柱后衍生-高效液相色谱法测定水中呋喃丹和甲萘威

提出了测定水中呋喃丹和甲萘威的柱后衍生-高效液相色谱法。水样经盐酸酸化至pH 3后,用0.45μm水性滤膜过滤,取200μL水样直接进样,用Waters Carbamate Analysis分析柱(3.9 mm×150 mm,5μm)和以甲醇-乙腈-水(1+1+3)混合液作为流动相进行分离。分离后用2 g·L-1氢氧化钠溶液进行水解,用每升中含邻苯二甲醛0.1 g、十水硼酸钠19.1 g及2-巯基乙醇0.5 mL的溶液进行衍生化,用荧光检测器在激发波长(eλx)为339 nm,发射波长(eλm)为445 nm处检测。方法检出限(3S/N)均为4×10-4mg·L-1。应用此方法测定了水厂出厂水和河水中呋喃丹和甲萘威,并用标准加入法做回收试验,测得其平均回收率依次为93.0%~98.0%之间和93.0%~99.4%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)小于0.50%。     

反相离子对液相色谱分离-柱后衍生化学发光检测痕量金属离子

报道了反相离子对液相色谱-柱后衍生化学发光检测方法分离测定痕量的钴(Ⅱ)、铁(Ⅱ)、铜(Ⅱ)、铁(Ⅲ)及铬(Ⅲ).利用弱络合性的乳酸作为淋洗剂,加入适量的十二烷基磷酸钠作对离子试剂,研究了分离条件、发光条件及二者的匹配方式等因素对分离检测的影响.测定线性范围分别为(g/mL):Cr(Ⅲ)5.0×10^-9～1.0×10^-5;Fe(Ⅱ)2.0×10^-9～1.0×10^-5;Fe(Ⅲ〕8.0×10^-9～1.0×10^-5;Cu(Ⅱ)8.0×10^-11～1.0×10^-5及Co(Ⅲ)1.0×10^-11～1.0×10^-5.检出限分别为:10pgCr(Ⅲ),0.4pgFe(Ⅱ),20pgFe(Ⅲ),1.0pgCu(Ⅱ)及0.01pgCo(Ⅱ).     

高效液相色谱柱后衍生测定脱水蔬菜中的亚硫酸盐

建立了检测脱水蔬菜中亚硫酸盐的反相硅胶柱净化-柱后衍生-高效液相色谱方法.样品经甲醛提取,通过反相硅胶固相萃取小柱净化,采用Discover ODS-C18柱,流动相为0.005 mol/L氢氧化四丁基铵和乙腈,在碱性条件下以5,5’-二硫代双(2-硝基苯甲酸)为柱后衍生化试剂,445 nm检测.实验结果表明,在0.050～50.00 mg/L浓度范围内,相关系数为0.9987,方法的检出限和定量限分别为1 mg/kg和2 mg/kg,添加浓度在2～900mg/kg范围内,平均添加回收率为62％～88％,相对标准偏差不大于7.8％.该法能有效地避免脱水蔬菜中亚硫酸盐测定的假阳性结果,可满足实际检测工作的需要.     

柱后光化学衍生荧光检测高效液相色谱法测定2种新型肟醚类农药

建立了柱后光化学衍生荧光检测高效液相色谱法测定2种新型肟醚类农药(硫肟醚、HNPC-A2005)的方法。在优化的流动相配比(V甲醇∶V水=80∶20)及流速(1.0mL/min)条件下,用配备ZORBAXSB-C18色谱柱、自制的光化学反应器及荧光检测器的高效液相色谱仪对待测组分进行分离和测定。在最佳条件下,方法的检出限分别为0.056mg/L(硫肟醚)、0.036mg/L(HNPC-A2005);线性范围为0.090~5.0mg/L;相对标准偏差(0.1mg/L,n=8)分别为3.5%(硫肟醚)、0.8%(HNPC-A2005)。     

Analysis of carbohydrates by HPLC with post-column derivatization

Post-column derivatization of oligosaccharides after HPLC separation with a variety of systems has been achieved either by reaction with thymol in concentrated sulfuric acid or after hydrolysis of saccharides with hydrochloric acid and derivatization of the resulting monosaccharides with p-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide. With both reactions the detection of reducing and non-reducing sugars is possible even at trace levels. The latter reaction, despite the two reaction steps required, is much more convenient and practical, whereas with the first reaction it is also possible to determine alkylpolyglucosides.     

微波辅助衍生化GC-MS法测定食用油中的脂肪酸

利用微波技术,研究了用ＫＯＨ－甲醇,Ｈ２ＳＯ４－甲醇－甲苯、ＨＣｌ－甲醇等不同体系对食用油中的脂肪酸进行了衍生化,系统地比较了它们的优劣势,以及适合的分析对象,在１ｍｉｎ内完成衍生物生化反应,选用正庚烷代替传统方法的苯＋石油醚作为脂肪酸甲酯蝗提取剂,与传统消解及衍生化方法相比,具有节省溶剂,省时,易于操作等特点。     

微波辅助衍生化-气相色谱法测定烟草中非挥发性有机酸

在气相色谱法测定烟草中非挥发性有机酸中,提出了用硫酸-甲醇(1+7)混合溶液作衍生试剂,在微波炉中于选定的条件下对所测定的有机酸进行衍生化.经酯化的溶液用二氯甲烷萃取,萃取液蒸缩至2 mL,分取1μL进样作气相色谱分析.测定中采用AC 20毛细管柱及火焰离子化(FID)检测器并用戊二酸作内标,对7种非挥发性有机酸用标准...     

离子交换柱后衍生流动注射分光光度在线连续测定水中NO2-和NO3-

建立了连续测定NO2-和NO3-的柱后在线衍生结合流动注射光度分析体系.阴离子交换柱(HPIC-AS3)分离水样中的NO2-和NO3-,洗脱液依次将NO2-和NO3-洗脱流经镀铜镉还原柱,NO3-在线还原为NO2-,与对氨基苯磺酸溶液和N-(1-萘基)-乙二胺溶液合并,在λmax=500 nm处对NO2-和NO3-产生的红色染料进行光度连续检测.NO2-和NO3-的线性范围分别为0.01～1.0mg/L和0.02～2.0 mg/L,检出限分别为0.004和0.008 ng/L.方法用于雨水、湖水和自来水中痕量NO2-和NO3-的同时连续测定.     

柱前衍生化/毛细管电泳法测定阿伦膦酸钠

建立了一种以对甲氧基苯磺酰氯为紫外衍生试剂柱前衍生,毛细管电泳法测定阿伦膦酸钠的分析方法。阿伦膦酸钠与对甲氧基苯磺酰氯的衍生条件为:在20 mmol/L的硼酸盐缓冲溶液(pH 11.5)中,摩尔比为1:10的阿伦膦酸钠与对甲氧基苯磺酰氯在50℃下反应10 min。将衍生产物在毛细管电泳上进行分离,使用pH 9.3 20 mmoL/L的硼酸盐缓冲溶液为分离缓冲体系,柱温25℃,分离电压20 kV,在0.5 psi压力下进样5 s,以二级管阵列(DAD)检测器在233 nm处进行检测。测得阿伦膦酸钠的线性范围为1.0~400μg/mL,检出限为0.5~1.0μg/mL。方法用于药物制剂阿伦膦酸钠片和尿液介质中阿伦膦酸钠的测定,结果满意。     

柱后衍生-高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定面粉中的过氧化苯甲酰

利用过氧化苯甲酰能够在氯化血红素的催化下将底物对羟基苯乙酸氧化成具有荧光的二聚体的性质,建立了柱后衍生-高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定面粉中过氧化苯甲酰的方法。优化了色谱分离条件和柱后衍生条件,结果表明:催化剂氯化血红素的浓度为8μmol/L,底物对羟基苯乙酸的浓度为80μmol/L,衍生化试剂的pH 10.5,衍生温度为35℃时衍生效率最高。在优化条件下,过氧化苯甲酰的线性范围为0.5～100 mg/L;样品的检出限为1 mg/kg,样品的加标回收率为98.5%～99.5%。本方法与现有的高效液相色谱法相比,检测面粉中过氧化苯甲酰具有抗干扰能力强,灵敏度高。     

Determination of paracetamol (acetaminophen) by HPLC with post-column enzymatic derivatization and fluorescence detection

Summary A novel method is described for the determination of paracetamol (acetaminophen;N-acetyl-4-aminophenol) in urine. After reversed-phase HPLC separation, paracetamol is oxidized by H₂O₂ with horseradish peroxidase catalysis. Detection is performed fluorimetrically at an excitation wavelength of 329 nm and an emission wavelength of 435 nm. Urine samples were spiked with paracetamol, diluted, and injected directly without further pretreatment. Under these conditions, the limit of detection was 2×10⁻⁸ molL⁻¹, and the limit of quantification was 7×10⁻⁸ molL⁻¹. The method was validated by two different approaches based on HPLC with UV-Vis detection.     

茚三酮衍生高效毛细管电泳法测定纯奶中的甘氨酸含量

建立了茚三酮衍生高效毛细管电泳法测定纯奶中甘氨酸含量的方法,该法可选择性测定甘氨酸含量。使用氯化镁为蛋白沉淀剂,沉淀效果较好,研究了甘氨酸–茚三酮聚合物衍生条件,确定最佳实验条件为:未涂层弹性石英毛细管柱(60 cm×75μm,有效长度49 cm),分离缓冲溶液为3.5 mmol磷酸二氢钾–8.2 mmol磷酸氢二钠(pH 6.8),检测波长为570 nm,电泳电压为25 kV,进样压力为25 kPa,进样时间为3 s,电泳温度为室温。甘氨酸的线性范围为2.00~200.00μg/mL,检出限为0.14μg/mL,线性相关系数不小于0.999。甘氨酸的加标回收率为88.7%~107.2%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.9%~4.2%(n=6)。该法简便、快速、准确,可用于测定纯奶中甘氨酸含量。     

Determination of Vitamin B6 Compounds in Foods Using Liquid Chromatography with Post-Column Derivatization Fluorescence Detection

The liquid chromatographic determination of six vitamin B₆-related compounds, the three B₆ vitamers, their corresponding phosphorylated esters, and an excretion product, is optimized using the reversed-phase technique with a stationary phase based on a ligand with amide groups and the endcapping of trimethylsilyl. The isocratic mobile phase consisted of a phosphate buffer, and fluorescence detection involved a post-column derivatization reaction using sodium hydrogensulphite to enhance the fluorescence of the phosphate ester. Peaks were identified by the retention characteristics and fluorescence spectra. Detection limits ranged from 1–25 ng mL^–1. Two extraction procedures using acid hydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis were compared. The method was applied to the determination of B₆ vitamin derivatives in different types of food including beef liver, egg yolk, baby food cereals and honey. The natural free vitamers appeared in honey and baby food cereals, while the phosphorylated esters were found in the foods of animal origin. An assay using two certified reference materials gave results within the certified range.     

Application of polymer-supported triphenyl phosphine in the palladium-catalyzed cyanation reaction under microwave conditions

A variety of aryl nitriles were prepared in excellent yields from the palladium acetate catalyzed coupling of aryl halides with Zn(CN)₂ using polymer-supported triphenyl phosphine as the ligand and dimethylformamide as solvent under microwave irradiation conditions.     

Determination of sugars by liquid chromatography with post-column catalytic derivatization and fluorescence detection

Summary A method for the determination of reducing sugars such as fructose and glucose and nonreducing sugar such as sucrose by high performance liquid chromatography followed by an acidic hydrolysis and a derivatization with benzamidine has been developed. After separation of sugars on a gel column packed with a polymer-based cation exchange material (Sugar-Pak I, Waters-Millipore), the sucrose is first hydrolysed in a solid phase reactor to convert it into reducing subunits. A post-column fluorigenic reaction with benzamidine under alkaline condition allows the selective determination of both natural and converted reducing carbohydrates.This procedure has proven to be selective (fluorigenic detection) and highly sensitive (allowing detection as little as picomoles amounts), reproducible and linear over a broad range of concentrations: 5×10^–4 to 1.0×10^–2 M.The applicability of this method to natural matrices such as plant extracts and beverages is also described. The sugar content of a barley extract has been determined and compared with a specific enzymatic test. The determined sugar content of natural and commercial lemon juices as well as of Cola beverages has been compared with those found by the conventional LC refractive index analytical procedure. In all cases, the results were comparable and were within the experimental errors of the methods.     

测定牛奶中5种青霉素残留量的高效液相色谱柱前衍生法

样品采用乙腈直接提取,离心分离及固相（Ｃ１８柱）净化方式,经衍生后,用液相色谱紫外检测器测定牛奶中５种青霉素残留,方法最小检测质量 度０．００５ｍｇ／Ｌ,回收率范围在６８．９％－１０１．３％之间,相对标准偏差为３．２１％－６．１８％。     

邻苯二甲醛衍生荧光法测定牛奶中的苄青霉素残留

长期饮用含高浓度苄青霉素残留的牛奶可带来严重的健康问题,建立一种可对其进行灵敏检测的方法是必要的.苄青霉素在酸性条件下的水解产物之一是青霉胺,与邻苯二甲醛衍生后可生成具有强荧光的1-硫代2-烷基异吲哚衍生物,据此建立了荧光分光光度法测定苄青霉素的新方法.在水解时间为1 h、衍生反应体系pH为10.0、衍生试剂用量为40 μL、衍生反应时间为15 min的最佳测定条件下,线性动态范围为2.0 ～500 μg/L,检出限为1.3 μg/L,样品的平均加标回收率为89.1%,方法可满足我国对牛奶中苄青霉素残留的限量要求.     

A Sensitive Derivatization Method for the Determination of the Sugar Composition after Pre-column Reductive Amination with 3-Amino-9-ethylcarbazole （AEC） by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

3-Amino-9-ethylcarbazole （AEC） was employed for monosaccharide derivatization. The derivatives can be analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） with an ultraviolet detection （wavelength： 254 nm）. Monosaccharides were quantitatively derivatized with 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole （AEC） at 70 ℃ for 60 min. The method was linear for all samples over the concentration range tested （r〉0.999）, the precision was found to be satisfactory （R.S.D. 〈 3%）, and the recovery ratios were 〉98.62%. The stability analysis showed R.S.D. was between 1.81%-3.16%. Detection limits for the samples （D-glucose, L-xylose, D-mannose, L-arabinose, and L-rhamnose） ranged from 0.06 to 1.97 ng/mL （S/N=3）. Under the optimized derivatization and HPLC conditions, five monosaccharides were well separated using a narrow bore C18 column （250 mm×4.6 mm） with 0.1 mol/L ammonium acetate containing 25% acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. As an application, the method has been successfully applied to the determination of monosaccharide compositions of three polysaccharides SPPA-1, SPPB-1 and SPPC- 1 of Spirulina platensis. This method also has potential application to oligosaccharide or glycan analyses.     

衍生化气相色谱法测定盐酸芬氟拉明片的纯度

 应用衍生化气相色谱法测定盐酸芬氟拉明片的纯度。样品溶解后经碱化乙酸乙酯提取 ,以盐酸美西律作内标 ,提取液用三氟乙酸酐进行酰化衍生化 ,衍生化产物在 5 %SE 30的色谱柱上分析 ,用氢火焰离子化检测器 (FID)检测。实验结果表明 ,芬氟拉明的质量浓度在 0 1g/L～ 0 5 g/L范围内线性良好 (r =0 9996 ) ;芬氟拉明与内标美西律的分离度大于 4;理论塔板数以芬氟拉明峰计大于 2 0 0 0 ;方法的精密度好 ,相对标准偏差 (RSD)为 1 4% (n=7) ;平均回收率为 (10 0 2± 2 2 ) % (n =6 ) ;检测限为 8ng。用该方法得到的结果灵敏、准确、重复性好。     

柱前衍生反相高效液相色谱法测定血清中9种胆汁酸

建立了一种柱前衍生反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)测定血清中9种胆汁酸的方法。以4-溴甲基-7-甲氧基香豆素(BMC)为衍生剂,用Waters Nova C18色谱柱分离,采用甲醇／乙腈和水梯度洗脱,荧光检测,9种胆汁酸在5～40μmol／L范围内具有良好线性,r为0．9988～0．9998。回收率为85．40％～100．45％,检出限为1～2μmol／L。该法灵敏、特效、重复性好,可用于临床血清中微量胆汁酸的测定。