简化Navier-Stokes方程组(SNSE)的几个精确解

对不可压二维驻点流、三维驻点流和旋转圆盘附近的流动等三种流动情况,本文给出简化Navier-Stokes方程组(SNSE)及其精确解。表明:文献[1]理论的SNSE的精确解,在三种流动情况下均与完全Navier-Stokes方程组(NSE)的精确解完全一致;文献[3]SNSE的精确解的速度解与完全NSE精确解的速度解一致,但压力解在三种流动情况下均与完全NSE精确解的压力解不同。文献[3]SNSE精确解给出的压力分布相对与完全NSE精确解给出的压力分布的最大相对误差为100％。     

流体力学基本方程组(BEFM)的层次结构理论和简化Navier-Stokes方程组(SNSE)

本文从流场中空间和时间的尺度分析及流体力学基本方程组(BEFM)中诸项的量级分析出发,提出了BEFM的层次结构理论,表明:当特征雷诺数Re>l、且一坐标方向的长度尺度大于其它坐标方向的长度尺度吋,按照BEFM中诸项的量级关系,形成从Euler方程到 BEFM 和从边界层方程到 BEFM 的两支层次结构,文中以二维可压缩流动和不可压缩轴对称射流为例说明了两支层次结构的关系和特点,分析了诸层次方程组的特征、次特征(Subcharacteristics)以及它们的数学性质,并把诸层次方程组与已有的诸简化Navier-Stakes方程组(SNSE)作了对照比较。     

考虑惯性效应的渗流方程及相关阻力标度律

本文基于体积平均法推导得到了多孔介质中考虑惯性效应时的局部线化宏观流动方程,由此可以递推得到较大雷诺数Re 时Navier-Stokes 方程的解,从而避免了直接求解Navier-Stokes 方程所带来的计算成本高和计算稳定性差的问题．针对正方形周期排列模型的算例表明,平均速度方向与宏观压力梯度方向并不总是一致,一般情况下,随着Re 增大,二者差异也会增大．当固定平均速度方向v ? 时,压差阻力在较大的Re 范围内存在标度律,标度指数约为3．该标度指数与弱惯性区域标度指数一致,但弱惯性区域Re 范围仅为0相似文献   

高雷诺数流动的基本控制方程体系和扩散跑物化Navier-Stokes方程组的意义和用途

在计算机发达的时代, 高雷诺($Re$)数绕流计算中有无必要使用简化NS方程组, 本文讨论这个问题. 主要内容如下: (1)高$Re$数绕流包含3种基本流动: 所有方向对流占优流动、所有方向对流扩散竞争流动和部分方向对流占优部分方向对流扩散竞争流动(简称干扰剪切流动), 3个基本流动的特征彼此不同且在流场中所占领域大小彼此相差悬殊, NS方程区域很小,它们的最简单控制方程组Euler、Navier-Stokes (NS)和扩散抛物化(DP) NS方程组的数学性质彼此不同, 因此利用Euler-DPNS-NS方程组体系分析计算高$Re$数绕流流动就是一个合乎逻辑的选择, 该法与利用单一NS方程组的常用方法可以彼此检验和补充. (2)流体之间以及流体与外界的动量、能量和质量交换, 流态从层流到湍流的演化主要发生在干扰剪切流动中, 干扰剪切流及其最简单控制方程------DPNS方程组具有基础意义; DPNS方程组笔者在1967年已提出. (3)诸简化NS方程组: DPNS、抛物化(P)NS、薄层(TL)NS、黏性层(VL)NS方程组的发展、相互关系, 它们的历史贡献和今后的用途; 它们的数学性质均为扩散抛物型, 但它们包含的黏性项彼此有所不同; 从流体力学角度来看, 它们中只有DPNS方程组能够准确描述干扰剪切流动. 提出把诸简化NS方程组统一为DPNS方程组的建议. (4)干扰剪切流------DPNS方程组与无干扰剪切流------边界层方程组之间的关系以及进一步研究干扰剪切流的意义.      

论粘性激波层理论的理论基础及其进一步发展

本文将Davis的量级分析方法改用匹配渐近展开方法,作为一级近似推导出了高超音速化学反应粘性激波层方程。证明了粘性激波层方程是NS方程在匹配渐近意义上的一级近似方程。进一步讨论了这一方程的基本假设条件。本文首次推导出的二级近似方程,是对Davis粘性激波层方程的修正。这种修正可以提高数值解的精度,有助于对问题获得更全面的了解,对进一步发展与完善高超音速钝头体绕流问题的数值求解方法起一定的作用。     

坐标变换法数值求解微通道行波电场电渗流

采用坐标变换法数值求解了耦合的Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP)方程和Navier-Stokes(NS)方程, 研究二维狭窄微通道行波电场电渗流数值解. 数值结果表明,坐标变换法能有效降低电渗流解数值解在双电层的高梯度, 有效改善数值解的收敛性和稳定性. 坐标变换的电渗流数值解和原始坐标下的数值解完全一致. 坐标变换后采用简单的网格也能得到和原始坐标下复杂网格相同的解. 给出了滑移边界的近似解与完整的PNP-NS数值解的比较. 在双电层厚度与微通道深度比值(λ/H)很小的情况下(相对深通道), 两者的解基本一致. 但在λ/H较大时(相对浅通道)滑移边界的解高于电渗流速度.      

水动力作用下低速射流碎化的数值模拟

为研究射流在水动力作用下的碎化特性,采用有限体积法对轴对称坐标下Navier-Stokes方程进行了求解,考虑重力和表面张力的影响,并通过Volume-of-Fluid法与Level-Set法成功捕捉到界面的不稳定发展、变形及射流碎化过程,分析了流场内部速度场和压力场分布,结果表明,射流碎化长度随Re/We“5数呈指数型增加,最后探讨了射流速度、直径及周围流体密度、粘性等参量对射流的碎化过程的影响规律.     

高雷诺数流动理论、算法和应用的若干研究进展

在黏性流体力学的历史发展中,Navier-Stokes (NS)方程组的 简化理论、相应算法和应用构成了不同历史时期的学科前沿、核心内 容的应用热点。以此为线索,简要评述经典边界层、多层(三层)边界 层、干扰边界层、扩散抛物化(DP) NS方程诸理论、相应算法和应用的 若干研究进展;诸理论之间以及他们与实验的关系;简化湍流计算的 一点注释以及物理分析和数值模拟相结合的一些问题。     

粘流-无粘干扰流动(IF)理论

对不可压缩层流二维干扰流动,本文提出一个干扰流动(IF)理论。IF理论要点为:1)干扰流动沿主流的法向被分为三层即粘性层、干扰层和无粘层,引进了法向动量交换为主导过程的干扰层概念。2)利用力学守恒律、三层匹配关系及文中引进的干扰模型,把三层的空间尺度及惯性-粘性诸力的数置级表示为单参数m的函数,m<1/2·3)导出描述各层流动的控制方程、导出描述全城流动的控制方程为简化Navie-Stokes(SNS)方程。IF理论适用于不存在分离的附着干扰流动以及存在分离的大范围干扰流动,经典边界层(CBL)理论和流动分离局部区域Triple-Deck(TD)理论分别是本文理论在参数m=O和1/4时的两个特例,本文理论容易推广到可压缩、三维及湍流流动。     

聚能射流侵彻径向扩孔的可压缩模型

聚能射流侵彻厚靶时,对靶材同时进行轴向和径向挤压进而发生轴向侵彻和径向扩孔。本文中基于聚能射流侵彻可压缩模型并结合Szendrei-Held扩孔方程,推导给出考虑弹/靶材料可压缩性的聚能射流扩孔方程。为简化完整可压缩模型繁琐的计算过程,又基于Murnaghan状态方程给出可压缩模型的近似解。与水中聚能射流扩孔的实验研究对比分析,表明该模型预测优于Szendrei-Held扩孔方程。模型分析表明,射流半径、驻点压力、靶材强度、驻点处靶材密度以及聚能射流速度是影响聚能射流扩孔的主要因素。本文模型可以更准确地预测聚能射流侵彻可压缩性较强的靶材的扩孔情况。相关工作可为含液密闭结构干扰聚能射流侵彻提供理论基础。     

Several exact solutions of the simplified Navier-Stokes equations (SNSE)

The Simplified Navier-Stokes equations (SNSE) and their exact solutions for the flow near a rotating disk and the flow in the vicinity of a stagnation point for both two- and three-dimensional flows are presented in this paper. The analysis shows that in the aforementioned cases the exact solutions of the inner-outer-layer-matched SNSE^[4] are completely consistent with those of the complete Navier-Stokes equations (CNSE) and that the exact velocity solutions of D-SNSE^[1,3] agree with those of CNSE, however, the exact pressure solutions of D-SNSE do not agree with those of CNSE. The maximum relative pressure errors between the exact solutions of D-SNSE and CNSE can be as high as a hundred per cent.     

Hierarchial structure theory for basic equations of fluid mechanics (BEFM) and the simplified Navier-Stokes equations (SNSE)

A hierarchial structure for the basic equations of fluid mechanics (BEFM) is found through the analysis of scales of length and time that proves a measure of the rate of change of the quantities describing the motion of the fluid as well as an estimation of the order of magnitude of various terms included in BEFM. The hierarchial structure theory shows that if (1) the characteristic Reynolds numbersRe is larger than unity and (2) the length scale in one coordinate direction is larger than that in other coordinate directions. BEFM can be classified into some levels according to the estimation of the order of magnitude of various terms included in BEFM. The hierarchial structure of BEFM has two branches: one is from BLE- to BEFM inner hierarchy, the other is from EE- to BEFM outer hierarchy, where BLE and EE are abbreviations of the boundary-layer equations and of Euler equations, respectively. The relationship between the two branches of the hierarchial structure, the characteristics, subcharacteristics and mathematical properties of the hierarchial equations are studied. A comparison between the present hierarchial equations and the Simplified Navier-Stokes equations (SNSE) appeared in literatures is also made. BLE-, EE-and Inner-outer-matched (IOM) equations hierarchies are the most important and useful three levels for solving viscous flow-fields approximately.     

Quasi-steady-state flows in a liquid film in a gas: Comparison of two methods of describing waves

The motion of thin films of a viscous incompressible liquid in a gas under the action of capillary forces is studied. The surface tension depends on the surfactant concentration, and the liquid is nonvolatile. The motion is described by the well-known model of quasi-steady-state viscous film flow. The linear-wave solutions are compared with the solution using the Navier-Stokes equations. Situations are studied where a solution close to the inviscid two-dimensional solutions exists and in the case of long wavelength, the occurrence of sound waves in the film due to the Gibbs surface elasticity is possible. The behavior of the exact solutions near the region of applicability of asymptotic equations is studied, and nonmonotonic dependences of the wave characteristics on wavenumber are obtained. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 103–111, May–June, 2007.     

Flow and heat transfer over a generalized stretching/shrinking wall problem—Exact solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations

In this paper, we investigate the steady momentum and heat transfer of a viscous fluid flow over a stretching/shrinking sheet. Exact solutions are presented for the Navier-Stokes equations. The new solutions provide a more general formulation including the linearly stretching and shrinking wall problems as well as the asymptotic suction velocity profiles over a moving plate. Interesting non-linear phenomena are observed in the current results including both exponentially decaying solution and algebraically decaying solution, multiple solutions with infinite number of solutions for the flow field, and velocity overshoot. The energy equation ignoring viscous dissipation is solved exactly and the effects of the mass transfer parameter, the Prandtl number, and the wall stretching/shrinking strength on the temperature profiles and wall heat flux are also presented and discussed. The exact solution of this general flow configuration is a rare case for the Navier-Stokes equation.     

A new method for obtaining the exact solutions of the Navier-Stokes (NS) equations and its applications

In this paper we propose a new method for obtaining the exact solutions of the Mavier-Stokes (NS) equations for incompressible viscous fluid in the light of the theory of simplified Navier-Stokes (SNS) equations developed by the first author^[1,2], Using the present method we can find some new exact solutions as well as the well-known exact solutions of the NS equations. In illustration of its applications, we give a variety of exact solutions of incompressible viscous fluid flows for which NS equations of fluid motion are written in Cartesian coordinates, or in cylindrical polar coordinates, or in spherical coordinates. The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

Finite amplitude waves superimposed on pseudoplanar motions for Mooney-Rivlin viscoelastic solids

This paper deals exclusively with finite amplitude motions in viscoelastic materials for which the stress is the sum of a part corresponding to the classical Mooney-Rivlin incompressible isotropic elastic solid and of a dissipative part corresponding to the classical viscous incompressible fluid. Of particular interest is a finite pseudoplanar elliptical motion which is an exact solution of the equations of motion. Superposed on this motion is a finite shearing motion. An explicit exact solution is presented. It is seen that the basic pseudoplanar motion is stable with respect to the finite superposed shearing motion. Particular exact solutions are obtained for the classical neo-Hookean solid and also for the classical Navier-Stokes equations. Finally, it is noted that parallel results may be obtained for a basic pseudoplanar hyperbolic motion.     

Boundary condition formulation for viscous fluid flow problems

In the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations by difference methods in infinite regions, the question arises as to the nature of the approximate boundary conditions at those portions of the computational region boundary where these conditions are not determined directly by the formulation of the basic problem. In certain cases of practical importance, these boundary conditions may be obtained by coupling the N-S equations with equations which are similar to the boundary-layer equations.In the present paper, we propose boundary conditions for the case of viscous incompressible fluid flow. Their application is illustrated for the problem of flow past the leading edge of a semi-infinite flat plate.The author wishes to thank I. Yu. Brailovskaya and L. A. Chudov for helpful suggestions in the course of this investigation.     

On the flow of a viscous fluid driven along a channel by suction at porous walls

This paper is a theoretical treatment of the flow of a viscous incompressible fluid driven along a channel by steady uniform suction through porous parallel rigid walls. Many authors have found such flows when they are symmetric, steady and two-dimensional, by assuming a similarity form of solution due to Berman in order to reduce the Navier-Stokes equations to a nonlinear ordinary differential equation. We generalise their work by considering asymmetric flows, unsteady flows and three-dimensional perturbations. By use of numerical calculations, matched asymptotic expansions for large values of the Reynolds number, and the theory of dynamical systems, we find many more exact solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations, examine their stability, and interpret them. In particular, we show that most previously found steady solutions are unstable to antisymmetric two-dimensional disturbances. This leads to a pitchfork bifurcation, stable asymmetric steady solutions, a Hopf bifurcation, stable time-periodic solutions, stable quasi-periodic solutions, phase locking and chaos in succession as the Reynolds number increases.     

Solitons in viscous films flowing down a vertical wall

Periodic wave solutions in a film of viscous liquid near optimal regimes have been investigated in the boundary layer approximation by Shkadov et al. [1]. Urintsev [2] has found nonlinear steady solutions near the upper neutral stability curve on the basis of the Navier-Stokes equations. In the present paper, equations are derived that can be used either to make the boundary-layer solution more accurate or estimate its applicability. Soliton type solutions are considered for parameter of the problem in the range δ ε (0, ∞). Asymptotic expansions are considered in the limits δ → 0 and δ → ∞. For finite δ, two numerical algorithms are proposed for solving the problem; one of them is for equations in von Mises variables. The numerical solutions revealed the existence of “singular” sections, at which the velocity profile differs strongly from parabolic. The integral characteristics of the soliton — the phase velocity, amplitude, etc. — are found to be close to the corresponding characteristics obtained earlier by the present author [3] by assuming that the velocity profile is parabolic. The first determination is made of the critical value δ = δ_** of the onset of boundary layer separation in the vertically flowing viscous film. It is interesting that the separation does not occur on the rigid wall but at an interface near the crest of the soliton.