紧凑型圆极化模式转换器

 提出了一种结构紧凑的、能将圆波导TM01模或同轴波导TEM模转换为圆极化TE₁₁模的高功率微波模式转换器。该转换器由前后2个十字转门波导结对接组成,前者首先把圆波导TM₀₁模转变为4个矩形波导中的TE₁₀模,4个矩形波导的长度不等;后者再把4个经过不同相位延迟的矩形波导TE₁₀模转变为圆波导中的圆极化TE₁₁模。对所设计的1.75 GHz模式转换器进行了仿真研究,在中心频率上,该模式转换器转换效率为99%,轴比为0.03 dB;在1.575~1.900 GHz的频率范围内,转换效率大于90%,轴比小于2.5 dB,对应带宽为18.6%。     

高功率微波弯曲圆波导设计

 报道了可分别传输TM₀₁模和TE₀₁模的两种弯曲圆波导的设计方法和计算结果。研究表明：所设计的TM01模弯曲波导和TE₀₁模弯曲波导在中心频率上传输效率均超过99.5%,传输效率大于95%的带宽分别达到20.0%和14.4%;该两个弯曲波导也分别适用于传输TE₁₁模和TM₁₁模;水平极化TE₁₁模与TM₀₁模、垂直极化TM₁₁模与TE₀₁模在弯曲圆波导中传输时具有相似的传输效率和频带特性;而垂直极化TE₁₁模、水平极化TM₁₁模由于不易和其它模式耦合,在弯曲波导中传输时具有较高的传输效率。     

轴向反馈式虚阴极振荡器辐射微波模式的远场测定

 采用远场测量法测量了虚阴极振荡器波导口的微波辐射方向图及虚阴极振荡器波导口处接上TM₀₁-TE₁₁模式转换器时的微波辐射方向图,接收喇叭口面与微波辐射口之间的距离为1.00 m,满足远场条件。结果表明：两种情况下的辐射主模式分别为TM₀₁模式和TE₁₁模式,从而证实了在实验装置轴对称的条件下,轴向虚阴极振荡器的微波辐射主模式确为理论所预期的TM₂模式。对辐射模式的分析表明,TM₀₁模式纯度约为90%,TE₁₁模式的辐射功率为TM₀₁模式的5%左右;TE₂₁,TE₀₁和TM₁₁模式三者的总辐射功率较TM₀₁模式低一个量级以上,微波辐射功率大于300 MW,辐射频率为4.6 GHz左右,微波脉宽大于40 ns。     

用于速调管功率合成输出结构的转向波导设计

 为X波段高峰值功率速调管功率合成输出结构设计了一个工作在9 GHz的转向波导,用于连接功率合成器和速调管输出腔。转向波导结构由中心矩形谐振腔、两个矩形耦合孔和两边的输入输出波导组成;输入和输出波导由速调管输出腔和功率合成器确定,分别工作在TE₁₀和TE₀₁模式,它们相互垂直并偏离矩形谐振腔的中心;中间的矩形谐振腔工作在TM₁₁₀,TE₁₀₁和TE₀₁₁混合模式。这种转向波导结构的3个反射零点构成了较宽的传输通带。将连接转向波导结构的功率合成器加载到速调管输出腔,计算了功率合成器加载后速调管输出腔的间隙阻抗。计算结果表明：功率合成器的加载对输出腔间隙阻抗影响不大。设计的转向波导结构很好地应用到了速调管功率合成输出结构中。     

过模圆转弯波导的设计与实验

 研究了一种新型的过模圆转弯波导,可实现圆波导TM₀₁模的转弯传输。介绍了这种过模圆转弯波导的基本原理：即沿转弯平面插入一块金属板,将圆波导转换为两个半圆波导。圆波导TM₀₁模在半圆波导中转换为半圆波导TE₁₁模,经转弯传输后,重新将半圆波导TE₀₁模转换为圆波导TM₀₁模,从而实现圆波导TM₀₁模的转弯传输。基于这一原理设计了一个中心频率为2.856 GHz、转弯45°的过模圆转弯波导,并进行了数值模拟和实验研究。实验结果表明：其转弯半径为123.7 mm,转弯半径较小;在中心频点2.856 GHz处,传输损耗约为0.247 dB,驻波系数为1.217;在2.75～2.95 GHz的频率范围内传输损耗小于0.53 dB,驻波系数小于1.34。     

圆波导TE11主模辐射方向性系数的误差分析

 对不同尺寸圆波导TE₁₁模，以及TE₁₁和TM₀₁不同比例混合模式的辐射情况进行了模拟研究，得到了E面、H面功率方向图，通过高功率微波远场测量常采用的假设方向图对称的方法，计算出E面、H面方向性系数，并与模拟得到的方向性系数进行对比。结果表明：TE₁₁单模及TE₁₁模与功率占5%，10%的TM₀₁模混合情况下，H面方向性系数与模拟得到的方向性系数最大差值小于0.8 dB，E面方向性系数与模拟值最小差值大于1 dB。因此，在这些情况下，H面方向性系数更接近于方向性系数，采用H面方向性系数计算功率结果更接近实际值。     

回旋速调管输入耦合器分析与设计

 对Ka波段工作模式为TE₀₁模和TE₀₂模的两种回旋速调管的输入耦合器进行了详细研究,利用模式匹配理论和HFSS建模仿真计算了内圆柱腔和外同轴腔的尺寸;提出了一种与软件计算相结合的模式纯度计算方法,对内腔工作模式纯度、内外腔能量分数进行了计算。内腔侧面上的耦合缝的大小、角向位置都直接决定外同轴腔内的TE_m11模向内圆柱腔的TE_0n1模的耦合情况。针对耦合缝与输入波导成45°和0°分布两种情况,研究了耦合缝长、宽和角向偏移,以及内外腔频差对频率、Q值及内腔能量分数的影响。分别设计了Ka波段内腔工作模式为TE₀₁₁、外腔为TE₄₁₁和内腔TE₀₂₁、外腔TE₈₁₁的两种输入耦合器,并利用矢量网络分析仪对内腔工作模式为TE₀₁₁的耦合器进行了冷高频测量,测得频率为34.257 GHz,与计算结果34.300 GHz仅相差43 MHz。     

一种新型同轴TEM-圆波导TE11模式变换器

 提出了一种新型同轴插板式模式变换器，可以实现同轴TEM到圆波导TE₁₁模式的变换。介绍了这种模式变换器的工作原理：即通过在同轴波导中沿轴向插入金属板，将同轴TEM模变换成扇形截面波导TE₁₁模，进而利用不同扇形截面波导中的相移改变电场分布的轴对称性，在同轴波导中形成同轴TE₁₁模，最后将同轴TE₁₁模转换为圆波导TE₁₁模式。基于这一原理设计了一个中心频率为3.8GHz的同轴TEM-圆波导TE₁₁模式变换器，并进行了数值模拟。模拟结果表明：这种模式变换器可以承受高功率，中心频率上转换效率为98.5%，转换效率大于90%的带宽超过10%，在3.5~4.1GHz的频率范围内反射损耗低于0.3dB。     

高功率毫米波圆波导TM01—TE11模式变换分析

 在数值研究高功率毫米波TM₀₁—TE₁₁光滑弯曲圆波导模式变换的基础上，对弯曲波导的几何结构进行了优化分析。在模式耦合理论的基础上，优化出了比较好的几何结构，并发现了圆波导半径、弯曲圆波导曲率和频率以及频带宽度之间的变化规律。以此数据设计的模式变换器的转换效率可达99%，带宽超过29.8%。     

轴向提取矩形波导TE10模虚阴极振荡器

 轴向提取矩形波导TE₁₀模虚阴极振荡器可以不需要模式转换器或弯曲过渡波导而直接通过天线轴向辐射微波，从而使微波源及其辐射系统更加紧凑。粒子模拟结果表明，在400 keV，8.9 kA的束流条件下，轴向提取矩形波导TE₁₀模虚阴极振荡器在2.12 GHz处可以获得功率为500 MW的高功率微波输出，功率效率为14%，频率、模式纯净。这些结果为相同波段同类装置的小型化提供了一条可能的技术途径。     

双微波源共轴辐射馈线结构的设计

设计了一种将两个不同波段微波源输出微波馈向同一个馈源喇叭的双波段馈线结构。该结构不仅对两个微波源输出的TM01模进行了有效的模式转换,而且实现了两个波段的微波共用辐射天线。采用双弯曲圆波导模式转换器实现高频段微波源输出微波的模式转换和轴线的定量平移;采用中间模式为矩形波导TE10模的圆波导TM01模-同轴波导TE11模的模式转换器,实现低频段微波源输出微波的模式转换及与高频段微波源输出微波的共轴输出。数值仿真结果验证了设计思路的正确性。     

Cold tests of A 10-GHz gyrotron cavity

Experiments have been conducted to characterize a gyrotron cavity designed to operate in theTE ₀₂₁ mode at 10 GHz. Cavity excitation was accomplished via a coupling hole introduced into the cavity wall and mode detection was carried out by means of two experimental arrangements. In the first, electromagnetic energy is coupled into a receiving waveguide through a small second hole drilled in the opposite side of the cavity. The other scheme uses a horn antenna to receive the power reradiated by the open resonator. Both schemes are discussed regarding mode detection, and measured data includes resonant frequency, loadedQ factor, axial electric field profile and farfield radiation pattern. Evaluation of the loadedQ factor is based on bandwidth measurements whereas standing-wave electric field profile is determined by using perturbation techniques. For severalTE modes, close agreeent between theory and experiment is found.     

X波段过模弯曲圆波导TM01-HE11模式变换器研究

在波束波导和反射面天线的馈源应用中, 为了产生低副瓣且方向图等化的高斯波束, 需要将高功率微波转换为准高斯模HE₁₁模辐射. 本文利用弯曲圆波导可同时从TM₀₁模产生TE₁₁模和TM₁₁模的原理, 提出了采用双弯曲过模圆波导结构直接将TM₀₁转换为HE₁₁的模式变换器, 避免了常规微波领域中首先将TM₀₁转换为TE₁₁再用波纹式或半径渐变式TE₁₁-HE₁₁转换器转换为准高斯波束功率容量不足或尺寸过长的不足. 基于模式耦合理论和Taguchi优化算法对模式变换器的弯曲半径、相移直端长度及引入位置进行了优化, 使输出的TE₁₁和TM₁₁成一定比率, 以组成HE₁₁模式, 并对设计的模式变换器进行了全电磁波仿真分析, 结果表明输出波束的标量高斯含量在9.05–9.8 GHz范围内均高于99%, 理论功率容量可达4.5 GW. 关键词： 高功率微波 模式耦合理论 Taguchi优化算法 模式变换器     

Experimental Study of a Slot Antenna Excited by a TE011 Mode Coaxial Cavity

A slot antenna is developed to excite the high harmonic waveguide mode for generating large-area plasmas. This antenna consists of a TE₀₁₁ mode coaxial cavity with the axial slots positioned on equal interval on the inner wall. The waves radiated from those slots can excite the high harmonic mode in the central area. With the azimuthal symmetric wave field of the TE₀₁₁ mode, the number of the slots can be chosen to match the field pattern of the high harmonic mode. In this report, the dispersion relation of the coaxial waveguide, the coupling scheme and the mode competition of the cavity are studied. A method has been successfully developed to suppress the TE₁₂₁ mode which is the most competing mode to the TE₀₁₁ mode.     

A Single-Ridged Coaxial Hybrid TE011 Coupler with High Mode Purity

We design a single-ridged coaxial hybrid coupler which excites a TE₀₁₁ mode of high mode content in a cylindrical cavity, resonating at 28.2GHz. The coupler consists of a WR-28 rectangular waveguide, a coaxial TE_n11 cavity, and a cylindrical TE₀₁₁ cavity. Both TE₃₁₁ coaxial cavity and TE₄₁₁ single-ridged coaxial cavity are analyzed to examine the TE₀₁₁ mode purity in the central cavity. Mode purity analysis is performed by a field expansion method using Fourier-Bessel orthonormal basis functions. Numerical calculations predict that the TE₄₁₁ single-ridged coaxial cavity excites the TE₀₁₁ mode with mode purity of 98.6%, which is improved by 3% higher compared with the TE₃₁₁ coaxial cavity. Measurements on the single-ridged coaxial coupler show a resonant frequency at 28.078GHz and ohmic and external Qs of 1560, 473 respectively, which are in good agreement with the simulated results of a 3-D finite element electromagnetic code.     

TE01, mode propagation at λ = 394μm in smooth and corrugated circular metallic waveguides

The attenuation of the TE₀₁ mode in straight circular metallic waveguides has been measured at λ = 394 μm. The radiation was produced by an optically-pumped HCOOH waveguide laser, with i.d. as small as 4 mm. The losses were measured in smooth waveguides as well as in guides with a fine helical corrugation on the inner wall, designed to reduce the detrimental TE₀₁ ↔ TM₁₁ coupling. The losses in both types of guides were substantial, being, respectively, of the order of 30 and 60% per meter, for 4.8 mm i.d. tubes; this is more than an order of magnitude larger than the theoretically expected values.     

A partially reflecting metal cladding: its effect on the modes of dielectric optical waveguides

If the metal cladding of a dielectric optical waveguide is sufficiently thin to be only partially reflecting, then the waveguide modes differ from those of the conventional metal-clad waveguide. The TE modes are little affected by a variation in the metal thickness but the TM modes change considerably due to a coupling between the waveguide modes and the surface plasma waves supported by both the metal: dielectric interfaces and the metal film. It is the refractive index of the dielectric cladding which is remote from the guiding core that determines whether the lowest order TM mode is the TM₀ or TM₁ mode. This dielectric cladding also strongly influences the attenuation of the TM modes and, if the guide supports a TM₀ mode, then the attenuation of the TM modes far from cut-off are an order of magnitude higher than that of the corresponding modes when the guide cannot support a TM₀ mode. If the guide can support a TM₀ mode then its dimensions can be chosen such that it will support the TE_N and TM_N modes with equal phase velocities. A lossless approximation is used to develop an expression which will specify the required guide dimensions directly and parametric plots of these dimensions are discussed.     

Numerical Simulation of Waveguide TM01-TE11 Mode Converter Using FDTD Method

We study a transmission problem of an electromagnetic pulse with given transversal structure passing through a waveguide converter from TM₀₁ to TE₁₁ mode of circular waveguide. Using FDTD numerical simulation method we have investigated mode structure of the pulse at the output of the converter and its dependence on pulse length at the input. Also we have obtained frequency characteristic by calculating Fourier response for a pulse with wide spectrum.     

A Mode Converter with Multi-waveguide Output from the TE01 Circular Waveguide Mode to the TE10 Rectangular Mode for Millimeter Wave Gyro-device Applications

A mode converter with multi-waveguide output for millimeter wave gyro-device applications is proposed in this article, which is used to convert the TE₀₁ circular waveguide mode into the TE₁₀ rectangular waveguide mode. Computer simulations with Ansoft HFSS code show that the energy transmission coefficient of larger than 95.96% may be reached in the frequency range from 34.094 GHz to 35.8 GHz (a bandwidth of 1.706 GHz) at a VSWR of lower than 1.5 for the input operating mode.     

Method for synthesis of wideband multimode waveguide elements

We propose a modification of the iterative method for synthesis of waveguide mode converters, which allows obtaining various elements of microwave transmission lines with a wide operating frequency band. The efficiency of the synthesis is illustrated by the calculated waveguide components. This method makes it possible to synthesize converters with significantly improved characteristics, e.g., a converter of the TM_0,1 mode to the rotating TE_3,1 mode, a converter of the TM_0,1 to the TE_1,1 mode, a converter of the TE_1,1 mode of a smooth waveguide to the HE_1,1 mode of a corrugated waveguide, and a waveguide 90° bend for the TE_1,1 mode. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 50, No. 9, pp. 793–799, September 2007.