电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定枇杷叶中多种无机元素

枇杷叶试样于聚四氟烯消解罐中加入硝酸及过氧化氢置于微波炉中加热消解,对所得试样溶液中的14种无机元素用电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定.在测定钙、锰、镁、磷及铁的试验中,测得其线性范围在0～200μg·L-1之间,用标准加入法对所测定的14种无机元素作了回收试验,所得回收率在90%～110%之间.按规定要求测定14种无机元素的检出限,测得结果在0.002～0.4μg·L-1之间.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定REACH法规涉及产品中铅、铬、钴、砷、锡、铝、锆、钼和硼

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法对REACH法规涉及产品中铅、铬、钴、砷、锡、铝、锆、钼和硼的含量进行测定。0.2g样品经微波消解处理,聚合物材质试样以8mL硝酸和2mL过氧化氢为消解试剂;无机非金属材质试样以6mL硝酸、2mL过氧化氢和2mL氢氟酸为消解试剂。各元素的方法检出限均低于15mg·kg-1。方法的加标回收率在82.4%～108%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)在3%～6%之间。     

微波消解-原子荧光光谱法测定海洋生物体中汞

应用原子荧光光谱法测定海洋生物体中汞的含量。试样用盐酸、硝酸和过氧化氢混合溶液在微波消解仪中消解处理,经试验选定消解程序为:①消解功率1 600 W;②5min升温至120℃,保持5min;③5min升温至160℃,保持10min。分析时仪器工作条件为负高压260V,灯电流为40mA,载气流量为800mL.min-1。汞的质量浓度在0.80μg.L-1以内与相应的荧光强度呈线性关系,方法检出限(3s/k)为0.002mg.kg-1。方法用于测定海洋生物体中汞的含量,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.7%～6.0%之间,加标回收率在90%～104%之间。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定卷烟用纸中铜、砷、钼、镉、铊和铅

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定了卷烟纸中铜、砷、钼、镉、铊和铅等6种杂质金属元素。试样用硝酸、过氧化氢及氢氟酸在Multiwave 3000型微波消解仪中消解处理,在所得消解后的溶液中加入硼酸溶液络合过量的氢氟酸。加入含115In及209Bi各20μg.L-1的混合溶液作为内标。上述6种元素在一定浓度范围内与各相应的分析信号值之间呈线性关系,其检出限(3S/N)在0.002～0.16μg.L-1之间。按标准加入法测得方法的回收率在95.3%～113.0%之间。试验了方法的重复性,其相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.9%～4.6%之间。     

微波消解试样-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定茶叶中铅和铜

采用浓硝酸-过氧化氢(体积比5比1)混合酸对茶叶试样进行消解,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定其中铅和铜的含量。对消解酸体系、仪器工作条件进行了优化。铅的质量浓度在0.95～3.80mg·L~(-1)、铜的质量浓度在0.108～0.864mg·L~(-1)范围分别与其吸光度呈线性关系,检出限(3σ)分别为18.3,15.9μg·L~(-1)。方法用于分析茶叶试样,铅和铜加标回收率分别为98.8%～102.4%和93.3%～100.0%之间。     

微波消解试样-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定猪肝中镉

将绞碎、混匀的猪肝试样用浓硝酸及过氧化氢在MDS 2003型微波消解仪中消解。微波输出功率为650 W,采用程序升压消解方式,即先后在0.5 MPa压力下消解2 min,在1.0 MPa消解2 min及在1.5 MPa消解1 min。将经冷却室温的无色透明的消解液移入50 mL容量瓶中,加入硝酸(1+99)溶液2 mL,加水定容,按设定的仪器工作条件用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定其镉的含量。方法的检出限(3s/k)为0.20μg.L-1。以同一试样为基体,用标准加入法对方法作回收及精密度试验,测得回收率在94.0%~116.0%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.66%~3.25%之间。     

微波消解试样-原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中硒碲

应用HG-AFS法及微波加热试样消解法测定了土壤中硒和碲的含量,对试样消解参数、仪器工作条件及氢化物发生反应条件等作了试验并讨论.该方法测定硒及碲的检出限均为0.01μg·g-1,荧光强度与硒及碲的质量浓度在5～100μg·L-1及0.5～10μg·L-1范围内呈线性关系.应用此方法分析了3个土壤试样,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于5%.用标准加入法作了回收试验,硒的回收率在92.0%～102.6%之间,碲的回收率在90.1%～98.8%之间.     

微波消解样品-离子色谱法测定卷烟纸中钠、钾、镁、钙的含量

提出了离子色谱法同时测定卷烟纸中钠、钾、镁和钙含量的方法。卷烟纸试样经硝酸-过氧化氢-氢氟酸微波消解,以IonPac CS16阳离子交换柱为固定相,用0.027 mol.L-1甲烷磺酸溶液作流动相。钠、钾、镁和钙4种元素在30 min内可完全分离;各离子的检出限(3S/N)分别为13,15,8.1,97 mg.L-1。方法的加标回收率在100.9%～108.8%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.87%～3.4%之间。     

微波消解-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定硅石中微量铁锰钙镁

本文提出硅石消解新技术--微波消解法.于聚氯乙烯消解罐中加硝酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸,程序加压升温分解硅石.微波消解法与冰浴法、加热消解法相比,可避免待测元素在分解过程带来的损失,且分解完全,酸用量少,操作简单、可靠.硅石经微波消解后采用火焰原子吸收光谱法检测铁、锰、镁、钙,铁、锰、镁、钙的回收率分别为97.3%～99.0%、104.4%～106.5%、95.7%～98.0%、103.1%～106.6%,与国家标准方法分析结果比较,相对误差均小于5%.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定化妆品中15种有害元素

试样在硝酸及极少量硫酸中,采用微波消解前处理,用电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定化妆品中铍、钒、铬、镍、砷、硒、锶、钼、钯、镉、钕、金、汞、铊、铅等15种有害元素,通过样品前处理和电感耦合质谱法测定时条件的选择并以内标法测定,消除了基体效应和干扰,各待测元素的检出限(3S)在0.004～0.139 mg·kg-1,仪器的精密度(n=6)在1.59%～9.88%之间,方法的精密度(n=6)在1.889/6～4.86%,15种元素的加标回收率在84.32%～123.70%,样品溶液消解后,在冰箱0～5℃保存,2d内各元素稳定性良好.     

化“材”为“筑”

Chemistry is a central, practical and creative discipline. The development of chemistry plays an important role in the progress of science and society, as well as the improvement of the quality of human life. This paper introduces the chemical knowledge of stone, concrete, glass and other inorganic nonmetallic building materials by the anthropomorphically story. Taking nanomaterials as an example, the prospect of building materials development in the future is put forward.     

"Alpha"-, "beta"- and "delta"-anhydrodigitoxigenin

The syntheses of 3β-hydroxy-5β-carda-14, 20:22-dienolide (= «β»-anhydro-), 3β-hydroxy-5β-carda-8:14, 20:22-dienolide (= «α»-anhydro-) and «δ»-anhydro-digitoxigenin (= probably 3β-hydroxy-5β, 14β-carda-8, 20:22-dienolide) by the best ways known to date, have been described. «δ»-Anhydro-digitoxigenin represents the thermodynamically most stable isomer. In this isomer the double bond in position 8 is unaffected by hydrogenation with Pt in acetic acid; with perbenzoic acid an epoxide results from which, on hydrogenation, the double bond can be regenerated in its original position. Analogous reactions are known to occur in the 8:14-epoxides.     

Making "wheels" and "cubes" from triangles

[Mn(IV)Mn(II)3] triangular units directed by the presence of tripodal alcohols self-assemble in the presence of azide and acetate ligands to form either a [Mn24] "wheel" or a [Mn32] "cube".     

"Turn-on" fluorescent sensing with "reactive" probes

Chemical probes are valuable tools for the investigation of biochemical processes, diagnosis of disease markers, detection of hazardous compounds, and other purposes. Therefore, the development of chemical probes continues to grow through various approaches with different disciplines and design strategies. Fluorescent probes have received much attention because they are sensitive and easy-to-operate, in general. To realize desired selectivity toward a given analyte, the recognition site of a fluorescent probe is designed in such a way to maximize the binding interactions, usually through weak molecular forces such as hydrogen bonding, toward the analyte over other competing ones. In addition to such a supramolecular approach, the development of fluorescent probes that sense analytes through chemical reactions has witnessed its usefulness for achieving high selectivity, in many cases, superior to that obtainable by the supramolecular approach. Creative incorporations of the reactive groups to latent fluorophores have provided novel chemical probes for various analytes. In this feature article, we overview the recent progress in the development of turn-on fluorescent probes that are operating through chemical reactions triggered by target analytes. Various chemical reactions have been implemented in the development of many reactive probes with very high selectivity and sensitivity toward target analytes. A major emphasis has been focused on the type of chemical reactions utilized, with the hope that further explorations can be made with new chemical reactions to develop reactive probes useful for various applications.     

"Clickable" polymersomes

Polymersomes, composed of amphiphilic polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid) (PS-b-PAA), with the periphery being covered with azide groups, were used for further functionalization using "click" chemistry.