ZP2蛋白在小鼠卵巢颗粒细胞中的表达

目的:在蛋白质水平确定小鼠卵巢的颗粒细胞内是否表达透明带蛋白.方法:制作小鼠卵巢组织的冰冻切片,免疫荧光实验用抗ZP2抗体检测小鼠卵巢颗粒细胞中是否存在ZP2蛋白,荧光显微镜下对卵巢切片的荧光信号拍照,通过灰度分析评估小鼠卵巢的颗粒细胞中的荧光信号,检测小鼠卵巢颗粒细胞内的ZP2蛋白.结果:实验组卵巢切片颗粒细胞区抗透明带ZP2抗体标记的荧光信号灰度值(1. 88±0. 57)明显比对照组(1. 20±0. 11)强.结论:小鼠卵巢颗粒细胞也表达透明带ZP2蛋白.     

小鼠ZP2肽的基因克隆和原核表达载体的构建

目的:克隆小鼠卵透明带2(mZP2)肽的基因并构建原核表达载体.方法:从小鼠卵巢组织中分离出mRNA,并以此作为模板,通过RT-PCR扩增出小鼠ZP2肽的cDNA片段,将其克隆到pET原核表达载体.将该重组mZP2基因转化Rosetta-gami(DE3)pLysS菌,通过SDS-PAGE和Western blotti...     

ZP2抑或ZP3——精卵识别机制的争辩

本文综述受精研究的新进展,精子与卵透明带的识别是受精过程中的一个关键过程。自从上世纪七十年代以来,国际上有关实验室对受精机理进行了系统的研究,取得了明显的进展,建立了精卵识别的经典理论,认为卵透明带ZP3是精子的初级受体与顶体反应的诱导剂。然而,近年来的深入研究结果与原来的理论发生明显冲突,使得原来清晰的阐述变得迷糊,原来顺理成章的结论重新变成疑点。     

利用RT-PCR技术鉴定人ZP3嵌合肽基因在昆虫细胞中的表达

目的：探讨在转录水平上对人卵透明带蛋白3(hZP3)嵌合肽在昆虫细胞中的表达鉴定．方法：用含目的基因的重组病毒感染昆虫细胞，用LiCl法提取RNA，以其为模板，利用一步法RT-PCR反转录出目的DNA．结果：琼脂糖凝胶电泳显示其PCR产物只有一条DNA条带且与目的基因大小一致，而阴性对照未见任何条带．结论：hZP3嵌和肽基因在重组病毒感染的昆虫细胞中成功转录，初步验证了目的基因的表达．     

颗粒细胞存活或凋亡因子对卵泡生长与闭锁的调控

颗粒细胞的生存或凋亡在决定卵泡的发育的命运方面发挥着重要作用,它既可以提供促进卵泡生长、发育维持的因子,也可以产生促使卵泡凋亡的因子。在这篇文章中,我们将重点讨论存在于颗粒细胞中调控卵泡生长和闭锁的因子,包括胰岛素样生长因子、细胞因子、凋亡配体-受体系统、BCL2家族成员。     

Frizzed家族基因mRNA在小鼠动情周期卵巢组织中的表达规律

运用Real-time Q-PCR方法分析了Frizzed1-10mRNA在小鼠动情周期卵巢中的相对表达水平.结果发现10个Frizzed家族基因中,除Frizzed8外,其他均有不同水平的表达.其中Frizzed1和2在动情前期表达水平显著高于其他3个时期水平,约是间情期水平的4倍(P<0.05);动情前期和间情期的Frizzed3表达水平约是另2个时期的1.5倍(P<0.05);Frizzed4在动情期表达水平显著高于其他3个时期,约是间情期的3倍(P<0.05);间情期Frizzed5表达水平显著高于动情前期和动情期,约是动情期的5倍(P<0.05);Frizzed7表达类似于Frizzed5,间情期表达水平约是动情前期的4倍(P<0.05);Frizzed10的表达在动情前期表达水平约是动情期的3倍(P<0.05);Frizzed6和9在4个时期的表达无显著差别(P<0.05).以上结果表明:Frizzeds在4个动情时期卵巢中广泛而差异表达,并推测Frizzed1—4可能在动情周期卵泡发育过程中具有重要作用.     

重组人卵ZP3肽段在毕赤酵母中的表达

目的:用毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)表达人透明带hZP3片段,研究其抗生育作用.方法:设计特定引物从hZP3全长序列中PCR扩增794～1282nt基因片段,将扩增片段克隆到酵母表达载体pPICZα上, 构建成重组质粒pPICZα-hZP3CT,线性化后的重组质粒导入毕赤酵母中,筛选出高拷贝菌株,甲醇诱导目的蛋白表达.用SDS-PAGE 和Western blotting 分析表达产物.结果:成功构建酵母表达载体,并在酵母菌株X-33中诱导表达重组蛋白.重组蛋白可以与鼠抗重组人卵透明带hZP3融合肽段的抗血清发生特异结合,表明目的基因成功表达.结论:重组hZP3蛋白已在酵母中成功表达,目的蛋白能与相应的抗体结合.     

小鼠无透明带胚胎培养方法的优化

目的:探索合适的小凹制作方法以培养小鼠无透明带胚胎,完善WOW(the well of the well)系统,为手工克隆技术提供支持,提高核移植生产效率.方法:对WOW系统进行改进,用金属针、玻璃针及胚胎聚集针分别做小凹,比较这三种方法制作的小凹对小鼠无透明带受精胚胎的培养效果.结果:胚胎聚集针所做小凹的囊胚发育率显...     

TIMP-4 mRNA在小鼠子宫中的表达和激素调节

为研究TIMP-4 mRNA在子宫中的变化规律,采用半定量RT-PCR方法,观察了TIMP-4 mRNA在出生后小鼠子宫不同发育期、动情周期、妊娠早期以及假孕早期子宫中的表达和激素调节。结果发现,TIMP-4 mRNA在出生后不同发育期的小鼠子宫中、动情周期的任何时期、妊娠第1天以及假孕第1天的子宫中都不表达,但在妊娠和假孕第2天、第3天、第4天的子宫中都表达。以上结果提示,TIMP-4 mRNA在妊娠小鼠子宫中的表达可能不依赖存活胚胎的激活,而可能受母体妊娠分泌物的上调。     

Expression of functional human interleukin-2 receptor in mouse T cells by cDNA transfection

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) in combination with the IL-2 receptor has an essential role in antigen-stimulated proliferation of T lymphocytes. It has been proposed that the constitutive expression of the IL-2 receptor on adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL) cells may be associated with transformation of T cells. Although we and others have isolated complementary DNA clones encoding a protein that binds IL-2, formal proof that this protein is the IL-2 receptor requires demonstration of IL-2-dependent growth stimulation of cells expressing the protein. In addition, a functional assay system other than binding of IL-2 is required to investigate the molecular mechanism of signal transmission through the IL-2 receptor using artificially mutated cDNA. The IL-2 receptor expressed in non-lymphoid cells by cDNA transfection did not mediate a growth signal, implying that lymphoid cells expressing the functional receptor might have specific accessory molecule(s) for signal transmission by the receptor. Therefore, we established a line of IL-2-dependent mouse cells (CT/hR) expressing both murine (endogenous) and human IL-2 receptors. Here, by blocking the endogenous mouse IL-2 receptors with monoclonal antibodies, we show that the human IL-2 receptor of CT/hR cells is functionally active. Although CT/hR expressed the human IL-2 receptor constitutively, growth of these cells was strictly dependent on IL-2, indicating that uncontrolled over-expression of the IL-2 receptor was not by itself sufficient for T-cell transformation.     

Expression of N-myc in teratocarcinoma stem cells and mouse embryos

The N-myc gene, which is distantly related to the proto-oncogene c-myc, was first detected as an amplified sequence in human neuroblastoma cell lines and tumours. It has since been revealed that there is up to a 300-fold amplification of N-myc DNA in almost 50% of advanced metastatic human neuroblastomas, whereas amplification is not detected in less advanced tumours that have a better prognosis (ref.3 and M.S., unpublished data). Although expression of N-myc is detectable in all neuroblastoma cell lines and tumours examined, its level is greatly enhanced when the N-myc gene is amplified. Recently, it has been shown that on co-transfection with the c-Ha-ras (EJ) gene, N-myc can induce the malignant transformation of rat embryo fibroblasts. Taken together, these data imply a function for N-myc in the development and/or progression of human neuroblastomas. Surveys indicate that N-myc also may be amplified and/or expressed in two other types of human tumours and cell lines derived from them: retinoblastomas and small cell lung cancers. Here, we report that N-myc is expressed at high levels in mouse and human teratocarcinoma stem cells, thus identifying another tumour cell type that expresses the N-myc gene. In addition, we found that N-myc is abundantly expressed in mouse embryos at mid-gestation and that its expression appears to decrease as the embryo approaches term. In the adult mouse, N-myc is expressed at an approximately fivefold lower level in the brain than in teratocarcinoma stem cells and embryos, and at even lower levels in the adult testis and kidney. Our data represent the first demonstration of expression of the N-myc gene in normal cells, and suggest that N-myc may be involved in mammalian embryogenesis.     

Expression of a VHC kappa chimaeric protein in mouse myeloma cells

The heavy (H) and light (L) chains of antibodies consist of variable (V) and constant (C) regions. The V regions of the heavy and light chains form the antibody combining site. To determine whether a V region could be functional when joined to a polypeptide other than its own C region, we constructed a chimaeric gene encoding the V region of a mouse heavy chain and the C region of a mouse kappa light chain ( VHC kappa). The heavy-chain gene is derived from an A/J mouse hybridoma cell line 36-65 whose antibody product (gamma 1, kappa) is specific for the hapten azophenylarsonate. We report here that, when introduced into a mouse myeloma cell line, the chimaeric gene is expressed and a protein of the expected molecular weight is secreted into the medium. As light chains tend to dimerize we expected that the VHC kappa protein might associate with light chain from the cell line 36-65 to form an antibody-binding molecule. Affinity binding experiments and Ka determination indicate that this is the case. Dimers of this type offer a novel and interesting alternative to existing antibody-binding molecules.     

Localization of orphan receptor TR3 mRNA in early developmental follicles in rat

Byin situ hybridization, the localization of orphan receptor TR3 mRNA has been observed in early developmental follicles. TR3 mRNA is first expressed in the ovarian interstitial cells on day 2 after birth, and then in granulosa cells (GC) in primary follicles on day 4. The expression level of TR3 mRNA in GC increases following the follicular development. Its higher expression can be observed in the outer layer of GC and inner layer of theca cells (TC) on day 6, where the cells present active proliferation and differentiation. The expression of TR3 is in an increasing manner until the large antral follicles on day 30. The mRNA is only expressed in the healthy, but not atretic follicles in adult rat ovaries. Injection of epidermal growth factor (EGF) has dramatically enhanced its expression in the early stage of developmental follicles. It is therefore suggested that TR3 may play a role in regulating growth and differentiation of ovarian somatic cells in the early stage, and its expression is regulated by EGF.     

Expression and regulation of orphan receptor TR2 mRNA in germ cells of cryptorchid testis in rat and rhesus monkey

Expression and cellular localization of orphan receptor TR2 mRNA in relation to germ cell apoptosis in cryptorchid testes of rat and rhesus monkey have been studied by usingin situ hybridization andin situ 3′-end labeling of DNA fragments (TUNEL). The results show that: (i) TR2 mRNA is specifically expressed in the germ cells, mainly in the spermatocytes, round and elongated spermatids. The expression level of TR2 mRNA varies with the seminiferous cycle, (ii) In the rat cryptorchid testes on days 3 and 5 after the surgery, the germ cells began to undergo apoptosis with no evident decrease in TR2 mRNA level. On day 7.5, however, most germ cells underwent apoptosis, while the expression level of TR2 mRNA declined markedly, and TR2 mRNA was rarely expressed on day 10 thereafter, (iii) On days 15 and 20 of the cryptorchid testes of rhesus monkey, TR2 mRNA was only expressed in a few of primary spermatocytes and the mRNA was almost undetectable on days 30, 45, 60. These results suggest that TR2 mRNA probably plays an important role in spermatogenesis and germ cell apoptosis.     

Expression of c-myc changes during differentiation of mouse erythroleukaemia cells

The transforming gene of avian myelocytomatosis virus MC29, v-myc, causes a variety of malignancies in chickens. A cellular homologue, c-myc, has been implicated in B-cell malignancies in mice and humans but is also expressed in many normal cell types and may be important in the control of normal cell proliferation. c-myc is highly conserved in vertebrates. We have been investigating the relationship between c-myc expression and the terminal differentiation of cultured mouse erythroleukaemia (MEL) cells. We find that the level of c-myc messenger RNA shows a rapid biphasic change in MEL cells induced to differentiate by dimethyl sulphoxide or hypoxanthine. The changes occur during the first few hours of the differentiation programme and require active protein synthesis. These data suggest that changes in c-myc expression may be important in the irreversible commitment of MEL cells to terminal erythroid differentiation.     

Rabbit beta-globin mRNA production in mouse L cells transformed with cloned rabbit beta-globin chromosomal DNA

Mouse thymidine kinase-negative L cells were transformed with a cloned rabbit chromosomal beta-globin gene linked to the clone thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus type 1. Most thymidine kinase-positive cell lines contained one or more copies of rabbit beta-globin DNA and produced up to 2,000 copies of rabbit beta-globin RNA per cell indistinguishable from its authentic counterpart. No mouse beta-globin mRNA was detected.