf}) to F_{maf} can be well described by exponential laws as a function of Z_{fc}, which allow us to predict these values according to Z_{fc}. It is also found that the distance between the Z_{0fa} (gap distance corresponding to the zero force) and Z_{maf} in the ascending process is a constant value, which is closely related to the constant reduction factor of the axial component of flux density along the axial line of the magnet if Z_{maf}-Z_{0fa} is a constant value. These results are very interesting for fundamental research and helpful in practical designing and applications.     

Identification of magnet and superconductor contributions to the ac loss in a magnet-superconductor levitation system

By measuring the quality factor of the mechanical oscillator with an attached magnet we investigated the amplitude dependence of the energy loss in a permanent magnet-YBCO superconductor system. When a non-conducting ferrite magnet is used the energy loss is proportional to the amplitude to the 2.79 power. This value is close to the value of 3 expected for the hysteretic motion of flux lines from the Bean model. When a conducting magnet is used the exponent decreased to the value of 2.5. This reflects the contribution of eddy current dissipation in a conducting magnet to the overall loss. We identified a novel mechanism of ac loss in the magnet-superconductor system. According to this mechanism the eddy current in a magnet is induced by the ac field generated by the ac supercurrent in response to the motion of a magnet. This mechanism would take place in a rotary bearing if circumferential inhomogeneity of the rotor magnetization occurred.     

强磁场下Sm-Fe薄膜不同晶态组织演化及磁性能调控

针对Sm-Fe薄膜的不同晶态组织演化和磁性能调控问题,采用分子束气相沉积方法制备Sm-Fe薄膜时,通过改变Sm含量、膜厚和强磁场来调节薄膜的晶态和磁性能.结果表明,Sm含量可以调节Sm-Fe薄膜的晶态组织演化,而晶态组织的演化和强磁场对磁性能有显著影响.Sm-Fe薄膜在Sm原子比为5.8%时是体心立方晶态组织,在Sm含量为33.0%时为非晶态组织,而膜厚和强磁场不会影响薄膜的晶态组织.非晶态薄膜的表面粗糙度和表面颗粒尺寸都比晶态薄膜的小,施加6 T强磁场会使表面颗粒尺寸增大,而表面粗糙度降低.非晶态薄膜的饱和磁化强度M_s比晶态薄膜的M_s(1466 emu/cm~3,1 emu/cm~3=4π×10-10T)低约47.6%,施加6 T强磁场使非晶态和晶态薄膜的M_s均降低约50%.Sm-Fe薄膜的矫顽力H_c在6—130 Oe(1 Oe=103/(4π)A/m)之间,其中,非晶态薄膜的H_c比晶态薄膜的H_c大.施加6 T强磁场使晶态薄膜的H_c增大,而使非晶态薄膜的H_c减小,最高可以减少95%.结果表明含量和强磁场可以用于调控Sm-Fe薄膜的晶态和磁性能.     

Lateral shift in a spin-orbit-coupling modulated magnetic-barrier nanostructure

Spin-dependent Goos–Hänchen（GH）effect of the electron in a magnetic barrier nanostructure modulated by the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is investigated. Two kinds of intrinsic SOCs (Rashba and Dresselhaus types) are taken into account, and spin-dependent lateral shifts are obtained by the transfer matrix method and the stationary phase approximation. The spin-dependent lateral shift is found to be related closely to the SOC. Both magnitude and sign of the spin-polarised lateral shift can be controlled by properly adjusting the strength of Rashba or Dresselhaus SOC. These interesting features can provide an alternative approach to manipulate spin-polarised electrons in the semiconductor, and such a nanostructure can serve as a controllable spatial spin splitter for spintronics applications.