相位角对容性耦合电非对称放电特性的影响

电非对称效应作为一种新兴技术,被广泛用于对离子能量和离子通量的独立调控.此外,在改善等离子体的径向均匀性方面,电非对称效应也发挥了重要作用.本文采用二维流体力学模型,并耦合麦克斯韦方程组,系统地研究了容性耦合氢等离子体中当放电由多谐波叠加驱动时,不同谐波阶数k下的电非对称效应,重点观察了相位角θ_n对自偏压以及等离子体径向均匀性的影响.模拟结果表明：在同一谐波阶数下,自偏压随相位角θ_n的变化趋势不尽相同,且当k增大（k>3）时,自偏压随最高频相位角θ_k的变化范围逐渐减小.此外,通过调节相位角θ_n,可以改变轴向功率密度和径向功率密度的相对关系,进而实现对等离子体径向均匀性的调节.研究结果对于利用电非对称效应优化等离子体工艺过程具有一定的指导意义.     

Quantum reflection of a Bose-Einstein condensate with a dark soliton from a step potential

We study dynamical behaviors of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) containing a dark soliton reflected from potential wells and potential barriers, respectively. The orientation angle of the dark soliton and the width of the potential change play key roles on the reflection probability R_s. Variation of the reflection probability with respect to the orientation angle θ of the dark soliton can be well described by a cosine function R_s~cos[λ(θ-π/2)], where λ is a parameter determined by the width of the potential change. There are two characteristic lengths which determine the reflection properties. The dependence of the reflection probability on the width of the potential change shows distinct characters for potential wells and potential barriers. The length of the dark soliton determines the sensitive width of potential wells, whereas for potential barriers, the decay length of the matter wave in the region of the barrier qualifies the sensitive width of the barrier. The time evolution of the density profiles of the system during the reflection process is studied to disclose the different behaviors of matter waves in the region of the potential variation.     

Proper In deposition amount for on-demand epitaxy of InAs/GaAs single quantum dots

The test-QD in-situ annealing method could surmount the critical nucleation condition of InAs/GaAs single quantum dots(SQDs) to raise the growth repeatability.Here,through many growth tests on rotating substrates,we develop a proper In deposition amount(θ) for SQD growth,according to the measured critical θ for test QD nucleation(θ_c).The proper ratio θ/θ_c,with a large tolerance of the variation of the real substrate temperature(T_(sub)),is 0.964-0.971 at the edge and 0.989 but 0.996 in the center of a 1/4-piece semi-insulating wafer,and around 0.9709 but 0.9714 in the center of a 1/4-piece N~+ wafer as shown in the evolution of QD size and density as θ/θ_c varies.Bright SQDs with spectral lines at 905 nm-935 nm nucleate at the edge and correlate with individual 7 nm-8 nm-height QDs in atomic force microscopy,among dense 1 nm-5 nm-height small QDs with a strong spectral profile around 860 nm-880 nm.The higher T_(sub) in the center forms diluter,taller and uniform QDs,and very dilute SQDs for a proper θ/θ_c:only one 7-nm-height SQD in25 μm~2.On a 2-inch(1 inch = 2.54 cm) semi-insulating wafer,by using θ/θ_c = 0.961,SQDs nucleate in a circle in 22%of the whole area.More SQDs will form in the broad high-T_(sub) region in the center by using a proper θ/θ_c.     

不同磁场环境下Heisenberg XXZ自旋链中的热量子失协

本文研究了不同磁场环境下一维Heisenberg XXZ自旋链中两量子比特的热量子失协特性. 在四种不同的磁场环境下: 1) B₁=B₂=0 (无磁场); 2) B₁≠0, B₂=0 (磁场只作用于其中一个量子比特); 3) B₁=B₂ (均匀磁场); 4) B₁=-B₂ (非均匀磁场), 对分别作用在每个量子比特上的磁场B₁和B₂对其量子关联的影响作了详细的讨论, 且数值计算和比较了其量子失协和量子纠缠的异同. 结果显示: 在有限温度下, 量子失协相比于量子纠缠更普遍, 且非均匀磁场相比于均匀磁场对量子失协和量子纠缠更有用, 更有利于量子通讯和量子信息处理过程. 关键词： 量子关联 纠缠 量子失协     

General equation describing viscosity of metallic melts under horizontal magnetic field

Viscosities of pure Ga, Ga_(80)Ni_(20), and Ga_(80)Cr_(20) metallic melts under a horizontal magnetic field were investigated by a torsional oscillation viscometer. A mathematical physical model was established to quantitatively describe the viscosity of single and binary metallic melts under a horizontal magnetic field. The relationship between the viscosity and the electrical resistivity under the horizontal magnetic field was studied, which can be described as η_B = η +(2H/πΩ)B~2(η_B is the viscosity under the horizontal magnetic field, η is the viscosity without the magnetic field, H is the height of the sample,? is the electrical resistivity, and B is the intensity of magnetic field). The viscosity under the horizontal magnetic field is proportional to the square of the intensity of the magnetic field, which is in very good agreement with the experimental results. In addition, the proportionality coefficient of ηB and quadratic B, which is related to the electrical resistivity,conforms to the law established that increasing the temperature of the completely mixed melts is accompanied by an increase of the electrical resistivity. We can predict the viscosity of metallic melts under magnetic field by measuring the electrical resistivity based on our equation, and vice versa. This discovery is important for understanding condensed-matter physics under external magnetic field.     

Control of spins in a nano-sized magnet using electric-current

With the development of spintronics,spin-transfer torque control of magnetic properties receives considerable attention.In this paper the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation including the torque term is used to investigate the magnetic moment dynamics in the free layer of the ferromagnet/non-magnetic/ferromagnet(FM1/N/FM2) structures.It is found that the reverse critical time τ_c decreases with the current increasing.The critical time τ_c as a function of current for the perpendicular and parallel easy magnetic axes are the same.The critical time τ_c increases with the damping factor α increasing.In the case of large current the influence of the damping factor α is smaller,but in the case of little torque the critical time τ_c increases greatly with the damping increasing.The direction of the magnetization in the fixed layer influences the critical time,when the angle between the magnetization and the z direction changes from 0.1π to 0.4π,the critical time τ_c decreases from 26.7 to 15.6.     

Theoretical study of stereodynamics for the D'+DS(ν = 0,j = 0)→D'D+S abstraction reaction

Quasiclassical trajectory (QCT) calculations have been performed for the abstraction reaction, D' +DS(v = 0, j = 0)→D'D+S on a new LZHH potential energy surface (PES) of the adiabatic 3A' electronic state [Lü et al. 2012 J. Chem. Phys. 136 094308]. The collision energy effect on the integral cross section and product polarization are studied over a wide collision energy range from 0.1 to 2.0 eV. The cross sections calculated by the QCT procedure are in good accordance with previous quantum wave packet results. The three angular distribution functions, P(θ_r), P(φ_r), and P(θ_r,φ_r), together with the four commonly used polarization-dependent differential cross sections ((2π/σ)(ds₀₀/dω_t), (2π/σ)(ds₂₀/dω_t), (2π/σ)(ds₂₂₊/dω_t), (2π/σ)(ds_21-/dω_t)) are obtained to gain insight into the chemical stereodynamics of the title reaction. Influences of the collision energy on the product polarization are exhibited and discussed.     

Flux creep and flux flow for thallium ceramics in a pulsed magnetic field

The resistive properties of Tl-ceramics with T_c|=0=114 K were investigated in a pulsed magnetic field (B) up to 30 T and in the temperature range of 4.2 K<T<140 K. It was shown that the character of the field dependence of the resistance differs qualitatively in high-and low-temperature regions. At low (T80K) temperatures the dynamic magnetoresistance arising in the sample is analogous to that observed earlier in LaSrCuO [1] and YBaCuO [2] ceramics. This magnetoresistance is defined by the magnetic field variation rate and leads to the appearance of a minimum at the maximum of the magnetic field pulse, i.e. at . In the region of high temperatures (80 K T<T_c) or magnetic fields (at T60K) the sample resistance rises monotonically with B increase, and dynamic resistance is not observed. In this temperature range the existence of a scaling relation is shown (here B^* and T^* meet the condition k=(B^*, T^*)/ _n(T^*)=const) for the ceramics resistance (B,T), which can be represented as . An estimate for the upper critical field B_c2(0)B_o=1030±40 T is obtained.     

Effects of collision energy and rotational quantum number on stereodynamics of the reactions:H(~2S)+NH(v=0,j=0,2,5,10)→N(~4S)+H_2

The stereodynamical properties of H(~2S) + NH(v = 0,j = 0,2,5,10)→N(~4S) + H_2 reactions are studied in this paper by using the quasi-classical trajectory(QCT) method with different collision energies on the double many-body expansion(DMBE) potential energy surface(PES)(Poveda L A and Varandas A J C 2005 Phys.Chem.Chem.Phys.7 2867).In a range of collision energy from 2 to 20 kcal/mol,the vibrational rotational quantum numbers of the NH molecules are specifically investigated on v = 0 and j = 0,2,5,10 respectively.The distributions of P(θ_r),P(φ_r),P(θ_r,φ_r),(2π/σ)(dσ_(00)/dω_t)differential cross-section(DCSs) and integral cross-sections(ICSs) are calculated.The ICSs,computed for collision energies from 2 kcal/mol to 20 kcal/mol,for the ground state are in good agreement with the cited data.The results show that the reagent rotational quantum number and initial collision energy both have a significant effect on the distributions of the k-j',the k-k'-j',and the k-k' correlations.In addition,the DCS is found to be susceptible to collision energy,but it is not significantly affected by the rotational excitation of reagent.     

Topological phase transition in a ladder of the dimerized Kitaev superconductor chains

We investigate the topological properties of a ladder model of the dimerized Kitaev superconductor chains.The topological class of the system is determined by the relative phase θ between the inter-and intra-chain superconducting pairing.One topological class is the class BDI characterized by the Z index,and the other is the class D characterized by the Z_2 index.For the two different topological classes,the topological phase diagrams of the system are presented by calculating two different topological numbers,i.e.,the Z index winding number W and the Z_2 index Majorana number M,respectively.In the case of θ=0,the topological class belongs to the class BDI,multiple topological phase transitions accompanying the variation of the number of Majorana zero modes are observed.In the case of θ = π/2 it belongs to the class D.Our results show that for the given value of dimerization,the topologically nontrivial and trivial phases alternate with the variation of chemical potential.     

载能Ni原子斜入射Pt(111)表面的分子动力学模拟

采用嵌入原子方法的原子间相互作用势,利用分子动力学模拟,详细研究不同角度入射的载能Ni原子在Pt(111)基体表面的沉积过程.结果表明,随着入射角度θ从0°增加到80°,溅射产额、表面吸附原子产额、空位产额的变化情况均可按入射角度近似地分为θ≤20°,20° < θ < 60°和θ≥60°三个区域.当θ≤20°时,载能沉积对基体表面的影响与垂直入射时的情况类似,表面吸附原子的分布较为集中,入射原子容易达到基体表面第二层及以下,对基体内部晶格产生-定的影响;在20° < θ < 60°的范围内,入射原子的注入深度有所下降,对基体内部晶格的影响减小,表面吸附原子的分布较为均匀,有利于薄膜的均匀成核与层状生长;当θ≥60°时,所有入射原子均直接被基体表面反射,表面吸附原子产额、溅射产额、表面空位产额均接近0,载能沉积作用没有体现.     

旋转方形散射体对三角晶格磁振子晶体带结构的优化

用改进的平面波展开法数值计算了正方形散射体三角排列的二维磁振子晶体当散射体旋转时的带结构. 结果显示, 同样的填充率下, 旋转正方柱散射体可以在新的频率范围内打开更多的带隙, 或者使低频带隙加宽. 说明旋转散射体可以有效地优化带隙.     

在有限温度下运用弱测量保护量子纠缠

根据单量子比特的映射, 提出一个在有限温度下运用弱测量保护两量子比特纠缠的方案. 在两个可通过局域幺正变化实现的等价的初始纠缠进入广义振幅阻尼信道前后, 对其分别进行弱测量, 并对四个弱测量的参数做全面的优化, 获取最大共生纠缠C_r 和弱测量参数m, n的解析表达式, 然后再进一步研究弱测量参数与信道参数的关系. 发现这种基于弱测量的纠缠保护方法在某些情况下可以有效地提高纠缠, 甚至可以避免纠缠的突然死亡. 当信道参数r一定时, 对不同的参数p,初始态|ψ>纠缠达到最大值时对应的弱测量参数m的取值一样, 共生纠缠关于p=0.5对称, 而初始态|φ>对应的参数m的取值不同; 在参数p一定、参数r不同、初始态|ψ>或|φ>的情况下, 当纠缠度取最大值时, 弱测量参数m的取值不变, 且随着r的增加, 纠缠度减少. 通过对信道参数的分析, 发现可以选择合适的信道参数和初始态来获得较大的纠缠.     

具有时滞反馈的非对称双稳系统中的振动共振研究

研究了具有时滞反馈的非对称双稳系统中的振动共振现象. 在绝热近似条件下, 应用快慢变量分离法得到系统响应振幅的解析表达式Q, 分析了时滞参数α和不对称参数r对振动共振现象的影响. 结果表明: 在Q-α平台上, α可以诱导响应幅值的极大值以输入高频信号和低频信号的周期出现. 不对称参数并不影响共振发生的位置, 但是能够增强响应幅值. 在Q-B (B为高频信号振幅)平台上, 共振发生的位置B_VR随着α呈现两种不同的周期关系, 且周期分别为输入高频信号和低频信号的周期. 在Q-Ω (Ω高频信号频率)平台上, 随着时滞参数的增大, 当B较小时, 在Ω的小值区间内, Q呈现出多重共振现象, 在Ω的大值区间, Q趋于定值.     

Lateral magnetic stiffness under different parameters in a high-temperature superconductor levitation system

Magnetic stiffness determines the stability of a high-temperature superconductor(HTS) magnetic levitation system.The quantitative properties of the physical and geometrical parameters that affect the stiffness of HTS levitation systems should be identified for improving the stiffness by some effective methods. The magnetic stiffness is directly related to the first-order derivative of the magnetic force with respect to the corresponding displacement, which indicates that the effects of the parameters on the stiffness should be different from the relationships between the forces and the same parameters.In this paper, we study the influences of some physical and geometrical parameters, including the strength of the external magnetic field(B0) produced by a rectangular permanent magnet(PM), critical current density(Jc), the PM-to-HTS area ratio(α), and thickness ratio(β), on the lateral stiffness by using a numerical approach under zero-field cooling(ZFC)and field cooling(FC) conditions. In the first and second passes of the PM, the lateral stiffness at most of lateral positions essentially increases with B0 increasing and decreases with β increasing in ZFC and FC. The largest lateral stiffness at every lateral position is almost produced by the minimum value of Jc, which is obviously different from the lateral force–Jc relation. The α-dependent lateral stiffness changes with some parameters, which include the cooling conditions of the bulk HTS, lateral displacement, and movement history of the PM. These findings can provide some suggestions for improving the lateral stiffness of the HTS levitation system.     

电网在三种边攻击方式下的级联失效

研究美国西部电网在三种边攻击方式下级联失效差异性.定义边ij的初始负载为(k_ik_j)^θ,k_i,k_j分别表示节点i和j的度,θ为一可调参数.三种边攻击方式分别为:最小负载边攻击方式(LL)、最大负载边攻击方式(HL)和容量比最小边攻击方式(SPC).通过分析电网的拓扑结构,研究三种攻击方式级联失效差异性.研究表明:HL和LL攻击方式下,受攻击边的范围不随θ而改变,HL的攻击效果随θ的增大而增强,LL的攻击效果随θ的增大而减弱.而SPC法选中的被攻击边随θ变化,当θ取值较小时,SPC攻击边是拓扑结构较特殊的一种最小负载边,随着θ的增大,SPC攻击边趋向于高负载边,因此θ较小时,SPC的攻击效果和LL接近,当θ较大时,SPC的攻击效果和HL接近.     

水泥老化过程中水动态的准弹性中子散射(QENS)谱分析

准弹性中子散射(quasi-elastic neutron scattering, QENS)实验是研究水泥老化过程中水动态的一种新颖的实验方法.本文利用老化时间分别为7, 14和30 d水泥样品的QENS谱实验数据, 通过应用四个高斯项的和的能量分辨函数R(Q, E)代替一个高斯项的能量分辨函数来改进经验扩散模型(empirical diffusion model, EDM), 再进行非线性最小二乘拟合.由此导出水泥样品中水动态的相关物理参数: 不动水数密度A, 自由水指数FWI=B₁/(A+B₁+B₂), 洛伦兹函数的半高宽Γ, 移动水跳跃之间的平均停留时间τ ₀及自扩散系数D_t, 而且可得出更为精准的QENS谱拟合曲线.拟合得到的物理参数可定量描述水泥老化过程中水动态过程, 从而为QENS实验在水泥老化过程中水动态研究的应用提供一种合理实用的谱分析方法.     

倾斜度及温度震荡频率对三维多孔介质方腔自然对流换热的影响

对三维多孔介质倾斜方腔内非稳态自然对流换热进行数值研究.腔体右壁面(X=1)保持恒温T₀,左壁面(X=0)基于温度T₀按正弦规律变化,其他所有壁面保持绝热.采用Brinkman扩展达西模型及SIMPLE算法模拟方腔内的流动.方腔沿y轴转动倾角α1的变化范围为0°~90°,沿x轴转动倾角α2的变化范围为0°~45°,无量纲温度震荡频率f的变化范围为5π~90π.详细研究倾角和温度震荡频率对三维方腔自然对流换热的影响.计算结果表明:当倾角α1=46°,α2=45°及温度震荡频率f=45π时,方腔内的换热最强.     

Superconductivity of compressed platinum powder at very low temperatures

Superconductivity of compressed, high-purity platinum powder (average grain size 2–3 μm) was found by measurements of resistivity, AC susceptibility and magnetization. The transition temperature into the superconducting state T_c and the critical magnetic field B_c strongly depend on the packing fraction f of the samples: we found 0.62T_c(0)1.38 mK and 6.6B_c(0)67 μT for 0.8f0.5, respectively. The temperature dependence of the critical magnetic fields can be described by B_c(T)=B_c(0)(1−(T/T_c)²). The discussion of these results includes possible explanations for the origin of superconductivity in this new superconducting material.     

Mo-SiO2-C3H6催化反应体系的ESR动态表征

文章考察了Mo-SiO₂催化剂体系在丙烯歧化反应过程中的动态ESR波谱,发现在催化歧化反应过程中有两种Mo⁵⁺顺磁中心,一种为扰动八面体配位,g_||=1.89,g_⊥=1.94;另一种为扰动四棱锥配位,g_||=1.86,g_⊥=1.95。测得同位素^95,97Mo⁵⁺的各向异性超精细耦合常数A_||=90.3×10^-4cm^-1,A_⊥=44.8×10^-4cm^-1;观测到反应产生的积炭信号,g≈2.0O₂;氧阴离子自由基信号g₁=2.018,g₂=2.011,g₃=2.005。用LCAO-MO理论对上述Mo⁵⁺的ESR波谱进行计算,求得分子轨道系数,发现并总结出△g_||/△g_⊥与△g成直线关系,并建议用△g_||/△g_⊥=4(△E(B₂→E))/(△E(B₂→B₁)(β₁/ε)²之比值作为衡量C_4v扰动程度的尺度。