2D NMR技术在多季碳二萜结构确定中的应用

应用二维核磁共振技术（2D NMR：¹H-¹H COSY、HMQC、HMBC）, 尤其是HMBC谱准确归属了多季碳二萜伊丽莎白素B（Elisabatin B）的¹H,¹³C信号,并经与已报道的数据比较,进一步明确指定了11个季碳的化学位移. 以伊丽莎白素B为例,较系统阐明了几种二 维核磁共振技术在天然产物结构确定中的作用和方法.     

川西致密气藏二维核磁共振测井优化设计与应用

二维核磁共振（NMR）测井在储层参数计算与流体性质判别应用中的作用逐渐受到重视.然而在川西致密气藏开展二维NMR测井应用之初,遇到了现有观测模式下资料采集效率较低、测井结果与地质条件不匹配等难题.通过对比两种常用的二维NMR测井方法,开展致密气藏二维NMR测井观测模式设计方法研究,结合致密气藏实际应用效果分析,明确了横向弛豫时间-纵向弛豫时间（T₂-T₁）方法比横向弛豫时间-自扩散系数（T₂-D）方法更适用于致密气藏,总结了一套致密气藏二维NMR测井观测模式设计流程与参数取值方法,设计出了适用于致密气藏的观测模式TGR01（tight gas reservoir 01）.新设计的观测模式在致密气藏的应用效果优于现有的二维NMR测井观测模式,结合T₂-T₁方法可以有效识别储层中的流体信号,解决致密气藏综合评价难题.     

理论预测晶体表面吸附二维原子岛的形状

提出了凝结势概念用以建立一种预测晶体表面吸附二维原子岛几何结构的理论方法.基于半经验相互作用势（SEAM势和OJ势）的计算表明,同相外延生长的二维原子岛在Cu和Ag的（111）面呈现正六边形结构, 而在Pt（111）面呈现截角三角形状;Cu和Ag的（100）面二维岛则形成正方形.这些理论预测均与实验观测结果一致.由于凝结势的计算不受原子数量的限制,该模型可普遍应用于预测各种表面二维原子岛形状. 关键词： 表面吸附 二维原子岛 量子点     

原子厚度的二维亚波长超透镜

超透镜（Metalens）是结合了超表面原理和超薄平板光学原理制作的一类自身尺度在亚波长范围内,能够对光波前进行重塑的新兴人工光学器件。二维范德华材料的出现为超透镜光学器件提供了丰富的材料选择以及功能调控方面的可能。以石墨烯、过渡族金属硫族化合物等为典型代表的二维材料归功于其层间相对较弱的范德华相互作用,可通过机械剥离、化学气相沉积等方法获得原子层厚度平整的单晶,天然满足超透镜材料厚度尺寸要求,其自身以及溶于溶剂形成的二维液晶材料均具有优异的电学、光学、机械、磁性等丰富的物理特性,且性能高度可调控,使得基于二维材料的超透镜除能满足传统透镜的特性功能外,还有望通过包括静电调控等方式得到具有可调控的新奇物理特性。因此,对基于二维材料的超透镜的发展现状进行总结,并结合其材料结构特性进行相关的展望对该行业的发展是十分迫切的。本综述主要围绕二维材料超透镜展开,概述了该类透镜的研究进展,包括二维层状材料以及二维液晶材料、二维材料超透镜的潜在应用前景,以及对二维超透镜这一新兴研究领域未来的发展方向进行了适当的总结与展望。     

新型二维材料在固体激光器中的应用研究进展

本文主要介绍了二维可饱和吸收体材料在固体激光器中的应用与研究进展。简要介绍了新型二维材料的性质和优点。以石墨烯、拓扑绝缘体、过渡金属硫化物和黑磷等新型二维材料为例分析了它们在固体激光器中实现调Q或锁模的过程,展示了二维材料在脉冲固体激光研究中的重要应用前景。二维材料与固体激光器的结合,可进一步推进二维材料的研究,有望开发出大量新型固体激光器件并且作为基础光源应用于多个领域,推动相关领域的发展。     

基于结构光投影的二维S变换轮廓术

S变换是一种集合了窗口傅里叶变换和小波变换优点的时频分析技术,目前一维S变换已成功应用于结构光投影的条纹相位解调中。由于二维S变换可以对图像在两个方向上进行时频分析,具有更优于一维S变换的分析和处理能力。为了完善S变换的条纹相位解调理论,将二维S变换方法引入到基于结构光投影的三维光学测量中,研究了二维S变换在条纹相位解调中的原理及应用,给出了详尽的理论分析,并同一维S变换结果进行了比较。模拟和实验都表明,在条纹图解相中,二维S变换比一维S变换提取的相位精度更高,即使在存在较严重噪声污染的情况下也表现出良好的可靠性,体现出二维S变换提取相位的优势。     

二维平面光栅角色散公式的完整解析形式及分析

在矢量衍射理论基础上给出了任意入射状态下二维平面光栅的光栅方 程，推导出二维平面光栅角色散公式的完整解析形式，确立了二维平面光栅衍射极角 角色散（第一类角色散）和衍射方位角角色散（第二类角色散）的概念. 通过二维平面光栅 衍射极角和衍射方位角角色散的理论分析和数值计算，阐明了当入射波矢偏离光栅法线时， 衍射光斑阵列发生畸变的机理，并明确指出了引起衍射方位角角色散的突变、导致衍射光斑 阵列剧烈变化的条件，因而具有理论上的意义. 在实际应用方面，以晶体和量子点 的x射线衍射、低能电子衍射和反射式高能电子衍射为 关键词： 二维平面光栅 衍射极角角色散 衍射方位角角色散 晶体电子衍射     

二维产品二维成组更换间隔期优化研究

针对故障受日历时间与使用时间共同影响的二维产品,传统的只按照单一时间变量开展的预防性维修已不能满足二维产品的实际维修保障需求,鉴于此,本文针对二维产品提出了二维预防性维修的策略,以日历时间与使用时间对二维产品进行二维预防性维修决策。本文首先建立二维产品故障率函数表达式,然后对二维预防性维修的过程进行具体的分析,在有限使用条件下分别从经济性的角度与任务性的角度建立二维成组更换的费用模型与可用度模型。根据所建模型,结合实例,采用了费效分析中的费效比准则来优化二维成组更换间隔期,通过对比分析验证了该模型的适用性与有效性,最后对二维预防性维修提出了展望。     

二维本征铁电体及其多铁耦合的研究进展

铁电材料因其具有可被外场调控的电极化状态,以及在传感器、光电器件和信息存储器件中具有潜在应用前景,所以一直以来都是凝聚态物理领域的研究热点.随着微电子集成技术的飞速发展,电子器件日益趋于微型化、集成化和多功能化.传统块体铁电材料因受尺寸效应、界面效应等因素影响,难以满足此发展需求,因而低维铁电材料引起了学术界的广泛关注.近年来,实验上已成功制备出稳定的室温二维铁电材料,第一性原理计算等理论方法对新材料的预测和设计也促进了二维铁电材料的发展.同时,利用二维铁电性与铁谷性、磁性的多铁耦合效应,可以实现电控谷极化、电控磁性等调控机制.多重自由度的相互耦合,会产生如能谷间圆(线)偏振光学选择性、量子自旋霍尔效应等奇异物理特性,对于自旋电子学、谷电子学及光学的发展具有重大的意义.本文首先介绍近年来新型二维铁电材料在理论和实验方面的研究进展,以及二维铁电材料在铁电隧道结、铁电二极管等二维铁电器件中的应用.其次阐述了二维电控铁谷性和电控磁性的多铁耦合效应及其衍生出的新物理现象和机制.最后对二维铁电材料和其他物理性质耦合所具有的丰富物理内涵和广阔应用前景,进行了分析与探讨.     

二维红外光谱

文章对二维红外光谱的历史、实验设备、方法原理、具体应用进行了简要的介绍,并对它的前景进行了展望.二维红外光谱是一种通过多束超快（10-15s（1fs）—10-12s（1ps）、中红外（400—4000cm-1）激光对分子的化学键的振动模式进行顺序激发, 从而获得关于分子动态及静态结构信息的方法.它的原理非常类似于二维核磁共振, 但要快上大约6个数量级.现在它已经开始被应用于研究平衡态下快速的分子变化,分子间相互作用（如氢键,偶极-偶极相互作用等）在常温液体里的动态变化, 水氢键网络的演变过程,小分子、多肽和蛋白的静态或瞬间结构变化.     

Mathematical principle and characteristics of polarization transform

The precise definition of polarization transform is proposed from the viewpoint of polarization domain transform for the first time. The mathematical principle, characteristics and physical meanings of polarization transform are analyzed. Two typical kinds of polarization transforms which are called unitary matrix polarization transform (UMPT) and diagonal matrix polarization transform (DMPT) are put forward. The gain property and the change property of polarization state distance are presented in detail. Thereby, the concept of serial polarization transform is proposed. A general polarization transform can be realized by two steps: changing the location of polarization states in polarization domain by UMPT; and expanding or compressing the density of polarization states by DMPT. The result is meaningful to many applications including polarization filtering, detection, enhancement, anti-jamming, discrimination and so on. Supported in part by the National Excellent PhD Dissertations Fund of China (Grant No. 08100101), the New Century Excellent Talents Fund of China (Grant No. NCET-04-0997), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60672033) and the Excellent PhD Fund of National University of Defense Technology (Grant No. B070401)     

A Pan-sharpening method appropriate to vegetation applications

An improved Pan-sharpening algorithm appropriate to vegetation applications is proposed to fuse a set of IKONOS panchromatic （PAN） and multispectral image （MSI） data. The normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） is introduced to evaluate the quality of fusion products. Compared with other methods such as principal component analysis （PCA）, wavelet transform （WT）, and curvelet transform （CT）, this algorithm has a better trade-off between keeping the spatial and spectral information. The NDVI performances indicate that the fusion product of this method is more suitable for vegetation applications than the other methods.     

基于联合子波变换的目标轮廓抽取技术

子波变换是目标特征抽取的有效方法。本文把联合变换相关技术与子波变换结合起来，建立了一套新的子波变换光学实验系统。推导了联合子波变换的基本理论，并给出了联合子波换相关器在目标特征抽取应用中的实验结果。     

光学可分离小波变换的研究

为改进光学小波变换,提出了光学可分离小波变换的概念。通过对光学小波变换的必要条件进行分析,采用层叠算法和二维可分离小波变换构造方法计算出了尺度和小波函数的二维离散近似序列。将新的母小波引入到光学小波变换中,获得了光学可分离小波变换。通过与现有光学小波变换及二维可分离离散小波变换进行比较说明了其优点。     

Optical image compression based on adaptive directional prediction discrete wavelet transform

The traditional lifting wavelet transform cannot effectively reconstruct the nonhorizontal and nonvertical high-frequency information of an image. In this paper, we present a new image compression method based on adaptive directional prediction discrete wavelet transform (ADP-DWT). We first design a directional prediction model to obtain the optimal transform direction of the lifting wavelet. Then, we execute the directional lifting transform along the optimal transform direction. The edge and texture energy can be reduced in the nonhorizontal and nonvertical directions of the high-frequency sub-bands. Finally, the wavelet coefficients are coded with the set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) algorithm. The new method holds the advantages of both adaptive directional lifting (ADL) and direction-adaptive discrete wavelet transform (DA-DWT), and the computational complexity is far lower than that in these methods. For the images containing regular and fine textures or edges, the coding preformance of ADP-DWT is better than that of ADL and DA-DWT.     

Emission tomography of radially symmetric objects and exponential Abelian transform

The properties of the exponential Abelian transform (EAT), which is defined as the exponential Radon transform (ERT) of a radially symmetric object just as the Abelian transform is the Radon transform of a radially symmetric object, are considered. A new approach to deriving the inverse EAT directly from the inverse ERT is suggested. The problems of numerical implementation of the EAT are discussed, including the problem of loss of information from deep-seated regions of the object, which is nonexistent in the case of the conventional Abel transform. The results obtained may be useful for reconstructing the spatial distribution of axisymmetric or spherically symmetric radiation sources.     

傅里叶变换光谱仪中的主要技术环节

本文总结了在研制傅里叶交换光谱仪(FTS)或成象傅里叶变换光谱仪(IFTS)时应当考虑的主要技术环节,包括仪器函数、光谱分辨率、扩展光源、动镜运动误差、噪音等效功率、信噪比等,并给出相应计算公式.     

High order generalized permutational fractional Fourier transforms

We generalize the definition of the fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) by extending the new definition proposed by Shih. The generalized FRFT, called the high order generalized permutational fractional Fourier transform (HGPFRFT), is a generalized permutational transform. It is shown to have arbitrary natural number M periodic eigenvalues not only with respect to the order of Hermite－Gaussian functions but also to the order of the transform. This HGPFRFT will be reduced to the original FRFT proposed by Namias and Liu's generalized FRFT and Shih's FRFT at the three limits with M=+∞, M=4k(k is a natural number), and M=4, respectively. Therefore the HGPFRFT introduces a comprehensive approach to Shih's FRFT and the original definition. Some important properties of HGPFRFT are discussed. Lastly the results of computer simulations and symbolic representations of the transform are provided.     

Time variation of the electromagnetic transfer function of the earth estimated by using wavelet transform

In order to accurately estimate the geomagnetic transfer functions in the area of the volcano Mt. Iwate (IWT), we applied the interstation transfer function (ISTF) method to the three-component geomagnetic field data observed at Mt. Iwate station (IWT), using the Kakioka Magnetic Observatory, JMA (KAK) as remote reference station. Instead of the conventional Fourier transform, in which temporary transient noises badly degrade the accuracy of long term properties, continuous wavelet transform has been used. The accuracy of the results was as high as that of robust estimations of transfer functions obtained by the Fourier transform method. This would provide us with possibilities for routinely monitoring the transfer functions, without sophisticated statistical procedures, to detect changes in the underground electrical conductivity structure.     

Generalized wavelet transform based on the convolution operator in the linear canonical transform domain

The wavelet transform (WT) and linear canonical transform (LCT) have been shown to be powerful tool for optics and signal processing. In this paper, firstly, we introduce a novel time-frequency transformation tool coined the generalized wavelet transform (GWT), based on the idea of the LCT and WT. Then, we derive some fundamental results of this transform, including its basis properties, inner product theorem and convolution theorem, inverse formula and admissibility condition. Further, we also discuss the time-fractional-frequency resolution of the GWT. The GWT is capable of representing signals in the time-fractional-frequency plane. Last, some potential applications of the GWT are also presented to show the advantage of the theory. The GWT can circumvent the limitations of the WT and the LCT.